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Encyclopedia > Flag of Georgia (U.S. state)

Current State flag of Georgia
Current State flag of Georgia

The current flag of Georgia was adopted on May 8, 2003. The flag has three red and white stripes, with the state coat of arms (taken from the state seal) on a blue field in the upper left corner. In the coat of arms, the arch symbolizes the state's Constitution and the pillars represent the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The words of the state motto, "Wisdom, Justice, Moderation," are wrapped around the pillars, guarded by a male figure dressed in Colonial attire like a soldier of the War of Independence, with a drawn sword representing the defense of the Constitution. An additional motto, In God We Trust, appears under these elements, though it is not part of the state seal nor coat of arms. The flag has thirteen stars, representing Georgia and the 12 other original states that formed the United States of America. However, this could also represent the 13 states of the Confederate States of America. Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia_(U.S._state). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia_(U.S._state). ... For other uses, see Flag (disambiguation). ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Seal of Georgia The Seal of Georgia is yellow in color. ... Before the Revolution: The 13 colonies are in red, the pink area was claimed by Great Britain after the French and Indian War, and the orange region was claimed by Spain. ... For other uses, see In God We Trust (disambiguation). ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial)  States that seceded under CSA control  States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia...

Contents

Pledge to the Georgia Flag

I pledge allegiance to the Georgia Flag and to the principles for which it stands: Wisdom, Justice, Moderation.[1]

Historic flags

Historic Georgia Flags

Before 1879 (unofficial)

18791902

19021906

19061920

19201956

19562001

20012003

2003present

The state flag used from 1956 to 2001 (see below) featured a prominent Confederate Battle Flag, which some residents found offensive due to memories of its historic use by the Confederate States of America and its current use as a symbol of various white supremacy groups. African-Americans in particular found it offensive, as the emblem was originally adopted not during the American Civil War period but in 1956 during the height of the fight for desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement. Even in 1956, support for the flag was not unanimous, with the United Daughters of the Confederacy opposing the flag with a prophetic statement that the change "would cause strife." Image File history File links GaBefore1879. ... Image File history File links FIAV_reconstructed. ... Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia_(1879). ... Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Ga1902. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Ga1906. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia_(1920-1956). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia_(1956-2001). ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia_(2001-2003). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia_(U.S._state). ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The Confederate States of America used several flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865. ... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial)  States that seceded under CSA control  States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia... White supremacy is a racist ideology which holds the belief that white people are superior to other races. ... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Predominantly Christianity and Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Affirmative action in the United States Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity... Prominent figures of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. ... The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) is a sororal association dedicated to honoring the memory of those who served and died in service to the Confederate States of America (CSA). ...


Twenty-first century adherents of the 1956 flag claimed that the flag was designed to commemorate the upcoming Civil War Centennial five years away.[2] Critics, including Georgia Congressman John Lewis, assert it was only adopted as a symbol of racist protest, especially against the decision of Brown v. Board of Education.[3] A federal appeals court noted in 1997 that the 1956 resolution changing the flag was part of a larger legislative package that year from the Georgia General Assembly which included bills rejecting Brown v. Board and following up on then-Governor Marvin Griffin's announcement that "The rest of the nation is looking to Georgia for the lead in segregation." [4] For other persons named John Lewis, see John Lewis (disambiguation). ... Holding Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate Casey Cagle, R since November 7, 2006 Speaker of the House Glenn Richardson, R since November 7, 2006 Members 236 Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican Party Meeting place Georgia State Capitol Web site... Samuel Marvin Griffin (September 4, 1907 - June 13, 1982) was a politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. ...


Political pressure for a change in the official state flag increased during the 1990s, in particular during the run-up to the 1996 Olympic Games that were held in Atlanta. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) focused on the Georgia flag as a major issue and some business leaders in Georgia felt that the perceptions of the flag were causing economic harm to the state. In 1992, Governor Zell Miller announced his intention to get the battle flag element removed, but the state legislature refused to pass any flag-modifying legislation. The matter was dropped after the 1993 legislative session. Many Atlanta residents and some Georgia politicians refused to fly the 1956 flag and flew the pre-1956 flag instead. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... (Redirected from 1996 Olympic Games) Categories: 1996 Summer Olympics ... Atlanta redirects here. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, generally pronounced as EN Double AY SEE PEE) is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. ... Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24, 1932) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. ...


