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The fishing industry in Scotland comprises a significant proportion of the United Kingdom fishing industry. A recent inquiry by the Royal Society of Edinburgh found fishing to be of much greater social, economic and cultural importance to Scotland than to the rest of the UK. Scotland has just under 8.6% of the UK population but lands at its ports over 60% of the total UK catch of fish[1]. Fraserburgh is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland on the extreme North East corner. ...
Salmon for sale at a marketplace The Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ...
The Royal Society of Edinburghs Building on the corner of George St. ...
Many of these are ports in relatively remote communities such as Fraserburgh, Kinlochbervie or Lerwick, which are scattered along an extensive coastline and which, for centuries, have looked to fishing as the main source of employment. Restrictions imposed under the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) affect all European fishing fleets, but they have proved particularly severe in recent years for the demersal or whitefish sector (boats mainly fishing for cod, haddock and whiting) of the Scottish fishing industry. Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 The Port of Wellington at night. ...
Fraserburgh is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland on the extreme North East corner. ...
Kinlochbervie is a harbour town in the North West of the Scottish county of Sutherland, in Highland region. ...
Location within the British Isles The Market Cross,Central Lerwick Lerwick is the only burgh and main port of the Shetland Islands, found more than 160 km (100 miles) off the north coast of mainland Scotland. ...
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ...
The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the fisheries policy of the European Union. ...
Europe at its furthest extent, reaching to the Urals. ...
Species Gadus morhua Gadus macrocephalus Gadus ogac Cod is the common name for the genus Gadus of fish, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes. ...
Binomial name Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Haddock is a marine fish distributed on both sides of the North Atlantic. ...
Whiting is the name of several species of fish, see whiting (fish). ...
Historical development
Fish have been recognised as a major food source from the earliest times. Fishing was important to the earliest settlers in Scotland, around 7000 BC. At this stage, fishing was a subsistence activity, undertaken only to feed the fisher and their immediate community. By the medieval period, salmon and herring were important resources and were exported to continental Europe, and the towns of the Hanseatic League in particular. As the industry developed, "fishertouns" and villages sprang up to supply the growing towns and fishing became more specialised. The many religious houses in Scotland acted as a spur to fisheries, granting exclusive fishing rights and demanding part of their tithes in fish[2]. A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ...
(8th millennium BC – 7th millennium BC – 6th millennium BC – other millennia) Events circa 7000 BC – Agriculture and settlement at Mehrgarh in South Asia circa 6500 BC – English Channel formed circa 6100 BC – The Storegga Slide, causing a megatsunami in the Norwegian Sea circa 6000...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ...
Illustration of a male Coho Salmon The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow to 1. ...
Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the temperate, shallow waters of the North Atlantic...
Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ...
Carta marina of the Baltic Sea region (1539). ...
A tithe (from Old English teogoþa tenth) is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a (usually) voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Jewish or Christian religious organization. ...
In the early 19th Century, the British Government began to subsidise the catches of herring boats larger than 60 tons, plus an additional bounty on all herring sold abroad. This, coupled with the coming of the railways as a means of more rapid transport, gave an opportunity to Scottish fishermen to deliver their catches to markets much more quickly than in the past. Herring is considered a delicacy on the Continent and was caught relatively easily off the Coast of Scotland - off the East Coast during winter and spring, off the North Coast of Scotland and Shetland during the summer months and, in the autumn, off the Coast of East Anglia. At this time, there were as many as 30,000 vessels involved in herring fishing the East Coast, not to mention others in the Irish Sea[3]. At the peak of the Herring Boom in 1907, 2,500,000 barrels of fish (227 tonnes) were cured and exported, the main markets being Germany, Eastern Europe and Russia. The traditional method used for catching herring was the drift net. A long net in the form of a curtain was suspended from corks floating on the surface. The fish were trapped by the gills as they swam against the net. In the sheltered waters around Loch Fyne in Argyll, ring-netting for herring developed. The method involved surrounding a shoal of herring with a net and then pulling the ring tight to trap them. The Big Fish Eat the Small Ones by Peter Brueghel the Elder (1556). ...
