A fixed star is a celestial object that does not seem to move (in comparison to the other stars of the night sky). Hence, a fixed star is any star except for the Sun. Such 'fixed' stars do have parallax, but this was small enough to not have been noticed until modern times.
This name dates back from the time when it was not yet discovered that there were two differences between the planets and the stars. Planets seem to move, while stars do not, but also the planets (and their moons) only reflect the Sun's light, while the stars provide their own light.
The star Polaris (the North Star), and the star Betelgeuse, in the Orion constellation are supergiant stars.
If one star is much closer than another otherwise similar star, it will appear much brighter, in just the same way that a candle that is near you looks brighter than a big fire that is far away.
Most of the matter in a star is blown away in the explosion (forming nebulae such as the Crab Nebula) but what remains will collapse into a neutron star (a pulsar or X-ray burster) or, in the case of the largest stars, a fl hole.
A fixedstar is a celestial object that does not seem to move (in comparison to the other stars of the night sky).
Such 'fixed' stars do have parallax, but this was small enough to not have been noticed until modern times.
Planets seem to move, while stars do not, but also the planets (and their moons) only reflect the Sun's light, while the stars provide their own light.
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