Flag of Portugal

Use	Civil and state flag and national ensign.
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	30 June 1911
Design	A 2-3 vertically striped bicolor of green and red, with the minor version of the national coat of arms centered over the color boundary.
Use	War flag.
Proportion	12:13
Adopted	30 June 1911
Design	As above, but evenly striped (1-1) and with the major version of the national coat of arms, displaying a white scroll with the motto "Esta é a ditosa pátria minha amada" ("This is my beloved homeland"), taken from Os Lusíadas, III, 21, v. 1.

The flag of Portugal consists of a rectangular (ratio 2:3) uneven vertical bicolor, that is, a field vertically divided into two unequal stripes of green, at the hoist, and red, at the fly. The minor version of the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) is centered over the boundary between the colors at equal distance from the upper and lower edges. Portugal officially adopted this design for its national flag on 30 June 1911, replacing the one used under the constitutional monarchy, after it was chosen among several proposals by a special commission, whose members included Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, João Chagas, and Abel Botelho. Image File history File links Flag_of_Portugal. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... A civil flag is a version of the national flag that is flown by civilians on non-government installations or craft. ... The flags of the U.S. states exhibit a wide variety of regional influences and local histories, as well as widely different styles and design principles. ... For other uses, see Flag (disambiguation). ... A National Ensign is a flag flown at the stern of a ship, primarily for the identification of the nationality of the vessel. ... Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... Image File history File links FIAV_110111. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Green (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... The Coat of Arms of Portugal was officially adopted in 30 June 1911, along with the Republican Flag of Portugal. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... A war flag (or military flag) is a variant of a national flag for use by the nations military forces on land. ... For other uses, see Flag (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links FIAV_001000. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Front of the first edition of Os Lusíadas Os Lusíadas, pron. ... This is a gallery of bicolor flags having fields split horizontally, vertically, or diagonally into differently colored sub-fields. ... For other uses, see Green (disambiguation). ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... The Coat of Arms of Portugal was officially adopted in 30 June 1911, along with the Republican Flag of Portugal. ... Armillary sphere An armillary sphere (variations known as a spherical astrolabe, armilla, or armil) is a model of the celestial sphere, invented by the ancient Greek Eratosthenes in 255 BC. Its name comes from the Latin armilla (circle, bracelet), since it has a skeleton made of graduated metal circles linking... The Dannebrog, national flag of Denmark, is the oldest state flag still in use. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... Self portrait, oil on canvas, undated Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (Lisbon, 21 November 1857- Lisbon 6 November 1929), who is usually referred to as Columbano, was a Portuguese painter. ... João Chagas João Pinheiro Chagas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1 September 1863 - Estoril, 28 May 1925), pron. ... Abel Acácio de Almeida Botelho (23 September 1855 – 1917), born in Tabuaço and deceased in Argentina, was a Portuguese military officer and diplomat, but distinguish himself as a writer. ...

The new background colors, especially the green, were not traditional and represented a radical republican-inspired change that broke the bond with the former religious monarchical flag. Since a failed republican insurrection in 31 January 1891, the red and green had been established as the colors of the Portuguese Republican Party and its associated movements, whose political prominence kept growing until it culminated in the Republican revolution of 5 October 1910. In the following decades, these colors were popularly propagandized as representing the hope of the nation (green) and the blood (red) of those who died defending it, as a means to endow them with a more patriotic and dignified, therefore less political, sentiment. Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, with an emphasis on liberty, rule of law, popular sovereignty and the civic virtue practiced by citizens. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Portuguese Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Português, pron. ... The revolution of 1910 was a republican coup détat that occurred in Portugal on October 5, 1910, which deposed King Manuel II and established the Portuguese First Republic. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The current flag represents a sweeping change in the evolution of the Portuguese flag, which was always intimately associated with the royal arms. Since the country's foundation, the national flag developed from King Afonso I's blue-cross-on-white armorial square banner to the liberal monarchy's royal arms over a blue-and-white rectangle. In between, major changes associated with important political events contributed to the evolution of the national shield into its current design. Afonso I, King of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... This article is about the colour. ... This article is about the color. ... A banner is a flag or other piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or other message. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ...

Design

The decree that legally replaced the flag used under the constitutional monarchy with the new National Flag (Portuguese: Bandeira Nacional) was approved by the Constituent Assembly and published in government diary (Portuguese: Diário do Governo) no. 141, on 19 June 1911. On 30 June, this decree had its regulations officially published in government diary no. 150.^[1] Decree is an order that has the force of law. ... A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Construction

Construction sheet with official dimensions of the Flag of Portugal. All measures are relative to the length (L).

The flag's length is one and a half times the width translating into an aspect ratio of 2:3. The background is vertically divided into two fundamental colors: dark green on the hoist side and scarlet red on the fly. The color division is made in such a way that green occupies two-fifths of the length and the remaining three-fifths are filled by red (ratio 2-3).^[1] A minor version of the national coat of arms (that is, without the laurel wreaths) — a white-bordered national shield resting on top of a black-highlighted yellow armillary sphere — is positioned over the border between the colors. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... The aspect ratio of a two-dimensional shape is the ratio of its longer dimension to its shorter dimension. ... Dark green is a dark version of the color green. ... Scarlet (from the Persian säqirlāt) is a red color with a hue that is somewhat toward the orange. ... The Coat of Arms of Portugal was officially adopted in 30 June 1911, along with the Republican Flag of Portugal. ... A laurel wreath decorating a memorial at the Folketing, the national parliament of Denmark. ... This article is about the color. ... This article is about the color. ... This article is about the color. ... Armillary sphere An armillary sphere (variations known as a spherical astrolabe, armilla, or armil) is a model of the celestial sphere, invented by the ancient Greek Eratosthenes in 255 BC. Its name comes from the Latin armilla (circle, bracelet), since it has a skeleton made of graduated metal circles linking...