The Big Fish Eat the Small Ones by Peter Brueghel the Elder (1556). ...
Bruegels The Painter and The Connoisseur drawn c. ...
1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ...
Loch Fyne is a sea loch on the west coast of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. ...
Argyll, archaically Argyle (Airthir-Ghaidheal in Gaelic, translated as [the] East Gael, or [the] East Irish), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a traditional county of Scotland. ...
Before the 1880s, long-lining was the usual method used to catch white fish such as cod, halibut, saithe, ling and flat fish which live at the bottom of the sea. It was very labour-intensive but resulted in a high quality catch. Small line fishing was a family affair with women and children responsible for preparing the equipment. This was a line, up to a mile in length, to which were attached snoods or shorter pieces of line which were baited with fish or shellfish. Great line fishing was similar to small line fishing but was undertaken in deeper waters, further out to sea. The lines could be up to 15 miles in length and would be fitted with 5,000 hooks. The fishermen usually baited the lines on the boat. Because of the work involved in preparing and hauling the lines, new methods of catching white fish were sought. Trawling was introduced into Scotland from England in the late 19th Century and, from the 1920s, seine-netting was introduced from Denmark[4].
The First World War interrupted the growth of the industry with many fishermen enlisting the Royal Naval Reserve. They returned to a declining industry which was further interrupted by the Second World War in 1939. After 1945 much of the effort became concentrated on whitefish with an additional sector exploiting shellfish. Technical developments have concentrated fishing in the hands of fewer fishermen operating more efficient vessels and, although the annual value of catches continued to rise, the number of people working in the industry fell[5]. The fishing industry in Scotland continued to decline up to the Second World War, in terms of the numbers employed in the industry, with commercial fishing virtually grinding to a halt during the war years. The post-war years saw the development of a fleet heavily based on otter trawling, less involved in distant-water fishing than the English fishing sector. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...
Blue Ensign flown by merchant vessels commanded by officers in the RNR. The Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) is the volunteer reserve force of the Royal Navy in the United Kingdom. ...
Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
The Celtic Explorer, a research vessel engaged in bottom trawling Bottom trawling (known in the scientific community as Benthic trawling) is a fishing method which involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor, as opposed to pelagic trawling, where a net is towed higher in the water column. ...
History of national waters The concept of “freedom of the seas” has endured since the seventeenth century, when the Dutch merchant and politician, Hugo Grotius, defended Holland's trading in the Indian Ocean, with the argument of “mare librum”, based on the idea that fish stocks were so abundant that there could be no possible benefit obtained by claiming national jurisdiction over large areas of sea[6]. His arguments prevailed, and freedom of the seas became synonymous with the freedom to fish[7]. Countries such as Scotland had claimed exclusive rights to fishing in inshore waters as early as the fifteenth century, but there was no formal consensus as to how far off shore these areas extended. This ad hoc situation was codified by legislation in the 1930 Hague Convention on International Law. However, only Chile and Peru claimed more than a few miles of territorial waters. This system endured until the 1970s, when it became apparent to nations with large fishery resources that “their” stocks were being overexploited by non-local fishers. The 1973 UN Conference on Law of the Sea allowed 200 nautical mile national limits, which were immediately claimed by a number of countries. Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius (Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; Delft, 10th April 1583 - Rostock, 28th August 1645) worked as a jurist in the United Provinces (now the Netherlands) and laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. ...
Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ...
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Opened for signature December 10, 1982 in Montego Bay (Jamaica) Entered into force November 16, 1994[1] Conditions for entry into force 60 ratifications Parties 149[2] For maritime law in general see Admiralty law. ...
 Trends in landings of Cod, Haddock, Whiting and Norway Pout from the North Sea (1961-2004).
