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Fixation index (FST) is a measure of population differentiation based on genetic polymorphism data (either SNPs or microsatellites). It is a special case of F-statistics, concept developed in the 1920s by Sewall Wright. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNP (pronounced snip) is a DNA sequence variation, occurring when a single nucleotide: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) or guanine (G) - in the genome is altered. ...
A microsatellite is a short, noncoding DNA sequence (a Tandemly Repetitive DNA sequence) that is repeated many times within the genome of an organism. ...
F-statistics in population genetics, are concerned with the level of heterozygosity in a population and the cause of (usually) a reduction in heterozygosity when compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectation. ...
The 1920s is a decade sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ...
Sewall Green Wright ForMemRS (December 21, 1889 – March 3, 1988) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory. ...
This statistic compares the genetic variability within and between population and is frequently used in the field of population genetics. Population genetics is the study of the distribution of and change in allele frequencies under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration. ...
Several definitions of Fst have been used, all measuring different but related quantities. A common definition has been proposed by Hudson, Slatkin and Maddison (1992):
where ΠBetween and ΠWithin represent the average number of pairwise differences between two individuals sampled from different (ΠBetween) or the same (ΠWithin) population. Note that when using this definition ΠWithin should be computed for each population and then averaged. Otherwise, random sampling of pairs within populations put all the weight on the population with the largest sample size.
References
Estimation of levels of gene flow from DNA sequence data, R. R. Hudson and M. Slatkin and W. P. Maddison, Genetics 1992 | 
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