The armillary sphere has a diameter equal to half the width and is equidistant from the upper and lower edges of the flag.^[1] The sphere, drawn in perspective, possesses six edge-embossed arcs, of which four are great circles and two are small circles. The great circles represent the ecliptic (wider oblique arc), the equator, and two meridians. The latter three are positioned so that the intersections between each two arcs make a right angle; one meridian lies on the flag's plane while the other is perpendicular to this plane. The small circles consist of two parallels (the tropics) each tangent to one of the ecliptic-meridian intersections.^[2] For the Brisbane bus routes known collectively as the Great Circle Line (598 & 599), see the following list of Brisbane Transport routes A great circle on a sphere A great circle is a circle on the surface of a sphere that has the same diameter as the sphere, dividing the... A small circle, of a sphere, is the circle constructed by a plane crossing the sphere not in its middle point. ... The plane of the ecliptic is well seen in this picture from the 1994 lunar prospecting Clementine spacecraft. ... World map showing the equator in red For other uses, see Equator (disambiguation). ... On the earth, a meridian is a north-south line between the North Pole and the South Pole. ... This article is about angles in geometry. ... On the Earth, a circle of latitude is an imaginary east-west circle that connects all locations with a given latitude. ... A tropic is either of two circles of latitude: Tropic of Cancer, at 23½°N Tropic of Capricorn, at 23½°S Tropic is also the name of a town in Utah, United States. ...

Vertically centered over the sphere is the national shield, a white-bordered curved-bottom ("Portuguese type") red shield charged with a white inescutcheon.^[3] Its height and width are, respectively, seven-tenths and six-tenths of the sphere's diameter. The shield is positioned in a way that its limits intersect the sphere:^[2] Escutcheon is the term used in heraldry for the shield displayed in a coat of arms. ...

• at the distal edge's inflection points of the Tropic of Cancer's posterior half and Tropic of Capricorn's anterior half (top and bottom);
• at the intersection of the lower edges of the ecliptic's posterior half and equator's anterior half (dexter or viewer's left side);
• at the intersection of the upper edge of the ecliptic's anterior half lower edge of the equator's posterior half (sinister or viewer's right side).

A curious aspect of the official design is the absence of a segment of the Tropic of Capricorn, between the national shield and the ecliptic arc.^[2] Plot of y = x3 with inflection point of (0,0). ... For the novel by Henry Miller, see Tropic of Cancer (novel). ... World map showing the Tropic of Capricorn For the novel by Henry Miller, see Tropic of Capricorn (novel). ... Dexter is the name of a number of places in the United States of America: Dexter, Alabama Dexter, Arkansas Dexter, Georgia Dexter, Illinois Dexter, Indiana Dexter, Iowa Dexter, Kansas Dexter, Kentucky Dexter, Maine Dexter, Michigan Dexter, Minnesota Dexter, Mississippi Dexter, Missouri Dexter, New Mexico Dexter, New York Dexter, North Carolina... Look up Sinister in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The white inescutcheon is itself charged with five smaller blue shields (escudetes or quinas) with their curved edges pointing down and arranged like a greek cross (1+3+1). Each quina holds five white bezants displayed in the form of a saltire (2+1+2). The red bordure is charged with seven yellow castles:^[3] three on the chief portion (one in each corner and one in the middle), two in the middle points of each quadrant of the curved base (rotated 45 degrees), and two more on each side of the bordure, over the flag's horizontal middle line. Each castle is composed by a base building, bearing a "closed" door (yellow-colored), on top of which stand three battlemented towers.^[2] This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bezant is a medieval name for a gold coin. ... For The Saltire (proper noun), see Flag of Scotland. ... In heraldry, a bordure is a border around a shield. ... We dont have an article called Chief (heraldry) Start this article Search for Chief (heraldry) in. ... It has been suggested that crenellation, crenel and merlon be merged into this article or section. ...

The flag's colors are not accurately specified in any legal document. Approximate colors are listed below:^[2]

This article is about the corporation and its color space. ... REDIRECT RGB color model ... Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ... Web colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. ...

Background

João Chagas, commissioner for the creation of the Flag.

Monument to the Restorers (Restauradores), in Lisbon, where the new national flag was raised for the first time.

With the Republican revolution of 5 October 1910, came the need to replace the monarchy's symbols, represented in the first instance by the national flag and anthem. The choice of the new flag was not without conflict, especially over the colors, as partisans of the republican red-and-green faced opposition from supporters of the traditional monarchical blue-and-white. Blue also carried a strong religious meaning as it was the color of Our Lady of the Conception (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Conceição), who was crowned Queen and Patroness of Portugal by King John IV, so the removal or substitution of this color was justified by Republicans as one of the many measures needed to secularize the state.^[4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... João Chagas João Pinheiro Chagas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1 September 1863 - Estoril, 28 May 1925), pron. ... Image File history File linksMetadata MonumentoRestauradoresLisboa. ... Image File history File linksMetadata MonumentoRestauradoresLisboa. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... The revolution of 1910 was a republican coup détat that occurred in Portugal on October 5, 1910, which deposed King Manuel II and established the Portuguese First Republic. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Hymno da Carta (Hino da Carta), officially proclaimed the national anthem of the Kingdom of Portugal in May 1834, was composed by King Pedro IV (also Emperor Pedro I of Brazil). ... Generally, patronage is the act of supporting or favoring some person, group, or institution. ... John IV of Portugal (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal pron. ... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ...