Gadoid outburst and Common Fisheries Policy Fisheries are mentioned briefly in the Treaty of Rome. The Treaty of Rome signing ceremony Signatures in the Treaty The Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC) and was signed by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg (the latter three as part of the Benelux) on March 25, 1957. ...
"The Common Market shall extend to agriculture and trade in agricultural products. ‘Agricultural products’ means the products of the soil, of stockfarming and of fisheries and products of first stage processing directly related to these products."
Fisheries policy was seen, therefore, as an extension of the arrangements for agriculture, and the European Commission interpreted this as requiring a common policy dealing with fisheries. In 1968 the first proposals were put to the Council of Ministers for a Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). Implementation of the CFP was delayed by the difficulty in member states reaching agreement on the provisions of the legislation required. An agreement on the two regulations which make up the CFP was eventually reached on the night of June 30, 1970 - the day that negotiations were due to start for the accession of the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway. The six existing members were keen that a CFP should be in place before negotiations began and should therefore become part of the acquis communitaire, which new members would have to accept as settled policy[8]. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive body of the European Union. ...
1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...
The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the fisheries policy of the European Union. ...
June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ...
The late 1960s and early 1970s were characterised by a sudden and unexplained increase in the abundance of a number of gadoid species (cod, haddock, whiting, etc.), the gadoid outburst. In this period the gadoid species in Scottish waters all produced a series of exceptionally strong year classes which have not been seen repeated in the intervening period. This great abundance, coupled with the price support system that subsidised fishermen when prices fell, contained in the CFP, lead to heavy investment in new boats, equipment and processing capacity in the Scottish whitefish fleet[9]. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ...
Britain's negotiating position was complicated by the conflicting interest of the inshore and distant water fishermen. The Scottish fleet had a strong interest in seeing the exclusive 12 mile limit retained; but the UK Government was also pressed by the distant water fleet, mainly, but not solely based on the east coast of England, which wanted to continue fishing off Iceland, Norway and the Faroe Islands. The distant water fishermen were, of course, strongly opposed to any extension of territorial waters of any country, including the UK. The drama of the cod war with Iceland was still to come, with Britain’s attempt to protect the interests of its distant water fleet. Compromise was reached when it was agreed that the applicant countries would retain their 6 mile exclusive limits, and their 12 mile limits subject to existing historical rights, for substantial parts of their coastline, preventing continental European vessels fishing in much of the Scottish west coast, including all of the Minch and Irish Sea. These limits have been renewed in legislation on two occasions, and although these rights are not a permanent feature of the policy, it is unlikely now that they will ever be extinguished, especially in the light of the need to conserve fish stocks[10]. Map of Sealand and the United Kingdom, with territorial water claims of 3nm and 12nm shown. ...
The Cod Wars (also called the Iceland Cod Wars) were a series of confrontations between the United Kingdom and Iceland over Icelands claims of authority over tracts of ocean off their coastline as being their exclusive fishery zone. ...
The Minch is a body of water separating north-west mainland Scotland from the Isle of Lewis (the northern Outer Hebrides). ...
Relief map of the Irish Sea. ...
In January 1977, at the behest of the EEC, the UK and other member states extended their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) to 200 miles or to the median line with other countries. This followed the extension of exclusive fisheries limits by Iceland, Norway, the United States and Canada to 200 miles. By this time Norway had decided by referendum not to join the EEC, as had the Faroe Islands, which, as a Danish dependency, had the option to join but did not do so. The 12-200 mile zone around Scotland, has never, therefore, been fished solely by the Scottish fishing industry, but is a direct consequence of the adoption of the CFP into British law. January is the first month of the year and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
Sea areas in international rights Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. ...
The outcome of the negotiations was considered by fishermen’s representative bodies at the time to be a success. The extension of the 12 mile limit to the whole coastline (including St Kilda and North Rona and enclosing the Minch, although excluding Rockall) gave Scotland one of the largest areas of inshore fishing in Europe, and the same limits as before entry to the EEC. Mercator projection map of the St. ...
