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The part of the flag attached to the staff or halyard is the hoist; the portion from the attached part to the free end is the fly; the top quarter of the flag next to the staff is the canton.
The white flag is used universally for truce; the fl in early times was a symbol for piracy; the red symbolizes mutiny or revolution; the yellow is a sign of infectious diseases.
A flag flown at half-mast is the symbol of mourning.