After much discussion and the presentation of many proposals,^[5] a governmental commission was set up on 15 October 1910, that included Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (painter), João Chagas (journalist), Abel Botelho (writer) and two military leaders of 1910: Ladislau Pereira and Afonso Palla.^[4] This commission ultimately chose the red and green of the Portuguese Republican Party, delivering an explanation purely based on patriotic motives,^[6] disguising the political significance behind the choice, as these were colors present on the banners of the rebellious, during the republican insurrection of 31 January 1891, in Porto, and during the monarchy-overthrowing revolution, in Lisbon.^[7] is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Self portrait, oil on canvas, undated Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (Lisbon, 21 November 1857- Lisbon 6 November 1929), who is usually referred to as Columbano, was a Portuguese painter. ... João Chagas João Pinheiro Chagas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1 September 1863 - Estoril, 28 May 1925), pron. ... Abel Acácio de Almeida Botelho (23 September 1855 – 1917), born in Tabuaço and deceased in Argentina, was a Portuguese military officer and diplomat, but distinguish himself as a writer. ... The Portuguese Republican Party (Portuguese: Partido Republicano Português, pron. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Oporto redirects here. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ...

About red, the commission considered it should "(…) be present as one of the main colors, because it is the battling, warm, virile color, par excellence. It is the color of conquest and laughter. A singing, burning, joyful color (…) Recalls the idea of blood and urges to achieve victory". An explanation for the inclusion of the green color was harder to come up with, given that it was not a traditional color of the Portuguese flag throughout its history. Eventually, it was justified on the grounds that, during the 1891 insurrection, this was the color present on the revolutionary flag that "sparkled the redeeming lightning" of republicanism. Finally, white (on the shield) represented "a beautiful and fraternal color, into which all other colors merge themselves, color of simplicity, of harmony and peace", adding that "(…) it is this same color that, charged with enthusiasm and faith by the red cross of Christ, marks the Discoveries epical cycle."^[6] Order of Christ Cross The Order of Christ Cross is the emblem of the historical Order of Christ, (also called Christs Knights Order), Portugal. ... See also: Age of Sail and Afro-Asiatic age of discovery For the computer wargame, Age of Discovery, see Global Diplomacy. ...

The manueline armillary sphere, which had been present on the national flag, under the reign of John VI, was revived because it consecrated the "Portuguese epic maritime history (…) the ultimate challenge, essential to our collective life.". The Portuguese shield was also incorporated, this time positioned over the armillary sphere. Its presence would eternalize the "human miracle of positive bravery, tenacity, diplomacy and audacity that managed to bind the first links of the Portuguese nation's social and political affirmation", since it is one of the "most vigorous symbols of the national identity and integrity".^[6] In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ... John VI, King of Portugal (13 May 1767 – 26 March 1826) KG KGF (Portuguese João, pron. ...

The new flag was produced in large numbers at the Cordoaria Nacional (English: National Ropehouse), and was officially presented nationwide, on 1 December 1910 (day of the restoration of independence), which had already been declared by the government as the "Flag Day" (currently not celebrated). In the capital, it was paraded from the city hall to the Restauradores (English: Restorers) Monument, where it was hoisted. This festive presentation did not disguise, however, the turmoil caused by a flag chosen without any popular consultation and that represented the political regime, instead of the nation. To encourage a greater acceptance of the new flag, the government issued all teaching establishments with one exemplar, whose symbols were to be explained to the students; textbooks were changed to intensively display these symbols. Also, 1 December ("Flag Day"), 31 January and 5 October were declared national holidays.^[7] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 5th October (Serbia). ... The word holiday has related but different meanings in English-speaking countries, with the exception of the United States where usage differs greatly. ...

Symbolism

The Portuguese flag displays three important symbols: the colors of the field, the armillary sphere and the national shield (these two make up the coat of arms).

Colors

The green and red colors that make up the background field hold a much more ambiguous and mysterious meaning than the most common explanations. These explanations arose during the Estado Novo period, the nationalist authoritarian regime that held power from 1933–1974, and claim that the green represented hope and the red represented the blood of those who died serving the nation.^[8] Some sources believe these noble meanings are far from being true and were nothing more than propaganda, to give an honorable justification to their choice.^[9] Estado Novo (Portuguese for New State; pron. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ...

Despite the fact that these two colors were never part of the national flag until 1910, they were displayed in several historical banners during important periods. John I's banner included a green Aviz cross on the red bordure. The red cross of the Order of Christ was used over a white field as a naval pennon during the Discoveries (also frequently on the sails); a green background version was a popular standard of the rebellious during the 1640 revolution that restored Portugal's independence from Spain.^[10] There are no registered sources to confirm that this was the origin of the republican colors; another explanation gives full credit to the flag that was hoisted on Porto's city hall during the 1891 insurrection. It consisted of a red field bearing a green disc and the inscription Centro Democrático Federal «15 de Novembro» (English: Federal Democratic Center «15 of November»), representing one of many masonry-inspired republican clubs.^[11] Over the following 20 years, the red-and-green was present on every republican item in Portugal.^[4] The red, inherited from the 1891 flag, stands for the color of the republican-inspired revolutionary, masonry, Green is the color Auguste Comte had destined to belong in the flags of the positivist nations, an ideal incorporated into the republican political matrix.^[4] Joao I KG (Portugues: João, IPA pron. ... Orders emblem The Military Order of Aviz (Ordem Militar de Aviz, Portuguese pron. ... Founded in 1318, the Military Order of Christ (Ordem dos Cavaleiros de Nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo) was the heritage of the Knights Templar in Portugal, after the suppression of the Templars in 1312. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Freemasons redirects here. ... Auguste Comte (full name: Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte; January 17, 1798 - September 5, 1857) was a French thinker who coined the term sociology. ... Positivism is a philosophy that states that the only authentic knowledge is knowledge that is based on actual sense experience. ...

Armillary sphere

Pillory on the Portuguese town of Constância, headed by an armillary sphere.