North Rona, often just called Rona, is a remote Scottish island in the North Atlantic. ...
Rockall, a small, isolated rocky islet in the North Atlantic Ocean Rockall is a small, rocky islet in the North Atlantic, in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the United Kingdom. ...
Current status The current status of the fishing industry in Scotland is best considered on a sector-by-sector basis, as each faces different problems and opportunities.
Demersal fleet The Scottish demersal fleet has been facing economically difficult times for several years due to the decline of cod and haddock in the North Sea, which were the mainstay of catches. The fleet has declined from around 800 vessels in 1992 to just over 400 in 2004. This sector catches a diverse range of species and, although cod and haddock are important components, together accounting for 40% of the total landings, in absolute value they represent only a modest turnover of £55m[11]. Commercial performance of the sector has been dominated by the difficulties over cod, particularly in recent years with the implementation of the European "Cod Recovery Plan", but have also been affected by a scarcity of haddock and other demersal species. In recent years much of the demersal industry has been supported by the abundant 1999 year-class of haddock[12]
Nephrops fleet Nephrops norvegicus is a small crustacean better known as langoustine or scampi, and, by value, is the single most economically important species caught by the Scottish fishing industry, with landings in 2005 worth £38.5m, as compared to £22.4m for haddock, the next most significant species[13]. The Nephrops fleet is varied in its makeup, with larger trawlers fishing in the central North Sea, and smaller vessels trawling in coastal waters, and significant landings coming from vessels fishing with creels or lobster pots, particularly on the west coast. Nephrops lives on patches of soft mud, in which it excavates burrow systems. The distribution of the species is therefore limited by the extent of these mud patches, which are found in the Firth of Forth, Moray Firth, the North and South Minches, the Clyde estuary, and the Fladen ground, in the centre of the north of the North Sea. Juveniles and females spend most of their time inside these burrows, with males venturing out more frequently. This difference in behaviour, coupled with the inherent problem in measuring the age of crustaceans, means that standard stock assessment techniques cannot be used. Nephrops stocks are assessed by surveying their habitat with TV cameras to count the number of burrows. This is then used to calculate an average population density, and from their to calculate a biomass for a particular area. The total allowable catch is set as a proportion of this biomass[14]. Nephrops stocks in Scotland have been increasing in recent years, and the creel fishery in Loch Torridon has received Marine Stewardship Council accreditation as a sustainable fishery[15]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2800x2100, 1321 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Norway lobster European Fishery MLS Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2800x2100, 1321 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Norway lobster European Fishery MLS Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital...
Creel can refer to: Creel, Chihuahua,is a small Mexican town in the Tarahuramas Sierra. ...
A lobster trap (British English: lobster pot) is an effective way for fishermen to catch many lobsters at once when lobster fishing. ...
The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area The Firth of Forth (Abhainn Dhubh [Black River] in Scottish Gaelic) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea...
The Moray Firth is a roughly triangular area of the North Sea, north and east of Inverness. ...
The River Clyde, looking eastwards upstream, as it passes beneath the Kingston Bridge in Central Glasgow. ...
Liathach, the highest of the Torridon hills Torridon (Scottish Gaelic: Toirbheartan) is a small village in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. ...
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is an independent non-profit organization that aims to promote sustainable fishery practices. ...
Pelagic sector The commercial performance of this sector suffered a near terminal setback during the 1970s, when the herring fisheries in the North Sea and west of Scotland collapsed and had to be closed. As stocks recovered and as it became possible to separate the catching of herring and mackerel, the sector recovered. It became apparent that the domestic market for herring had disappeared, and mackerel became the dominant source of earnings. These trends encouraged a number of enterprising fishermen to set about investing in the modernisation of the fleet through the commissioning of new, state-of-the-art vessels. The pelagic fleet is now highly centralised, based in Shetland and north east Scotland, with a fleet of 27 vessels generating gross earnings of £98M[16]. The general view is that substantial profit and excellent returns on investment are being achieved by this sector. Recent raids by the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency (SFPA) on a number of fish processors revealed large-scale misreporting of landings by pelagic vessels[17]. This lead to the Scottish component of pelagic quotas being reduced for several years to "repay" this over-exploitation.