Miller's successor as Governor, Roy Barnes, responded to the increasing calls for a new state flag, and in 2001 quickly hurried a replacement through the Georgia General Assembly under howls of protest. His new flag sought a compromise, by featuring small versions of some (but not all) of Georgia's former flags, including the controversial 1956 flag, under the words "Georgia's History." Those flags are the original thirteen-star Betsy Ross U.S. flag; the first Georgia flag (before 1879); the 1920–1956 Georgia flag; the previous state flag (1956–2001); and the current fifty-star U.S. flag. Roy Eugene Barnes (born March 11, 1948) was the governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from January 1999 until January 2003. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate Casey Cagle, R since November 7, 2006 Speaker of the House Glenn Richardson, R since November 7, 2006 Members 236 Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican Party Meeting place Georgia State Capitol Web site... Union Jack. ...


The 2001 flag, intended to be less offensive, never gained popularity amongst Georgians. It was perceived as having been "designed by a committee," and was aesthetically complicated, crowded with many small elements. In a 2001 survey on state and provincial flags in North America conducted by the North American Vexillological Association, the redesigned Georgia flag was ranked the worst by a wide margin; the group stated that the flag "violates all the principles of good flag design." [5] North American redirects here. ... NAVA flag The North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) is a body devoted to the study of flags. ...


Current flag

In 2002, Sonny Perdue was elected Governor of Georgia, partially on a platform of allowing Georgians to choose their own flag in a state referendum. Perdue disappointed many supporters of the 1956 flag by not pursuing a referendum on the version they favored and instead allowed the Georgia legislature to draft a new flag in 2003. Also see: 2002 (number). ... George Ervin Sonny Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) is the governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. ... This is a list of Governors of the state of Georgia, including governors of the British colony of Georgia. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


The General Assembly's proposed flag combined elements of Georgia's previous flags, creating a composition that was inspired by the Confederate First National flag, the Stars and Bars, rather than the Confederate Battle Flag. Perdue signed the legislation into law on May 8, 2003.[6] The Confederate States of America used several flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


The 2003 flag legislation also authorized a public referendum on which of the two most recent flags (the 2001 and 2003 versions) would be officially adopted as the flag of the state. The referendum took place during the state's March 2, 2004 presidential primary election. Some heritage groups and protesters known as "flaggers," angry with Governor Perdue because the 1956 flag had not been included in the choices, called for a boycott of the vote. If the 2003 flag was rejected, the pre-2001 design would have been put to a vote.[7] The 2003 design won 73.1% of the vote in the referendum.[8] Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The series of U.S. presidential primaries is one of the first steps in the process of electing a President of the United States. ... This article is about the political process. ...


While the new state flag uses elements of the 1879, 1902, 1906, and 1920 state flags, those flags were similar to the first official flag of the Confederate States of America (see Flags of the Confederate States of America). Though the 1956-2001 flag contained the more widely recognized battle flag, the current flag resembles the first official Confederate flag ("The Stars and Bars"), except that a variant of the Georgia state seal replaces the seven stars in the blue background. Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial)  States that seceded under CSA control  States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia... The Confederate States of America used several flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865. ... Seal of Georgia The Seal of Georgia is yellow in color. ...


References

  1. ^ "Provisions of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated Relative to Georgia, U.S., and Confederate Flags", Carl Vinson Institute of Government, The University of Georgia, 1999-12-19. Retrieved on 2007-10-07. 
  2. ^ Azarian, Alexander; Eden Fesshazion (2000-08). The State Flag of Georgia: The 1956 Change In Its Historical Context (PDF). Senate Research Office. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
  3. ^ Editorial by Congressman John Lewis December 16, 2002. Accessed online November 21, 2006.
  4. ^ Coleman v. Miller 1997 decision denying injunction against Governor of Georgia and the Sons of Confederate Veterans for flying the 1956 Georgia state flag. Accessed online November 21, 2006.
  5. ^ New Mexico Tops State/Provincial Flags Survey, Georgia Loses by Wide Margin Press release from the North American Vexillological Association. Accessed online December 16, 2006.
  6. ^ Flags That Have Flown Over Georgia: The History of the Georgia State Flag - Georgia State Flag, Current. Secretary of State of the State of Georgia (2003). Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
  7. ^ "New state flag endorsed by Georgia governor, lawmakers", USA Today, Associated Press, 2003-4-4. Retrieved on 2007-10-07. 
  8. ^ Official Results of the March 2, 2004 Presidential Preference Primary and Statewide Special Referendum. State of Georgia (2004-07-07). Retrieved on 2007-10-07.

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