The armillary sphere was an important astronomical and navigational instrument for the Portuguese sailors who ventured onto unknown seas during the Age of Discoveries. It became the symbol of the most important period of the nation — the Portuguese discoveries — and that is why King Manuel I, who ruled during this period, incorporated the armillary sphere in his personal banner.^[12] It was simultaneously used as the ensign of ships plying the route between the metropolis and Brazil,^[12] becoming the symbol of the colony and a fulcral element of the flags of the Brazilian kingdom and empire. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 449 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1952 × 2608 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 449 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1952 × 2608 pixel, file size: 1. ... Coat of Arms Constância, is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 80. ... Armillary sphere An armillary sphere (variations known as a spherical astrolabe, armilla, or armil) is a model of the celestial sphere, invented by the ancient Greek Eratosthenes in 255 BC. Its name comes from the Latin armilla (circle, bracelet), since it has a skeleton made of graduated metal circles linking... For other uses, see Astronomy (disambiguation). ... This article is about determination of position and direction on or above the surface of the earth. ... See also Age of Sail. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... For other uses, see Metropolis (disambiguation). ... The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II. Founded in 1822, it was replaced by a republic in 1889. ...

Adding to the sphere's significance was its common use on every manueline-influenced architectural work, where it is one of the major stylistical elements, such as the Jerónimos Monastery and Belém Tower.^[13] In architecture, manueline is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. ... The Hieronymites Monastery (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, pron. ... Belém Tower Belém Tower, or Torre de Belém, is a 5-storey fortified lighthouse located in the Belém district of Lisbon, Portugal. ...

Portuguese shield

Current design of the Portuguese shield. It has been used on the flag since 1143, but in different formats and complexity differed.

On the top of the armillary sphere rests the Portuguese shield. It is present in almost every single historical flag (except during the reign of Afonso I). It is the prime Portuguese symbol as well as one of the oldest, with the first elements of today's shield appearing under the reign of Sancho I.^[14] The evolution of the nation's flag is inherently associated with the shield's evolution. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Afonso I, King of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... Sancho I, King of Portugal (pron. ...

Inside the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique".^[15] The story linked to this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (25 July 1139), an old hermit appeared before Count Afonso Henriques (the future Afonso I) as a divine messenger. He foretold Afonso's victory and assured him that God was watching over him and his peers. The messenger advised him to walk away from his camp, alone, if he heard a nearby chapel bell tolling, in the following night. In doing so, he witnessed an apparition of Jesus on the Cross. Ecstatic, Afonso heard Jesus promising victories for this and future battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso and his descendants to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands, choosing the Portuguese to perform great tasks.^[16] The Battle of Ourique took place in July 26, 1139, in the countryside outside the town of Ourique, present-day Alentejo (southern Portugal). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... July 26, Independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León and Castile declared after the Battle of Ourique against the Almoravids lead by Ali ibn Yusuf: Prince Afonso Henriques becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal, after assembling the first assembly of the estates-general of Portugal at Lamego, where... For other uses, see Hermit (disambiguation). ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...

Confident from this spiritual experience, Afonso won the battle against an outnumbering enemy. Legend has it that Afonso killed the five moorish kings of the Seville, Badajoz, Elvas, Évora and Beja taifas, before decimating the enemy troops. Hence, in gratitude, he incorporated five shields (the quinas) arranged in a cross — representing his divinely-led victory over the five enemy kings — with each one carrying Christ's five wounds in the form of silver bezants. The sum of all bezants (doubling the ones in the central quina) would give thirty, symbolizing Judas Iscariot's thirty pieces of silver.^[16] For other uses, see moor. ... For other uses, see Seville (disambiguation). ... Location Badajoz, Spain location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Badajoz (Spanish) Spanish name Badajoz Founded 875 Area code 34 (Spain) + 924 (Badajoz) Website http://www. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region {{{Region}}}  - Subregion {{{Subregion}}}  - District or A.R. Portalegre Mayor José Almeida  - Party PS Area 631. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Alentejo  - Subregion Alentejo Central  - District or A.R. Évora Mayor Ernesto Oliveira  - Party PS Area 1,307. ... Beja can refer to: The Beja people, an ethnic group in the Horn of Africa The Beja language Beja, Portugal Béja, Tunisia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The term taifa in the history of Iberia refers to an independent Muslim-ruled principality, an emirate or petty kingdom, of which a number formed in Spain (Arabic: Al-Andalus) after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031. ... For other senses of this word, see stigma and stigmata (disambiguation). ... Iscariot redirects here. ...

The miracle of Ourique by Domingos Sequeira (1763).

However, evidence pointing out that the number of bezants on each quina was greater than five, during long periods following Afonso I's reign,^[15] as well as the fact that only in the 15th century was this legend registered on a chronicle by Fernão Lopes (1419),^[17] helps support this explanation as one of pure myth with doubtful veracity and highly charged with patriotic feeling (the idea that the nation was born by divine intervention and was destined for great things). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Domingos António de Sequeira ( Lisbon, 10 March,1768 - Rome, 8 March, 1837), was a Portuguese painter, born in Belém, Lisbon, from a modest family. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ...

The seven castles are traditionally considered a symbol of the Portuguese victories over their Moorish enemies, under Afonso III, who supposedly captured seven enemy fortresses in the course of his conquest of the Algarve in 1249. Yet, this is nothing more than popular belief because this king did not have seven castles on his banner, but an unspecified number. Some reconstructions display about sixteen castles; this number changed to nine in 1385, and was only fixed at seven in 1485. An hypothesis about the origin of the castles on a red bordure lies in the connection of Afonso III with Castile (his mother and second wife), whose arms consisted of a yellow castle on a red field.^[18] Afonso III of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal. ... Coat of arms Kingdom of Castile in the 15th century. ... Urraca of Castile (1186 – 1220) was a daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonora of England. ... Beatrice of Castile (1242 - 1303) was the second Queen consort of Afonso III of Portugal. ...