 A small Nephrops trawler leaving Ullapool harbour. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x681, 96 KB) A trawler leaving the port of Ullapool, north-west Scotland. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x681, 96 KB) A trawler leaving the port of Ullapool, north-west Scotland. ...
Ullapool (Ullapul or Ulapul in Gaelic) is a small town in Ross and Cromarty, Highland, Scotland. ...
Processing industry The Scottish processing industry accounts for 49% of the turnover of UK fish processing industry[18]. Geographical distribution of the turnover of the Scottish industry is 65% around Aberdeen; 24% in central and southern Scotland; and 11% in the Highlands and Islands[19]. The industry forms an integral part of the fishing-based economy. It accounts for more jobs than the catching industry and aquaculture combined, with the added significance that it provides employment for women in otherwise male-dominated labour markets. Two distinct sub-sectors make up the processing industry: the primary processors involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processors producing chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades[20]. The current situation of the processing sector reflects the fortunes of the catching industry. Those involved in processing pelagic fishes and shellfish (together with farmed fish) are expanding their operations, while those engaged in whitefish processing are in difficulty[21]. One of the major problems facing the processing sector is the scarcity of labour in isolated rural communities. Difficulties in attracting local labour reflect the low pay, the seasonal or casual nature of employment and the poor work environment compared with office or supermarket jobs. The high turnover of labour and high levels of absenteeism experienced in some plants adds significantly to labour costs. As a result, firms are now turning increasingly to agency labour and the employment of unskilled (and occasionally illegal[22]) immigrant workers[23].
Associated organisations The fishing industry in Scotland is supported by a number of governmental and non-governmental organisations. The FRV Clupea is a small, inshore fisheries research vessel, which operates mainly on the Scottish west coast, on behalf of the Scottish Executive, and is based at the port of Fraserburgh. ...
Fisheries research in Scotland Fisheries research in Scotland dates back to the foundation of the Scottish Marine Station, near Oban and the Gatty Marine Laboratory at St Andrews in 1884. Government involvement in fisheries research began in 1899 with the foundation of the Aberdeen Marine Laboratory, now operating as Fisheries Research Services (FRS). FRS is an agency of the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD), and provides fish stock assessments, research and policy advice to the Scottish Executive, and the Scottish rural affairs minister, Ross Finnie. FRS operates two research vessels, the ocean-going FRV Scotia and the smaller inshore vessel FRV Clupea. Non-governmental fisheries research is carried out at a number of Scottish universities and institutes, including deep-sea research at the University of Aberdeen's Oceanlab at Newburgh, marine mammal research at the University of St Andrews, research on the Clyde estuary ecosystem at the Millport Biological Station on the Isle of Cumbrae, and fisheries research at the Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) near Oban, and the North Atlantic Fisheries College at Scalloway in Shetland, both part of the University of the Highlands and Islands project. View of Oban from Druim Mor. ...
Named after Saint Andrew the Apostle, the Royal Burgh of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: ) is a town on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, and the home of golf. ...
1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The FRV Scotia Fisheries Research Services (FRS) is an Executive Agency of the Scottish Executive, part of the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department. ...
The Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department (SEERAD) is a department of the Scottish Executive. ...
The Executives logo, shown with English and Scottish Gaelic caption The term Scottish Executive is used in two different, but closely-related senses: to denote the executive arm of Scotlands national legislature (i. ...
Ross Finnie, born 11 February 1947 in Greenock, is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician, member of the Scottish Parliament for the West of Scotland Region, and Minister of Environment and Rural Development. ...
A research vessel is a ship primarily constructed to carry out scientific research at sea. ...
