Fissure is a groove, natural division, deep furrow, or cleft found in the brain, spinal cord, and liver; or an unnatural tract found most commonly in the anus. In dentistry, a fissure is a break in the tooth enamel.
Natural Fissure
Various types of fissure are:
Auricular fissure: found in the temporal bone
Fissure of Bichat: found below the corpus callosum in the cerebellum of the brain.
Broca's fissure: found in the third left frontal fold of the brain.
Burdach's fissure: connects the brain's insula and the inner surface of the operculum.
Calcarine fissure: extends from the occipital of the cerebrum to the occipital fissure.
Callosomarginal fissure: found in the mesial surface of the cerebrum.
Central fissure or Ronaldo's fissure: separates the brain's frontal and parietal lobes.
Clevenger's fissure: found in the inferior temporal lobe of the brain
Collateral fissure: found in the inferior surface of the cerebrum.
Henle's fissure: the connective tissue between the muscle fibers of the heart.
Hippocampal fissure: a fissure that extends from the brain's corpus callosum to the tip of the temporal lobe.
Horizontal or Transverse fissure: found between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Transverse fissure is also found in the liver and lungs.
Longitudinal fissure: found in the lower surface of the liver, also a fissure that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum.
Occipitoparietal fissure: found between the occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.
Palpebral fissure: separates the upper and lower eyelids.
Portal fissure: found in the under-surface of the liver.
Sphenoidal fissure: separates the wings and the body of the sphenoid bone.
Fissure of Sylvius: separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain from the temporal lobe.
Umbilical fissure: found in front of the liver.
Wernicke's fissure: separates the brain's temporal and parietal lobes from the occipital lobe.
Zygal fissure: found in the cerebrum.
Abnormal Fissure
Fissure can also mean unnatural tract or ulcer, most commonly found in the anus. One of the most common types of fissure is anal fissure.
Fissure (Latin fissura, Plural fissurae) is a groove, natural division, deep furrow, or cleft found in the brain, spinal cord, and liver; or a tear in the anus.
Calcarine fissure: extends from the occipital of the cerebrum to the occipital fissure.
Fissure of Sylvius: separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain from the temporal lobe.
An anal fissure (AY-nul FISH-er) is a tear in the anus causing a painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus.
Fissures can extend upward into the lower rectal mucosa; or extend downward causing a swollen skin tab or tag to develop at the anal verge, also known as a sentinel pile.
Since anal fissures are characterized by spasm of the internal anal sphincter and a reduction in mucosal blood flow, the aim of treatment is to relieve ischemia by reducing resting anal pressure and improving mucosal perfusion.
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