Evolution

Since the foundation of Portugal, the national flag was always linked to the royal arms and, up until 1640, there was no official distinction between both.^[19] It evolved in a way that gradually incorporated most of the symbols present on the current coat of arms.

1095–1248

Count Henry (1095).

King Afonso I (1143).

King Sancho I (1185).

The first heraldic symbol that can be associated with what would become the Portuguese nation was on the shield used by Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal since 1095, during his battles with the Moors. This shield consisted of a blue cross over a white field.^[20] Nevertheless, this design has no reliable sources since it is a reconstruction that became popular and widely accepted thanks to the nationalistic purposes of the Estado Novo regime.^[7] It has resemblances with the old naval flag of Corunha, in nearby Galiza, derived from the cross of Saint Andrew, and itself the basis for present-day national flag of Galiza^[21]. Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1095. ... Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1095. ... Henry of Burgundy (1066–1112) was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. ... Image File history File links FIAV_reconstructed. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Afonso I, King of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_reconstructed. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1185. ... Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1185. ... Sancho I, King of Portugal (pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_reconstructed. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Henry of Burgundy (1066–1112) was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. ... History of Portugal series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383–1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian... For other uses, see moor. ...

Henry's son Afonso Henriques succeeded him in the county and took on the same shield. In 1139, despite being outnumbered, he defeated an army of Almoravid Moors at the Battle of Ourique and proclaimed himself Afonso I, King of Portugal, in front of his troops. Following the León official recognition in 1143, Afonso changed his shield in order to reflect his new political status. Sources state he charged the cross with five sets of eleven silver bezants (most likely large-headed silver nails), one set on the center and one on each arm, symbolizing Afonso's newly-gained right to issue currency.^[22][20] Alfonso I Henriques of Portugal (Guimarães, 1109, traditionally July 25, – 1185), also known as the Conqueror, was the first king of Portugal, declaring his independence from Leon_Castile, a deed often identifying the Condado Portucalense as the first nation_based state of Europe. ... Almoravides (From Arabic المرابطون sing. ... The Battle of Ourique took place in July 26, 1139, in the countryside outside the town of Ourique, present-day Alentejo (southern Portugal). ... This is a List of Portuguese monarchs from the independence of Portugal from Castile in 1139, to the beginning of the Republic in October 5, 1910. ... Coat of arms Kingdom of León, 1030 Capital León Language(s) Mainly Latin and Astur-Leonese. ...

During the reign of Afonso I, it was not usual to repair battle damages inflicted on the shield, so changes such as loss of pieces, color shifting or stains were very common. When Sancho I succeeded his father Afonso I in 1185, he inherited a very worn off shield — the blue-stained leather that made the cross had been lost except where the bezants (nails) held it in place. This involuntary degradation was the basis for the next step on the evolution of the national coat of arms, where a plain blue cross transformed into a compound cross of five blue bezant-charged escutcheons — the quinas were thus born.^[22][20] Sancho's personal shield (called "Portugal ancien"^[14]) consisted of a white field with a compound cross of five quinas (each one charged with eleven silver bezants) with the bottom edges of the lateral ones facing towards the center. Both Sancho's son Afonso II and grandson Sancho II used these arms,^[20] as it was usual with direct succession lines (cadency system). A new modification of the royal arms was made when Sancho II's younger brother became king in 1248. Afonso II of Portugal (English Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), known as the Fat (Port. ... Sancho II of Portugal, the Pious (Port. ... In heraldry, cadency is any systematic way of distinguishing similar coats of arms belonging to members of the same family. ...

1248–1495

King Afonso III (1248).

King John I (1385).

King John II (1485).

Afonso III of Portugal was not the eldest son, therefore heraldic practices stated he should not take his father's arms without adding a personal variation. Before becoming king, Afonso was married to Matilda II of Boulogne but her inability to provide him with a royal heir led Afonso to divorce her in 1253. He then married Beatrice of Castile, an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X of Castile. It is more likely that it was this family connection with Castile (his mother was also Castilian) that justified the new heraldic addition to the royal arms — a red bordure charged with an undetermined number of yellow castles — rather than the definitive conquest of the Algarve and its Moorish fortresses, considering that the number of castles was only fixed in the late 16th century. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Afonso III of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_reconstructed. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1385. ... Image File history File links PortugueseFlag1385. ... Joao I KG (Portugues: João, IPA pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... John II of Portugal João II of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Afonso III of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ... Matilda II of Boulogne was sovereign Countess of Boulogne from 1216 to ca. ... Beatrice of Castile (1242 - 1303) was the second Queen consort of Afonso III of Portugal. ... Alfonso X and his court. ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal. ...

The inner portion contained the arms of Sancho I, although the number of bezants varied between seven, eleven and sixteen (the latter number was used on Afonso's personal standard while he was still Count of Boulogne).^[20] This same design was used by the Portuguese kings until the end of the first dynasty in 1383; a succession crisis put the country at war with Castile and left it without a ruler for two years. Boulogne-sur-Mer became the centre of the County of Boulogne in the 9th century. ... The House of Burgundy (or Afonsine House) was the first dynasty of Kings of Portugal. ... The 1383–1385 crisis is a period of civil war and anarchy in Portuguese history that began with the death of King Fernando I of Portugal, who left no male heirs, and ended with the accession to the throne of King João I in 1385, in the wake of...