The FRV Clupea is a small, inshore fisheries research vessel, which operates mainly on the Scottish west coast, on behalf of the Scottish Executive, and is based at the port of Fraserburgh. ...
The University of Aberdeen was founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
A Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), a member of Order Cetacea A Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), a member of infrafamily Pinnipedia A West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus), a member of Order Sirenia A marine mammal is a mammal that is primarily ocean-dwelling or depends on the ocean for its food. ...
St Marys College Bute Medical School Postgraduate Students Affiliations 1994 Group Website www. ...
The River Clyde, looking eastwards upstream, as it passes beneath the Kingston Bridge in Central Glasgow. ...
Great Cumbrae and other south-west coast islands Great Cumbrae (also known as Cumbrae or the Isle of Cumbrae) is an island in the lower Firth of Clyde, 4 Kilometers long by 2 Kilometers wide. ...
Scalloway is the largest settlement on Shetlands Atlantic coast and until 1708 was the capital of Shetland. ...
Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland) formerly called Hjaltland, is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. ...
Industry organisations There are numerous organisations representing different sectors of the industry, however the most senior is the Scottish Fishermen's Federation (SFF), which was formed in 1973 from eight constituent local fishermen's organisations. The SFF lobbies for the interests of Scottish fishermen at national and international levels in Edinburgh, London and Brussels. The Federation also plays a role in fisheries science by coordinating industry cooperation with scientific partners. The different industrial sectors each have representative organisations, such as the Scottish Whitefish Producers Organisation or the the Scottish Seafood Processors Federation. The promotion of fish and fish products along with economic analysis of fisheries is carried out by Sea Fish Industry Authority (Seafish) - a non-departmental public body funded by a levy on fish sales - and their Scottish partner organisation, Seafood Scotland. Edinburgh (pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
Nickname: The Capital Of Europe, Comic City City of a 100 Museums[] Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area - City 162 (Region) km² (62. ...
Regulation and enforcement Whilst the international aspect of European fisheries negotiation, such as the setting of quotas, remain a reserved power, the implementation of fisheries regulations are devolved to the Scottish parliament, and administered by SEERAD Enforcement of these regulations are carried out by the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency (SFPA). In Scotland reserved matters, also referred to as reserved powers, are those subjects over which power to legislate is retained by Westminster, as explicitly stated in the Scotland Act 1998. ...
The Scottish Parliaments logo in English and Gaelic. ...
Ensign of the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency The Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency (SFPA) is an executive agency of the Scottish Executive, part of the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department. ...
See also Workers harvest catfish from the Delta Pride Catfish farms in Mississippi Aquaculture is the cultivation of the natural produce of water (such as fish or shellfish, algae and other aquatic organisms). ...
// The headquarters of the Bank of Scotland, located on the Mound in Edinburgh. ...
// North Sea Oil Platforms North Sea oil refers to oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) produced from oil reservoirs beneath the North Sea. ...
External links - Fisheries Research Services
- Scottish Environment and Rural Affairs Department
- Scottish Fishermen's Federation
- Seafish - the UK Seafish Industry Authority
- Seafood Scotland
References - ↑ Hislop J.R.G. (1996) Changes in North Sea gadoid stocks. ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 53, Number 6, pp. 1146-1156(11)
- ↑ Jennings, S., Kaiser, M.J. & Reynolds, J.D. (2001) Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Publishing ltd., Oxford. 417pp.
- ↑ Payne, A.I.L., O'Brien, C.M. & Rogers, S.I. (2004) Management of Shared Fish Stocks. Blackwell Publishing ltd., Oxford. 367pp.
- ↑ Pitcher, T.J. & Hart, P.J.B. (1982) Fishies Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London. 414pp.
- ↑ Report of the ICES Working Group on the North Sea and Skaggerak. [24]
- ↑ Royal Society of Edinburgh (2004) Inquiry into the future of the Scottish fishing industry. 128pp. [25]
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