In 1385, in the wake of the Battle of Aljubarrota, a second dynasty was founded when John, Master of the Order of Aviz and illegitimate son of King Peter I, acceded to the throne as John I. To his personal banner, John I added his Order's fleur-de-lys cross, displayed as green flowery points on the red bordure; this inclusion reduced the number of castles to twelve (three around each corner). The number of bezants in each escutcheon was reduced from eleven to seven.^[20] This banner lasted a hundred years until John I's great-grandson John II restyled it in 1485, introducing important changes — the removal of the Aviz cross, a downward arrangement and edge-smoothing of the quinas, and the definitive fixing of five saltire-arranged bezants in each quina and seven castles on the bordure (as it is currently).^[23] John II's banner was the last armorial square banner used as the "national" flag or standard.^[20] Following his death in 1495, radical changes were made by his successor. Belligerents Portugal with English allies Castile with Portuguese and French allies Commanders John I of Portugal Nuno Álvares Pereira John I of Castile Strength 6,500 men 31,000 men The Battle of Aljubarrota (pronounced ) took place on August 14, 1385, between the forces commanded by King John I of... The House of Aviz is a dynasty of kings of Portugal. ... Orders emblem The Military Order of Aviz (Ordem Militar de Aviz, Portuguese pron. ... Pedro I of Portugal (pron. ... Joao I KG (Portugues: João, IPA pron. ... Fleur de Lys is a Canadian superheroine created in 1984 by Mark Shainblum and Gabriel Morrissette. ... John II of Portugal João II of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ...

1495–1667

King Manuel I (1495).

King Sebastian (1577).

King John IV (1640).

John II was succeeded by his first cousin Manuel I in 1495. This king was the first to convert the traditional square armorial banner into a rectangular (2:3) field with the coat of arms on its center. Specifically, the flag was now a white rectangle centrally charged with the coat of arms (bearing eleven castles) on an ogival or heater-shaped shield and surmounted by an open royal crown.^[20] This flag was used exclusively as the kingdom's banner since Manuel I possessed a personal standard which included the armillary sphere for the first time.^[24] Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Sebastian I, King of Portugal the Desired (in Portuguese, Sebastião I, pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... John IV of Portugal (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... An ogive is a curved shape, figure, or feature. ... Heraldry displaying heater-shield escutcheons The heater shield is a form of shield characterized by its distinctive shape. ...

In 1577, during the reign of Sebastian and on the eve of the fatal Battle of Alcácer Quibir, the flag was again modified. The number of castles was permanently fixed at seven and the royal crown was converted into a closed three-arched crown, which symbolized a stronger royal authority.^[20] With Sebastião's death and the short-lived reign of his great-uncle Cardinal Henry, in 1580, a dynastic crisis was solved with the Spanish king Philip II acceding to the Portuguese throne as Philip I, installing a Spanish dynasty. The accession was made on the condition that Portugal was ruled as a separate, autonomous state, not as a province. This was fulfilled as Portugal and Spain formed a personal union under Philip I and his successors. A consequence of this administrative situation was the maintenance of the flag created under Sebastian's reign as the Portuguese national flag, while Spain had its own.^[20] As the ruling house in Portugal, the Habsburg banner also included the Portuguese arms.^[25] Sebastian I, King of Portugal the Desired (in Portuguese, Sebastião I, pron. ... Combatants Portugal Kingdom of Morocco Commanders Sebastian I of Portugal † Abu Abdallah Mohammed II † Abd Al-Malik † Strength 23,000 60,000 Casualties 8,000 dead 15,000 captured Unknown The Battle of Alcácer Quibir (variant spellings are legion: Alcácer-Quivir, Al Quasr al-kibr, Alcazarquivir, Alcassar and... Henry, the cardinal-king or Henrique (in Portuguese) the Chaste (Port. ... History of Portugal series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383–1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian... This is a list of Spanish monarchs—that is, rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word. ... Philip II (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord of the Seventeen Provinces (holding various titles for the individual territories... The Philippine House or House of Habsburg is the third dynasty of Kings of Portugal named after the three Spanish kings who ruled over Portugal from Madrid between 1580 and 1640. ... It has been suggested that Dynastic union be merged into this article or section. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ...

The country regained its independence from Spain in 1640, in a coup d'état that placed on the throne John, Duke of Bragança, as King John IV. Under his rule, the national flag was slightly changed — the ogival shield became a rounded one (so-called "Portuguese type" shield). It was from this reign forward that the royal arms and the kingdom's arms became separate banners.^[20] Coup redirects here. ... The Duchy of Bragança or Braganza is one of the most important titles of the Portuguese Royal Family. ... John IV of Portugal (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal pron. ...

1667–1830

King Peter II (1667).

King John V (1707).

King John VI (1816).

When Afonso VI's younger brother Peter II replaced him on the throne in 1667, he adapted the flag's crown to fit the contemporary trends by transforming it into a five-arched crown.^[26] The new flag did not remain unchanged for too long, as it was refurbished by Peter's son John V, after he took the throne in 1707. Heavily influenced by the luxurious and ostentatious court of the French king Louis XIV, and by France's political and cultural impact in Europe, John V wanted to transpose such style into the country's coat of arms — a red beret was added under the crown and the rounded shield was converted to a samnitic ("French type") shield. Instated by an absolute monarch like John V, this flag endured through almost the entire absolutist period in Portugal — John V (1707–1750), Joseph I (1750–1777) and Maria I (1777–1816).^[20] Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Peter II (Portuguese Pedro, pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links Flag_Portugal_(1707). ... Image File history File links Flag_Portugal_(1707). ... John V, King of Portugal (Portuguese João pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... John VI, King of Portugal (13 May 1767 – 26 March 1826) KG KGF (Portuguese João, pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... Afonso VI, King of Portugal (Portuguese pron. ... Peter II (Portuguese Pedro, pron. ... John V, King of Portugal (Portuguese João pron. ... Coronation of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile at Reims in 1223; a miniature from the Grandes Chroniques de France, painted in the 1450s, kept at the National Library of France See also List of Queens and Empresses of France The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Basque style beret Black beret with military emblem A beret (pronounced pronounced in French or [ˈbÉ›reɪ] in English[1], except in the USA, where it is usually pronounced [bəˈreɪ][2]) is a soft round cap, usually of wool felt, with a flat crown, which is worn by both... Absolute monarchy is an idealized form of government, a monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule his or her country and citizens freely with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition telling him or her what to do, although some religious authority may be able to discourage the... Joseph I (Portuguese José, pron. ... Maria I of Portugal (pron. ...

At the time of Queen Maria's death, the royal family was living in Brazil, having fled from Portugal after it was invaded by Napoleon's imperial army in 1807. The Portuguese colony had been elevated to kingdom in 1815, and in doing so the ruler began using the title of monarch "of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves". Maria I's son John VI changed the nation's flag to reflect this new union — the coat of arms, whose shield became rounded again, now rested upon a blue-filled yellow armillary sphere (arms of Brazil) surmounted by the same beret-bearing five-arched crown.^[20] Apart from the crown and white background, this flag is similar to the current one. Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... John VI, King of Portugal (13 May 1767 – 26 March 1826) KG KGF (Portuguese João, pron. ... The Coat of Arms of Brazil was created in November 19, 1889, 4 days after Brazil became a republic. ...

1830–1910

Queen Maria II (1830).

Queen Maria II (1830).

John VI died in Lisbon in 1826. His elder son Peter, who had declared the independence of Brazil, in 1822, becoming Emperor Peter I, succeeded on the Portuguese throne as Peter IV. Because the new Brazilian constitution did not allow further personal unions of Portugal and Brazil, Peter abdicated the Portuguese crown in favor of his elder daughter Maria da Glória, who became Maria II of Portugal. She was only seven years old, so Peter stated she would marry his brother Miguel who would act as regent. However, in 1828, Miguel deposed Maria and proclaimed himself king, abolishing the 1822 liberal constitution and ruling as an absolute monarch. This started the period of the Liberal Wars.^[27] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Maria II, Queen of Portugal, (pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111000. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Maria II, Queen of Portugal, (pron. ... Image File history File links FIAV_historical. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil (pron. ... Maria II, Queen of Portugal, (pron. ... Miguel I, King of Portugal/pron. ... Regent, from the Latin, a person selected to administer a state because the ruler is a minor or is not present or debilitated. ... Pedro IV of Portugal, I of Brazil Miguel I of Portugal The Liberal Wars, also known as the Portuguese Civil War, the War of the Two Brothers, or Miguelite War, was a war between progressive constitutionalists and authoritarian absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834. ...

The liberals formed a separate government exiled on the Azorian island of Terceira. It was this government that issued two decrees establishing modifications to the national flag. While supporters of usurper King Miguel I still upheld the flag established by John VI, the liberal supporters imposed important changes on it. The background was equally divided along its length into blue (hoist) and white (fly); the armillary sphere (associated with Brazil) was removed and the coat of arms was centered over the color boundary; and the shield reverted to the "French type" shape of John V. This new flag configuration was decreed solely for terrestrial use, but a variation of it was used as the national ensign. This ensign differed in the way the colors occupied the background (blue 1/3, white 2/3) with a consequent positional shift of the arms.^[20] Motto (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem  (national)  (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy 1976  Area  -  Total 2,333 km² (n/a) 911 sq mi... Terceira Island (pron. ... Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ...

With the defeat and exile of Miguel, in 1834, Queen Maria II was reinstated and the standard of the victorious side was hoisted in Lisbon as the new national flag. It would survive for 80 years, witnessing the last period of the Portuguese monarchy until its abolition in 1910. Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ...

Flag legislation

Protocol

Flag hoisted at the Portuguese Parliament, in Lisbon.

Flag hoisted at the Castle of São Jorge.

The constitutional legislation concerning the use of the national flag is rather scarce and incomplete. In some cases, it still dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. The regulations for its military and naval use, however, are more recent and complete.^[28] Image File history File linksMetadata Assembleia_Republica_Portugal_2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Assembleia_Republica_Portugal_2. ... São Bento Palace, home of the Portuguese Parliament. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Castelo_Sao_Jorge_Lisboa_2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Castelo_Sao_Jorge_Lisboa_2. ... Castle of São Jorge overlooking Lisbon. ...

A revision of the decree no. 150, published in 30 March 1987, states that the flag is to be hoisted from 9:00 a.m. to sunset (during the night, it must be properly lighted), on Sundays and national holidays, throughout the entire national territory. It can also be displayed on days where official ceremonies or other solemn public sessions are held — in this case, the flag is hoisted on-site. The flag can be hoisted in other days if it is considered appropriate by the central government, or by other regional or local governing bodies, or by heads of private institutions. It must follow the official design standard and be preserved in good condition.^[28] is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1987. ...

On the headquarter buildings of sovereign bodies, the flag can stay hoisted on a daily basis. It can also be hoisted on civilian and military national monuments; on public buildings associated with the central, regional or local administration; and on headquarters of public corporations and institutions. Citizens and private institutions can also display it, on the condition that they respect the relevant legal procedures. In the facilities of nationally-based international organizations or in the case of international meetings, the flag is hoisted according to the protocol used on those situations.^[28]

If national mourning is declared, the flag will be flown at half-staff during the fixed amount of days; any flag hoisted along with it will be flown in the same manner.^[28] Margaret of Spain, Empress of Austria, in Mourning, 1666; note the children and servants in mourning dress behind her. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ...

When unfurled in the presence of other flags, the national flag must not have smaller dimensions and must be situated in a prominent, honorable place, according to the relevant protocol:^[28]

• Two flagpoles — right pole viewed by a person facing the exterior;
• Three flagpoles — central pole;
• More than three flagpoles:

• Within a building — if odd number of poles, central pole; if even number, first pole on the right of the central point;
• Outside a building — always the rightmost pole;

If flagpoles are not level, the flag must occupy the highest pole. The poles should be placed in honorable locations of the ground, building façades and roofs. On public acts where the flag is not hoisted, it can be suspended from a distinct spot, but never used as decoration, covering or for any purpose that can diminish its dignity.^[28]

Penalties

An early decree, from December 28, 1910, established that "any person who, through speech, published writings or any other public act, shows lack of respect to the national flag, which is the motherland's symbol, will be sentenced to a three to twelve-month prison term with corresponding fine and, in case of relapse, will be sentenced to exile, as stated in the 62nd article of the Penal Code". In its 332nd article, the current penal code punishes infractors with a prison sentence of up to two years or a fine of up to 240 days. In case the offense is directed towards regional symbols, these previously mentioned penalties are applied with only half the duration.^[29] is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Criminal Code. ...

Other flags

Besides the state and civil flag, Portugal has a specific war flag which represents the national military forces on land (note, however, that it is the state flag, and not the war flag, that is flown on military buildings and facilities. The war flag is mostly used on parades). A war flag (or military flag) is a variant of a national flag for use by the nations military forces on land. ...

Other flag variants are used by different high-ranked state offices connected to the government and the armed forces: The Portuguese Armed Forces (Portuguese: Forças Armadas Portuguesas) are divided into three branches: Army (Exército Português) Navy (Marinha Portuguesa or Armada Portuguesa) Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa) In the 20th century, Portugal had only two major military interventions, the first one in the 1st World...

War flag

The national standard used by the Portuguese Armed Forces (Portuguese: Forças Armadas Portuguesas) differs from the one used as civil flag, state flag, and national ensign. The military, also adopted in 1911, is a rectangle measuring 1.20 metres (3.94 ft) in width and 1.30 metres (4.26 ft) in length (ratio 12:13). Green and red, are positioned at the hoist and fly, respectively, but occupy the background field in an equal manner (1–1). Centered over the color boundary lies the "major" version of the coat of arms — the armillary sphere and Portuguese shield are enclosed by two yellow laurel shoots intersecting at their stems and bound by a white scroll bearing the verse by Luís de Camões "Esta é a ditosa pátria minha amada" (English: "This is my beloved fortunate motherland") as the motto. The sphere's outer diameter is ⅓ of the width and lies 35 centimetres (14 in) from the upper edge and 45 centimetres (18 in) from the lower edge.^[1] When used as the "color" of a military unit, it is a gold-fringed 1.25 metres (4.10 ft) square placed on a lance-pointed staff engraved with the unit's name (or abbreviation), and adorned with red, green and golden tassels.^[30] The Portuguese Armed Forces (Portuguese: Forças Armadas Portuguesas) are divided into three branches: Army (Exército Português) Navy (Marinha Portuguesa or Armada Portuguesa) Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa) In the 20th century, Portugal had only two major military interventions, the first one in the 1st World... Binomial name Laurus nobilis L. The Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae), also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, or just Laurel, is an evergreen tree or large shrub reaching 10–18 m tall, native to the Mediterranean region. ... For other uses, see Scroll (disambiguation). ... Monument to Luís de Camões, Lisbon Luís Vaz de Camões (pron. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... // Origins The practice of carrying standards, to act both as a rallying point for troops, and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Egypt some 5,000 years ago. ... The term lance has become a catchall for a variety of different pole weapons based on the spear. ... For other uses, see hilt and maize. ...

Naval jack

Naval jack (1911–).

The Portuguese naval jack (jaco or jaque) is only hoisted at the prow of docked or anchored Navy ships, from sunrise to sunset. The national flag is permanently hoisted at the stern, when sailing, and from sunrise to sunset, when docked.^[31] It is a square flag (ratio 1:1) bearing a green-bordered red field with the minor coat of arms on the center. The width of the green border and the diameter of the armillary sphere are equal to 1/8 and 3/7 of the side's dimension, respectively.^[1] Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_Portugal. ... Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_Portugal. ... Flags are particularly important at sea, where they can mean the difference between life and death, and consequently where the rules and regulations for the flying of flags are strictly enforced. ... Prow, the fore part of a ship, the stem and its surrounding parts, hence used like keel, by metonymy, of the ship itself. ... Portuguese naval jack The Portuguese Navy (Portuguese: Marinha Portuguesa, also known as Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa or as Armada Portuguesa) is the naval branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in cooperation with the other branches of the Portuguese military, is charged with the defence of Portugal. ... {{dablink|For other meanings, see Stern (disambiguation). ...

Governmental flags

Some high-ranked officials of the Portuguese State have the privilege to display a personal flag representative of their position. The President of Portugal (Portuguese: Presidente da República) uses a flag largely similar to the national flag, except for having dark green as the only background color.^[32] It is usually hoisted at the President's official residence, the Palace of Belém, as well as on the presidential car, as small-sized flags. The flag of the Prime-Minister is a white rectangle (ratio 2:3) with a dark green saltire, holding the minor coat of arms on its center, and a red bordure charged with a pattern of yellow laurel leaves. Other ministerial flags do not possess the red bordure.^[32] The flag of the Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República) is also a white rectangle (ratio 2:3) with a centrally positioned minor coat of arms and a dark green bordure.^[33] Categories: Lists of office-holders | Portugal | Presidents of Portugal ... Main façade of the Palácio Nacional de Belém. ... Prime Ministers of the Constitutional Monarchy (1834-1910) First Republic Military Dictatorship Estado Novo Third Republic See also: List of Presidents of Portugal, Politics of Portugal, Lists of incumbents This article contains content from HierarchyPedia article Prime Minister of Portugal, used here under the GNU Free Documentation License. ... São Bento Palace, home of the Portuguese Parliament. ...

President of the Republic	Assembly of the Republic	Prime Minister	Minister

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Portuguese_Assembly_of_the_Republic. ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Portugal | Presidents of Portugal ... São Bento Palace, home of the Portuguese Parliament. ... José Sócrates, the current Prime Minister of Portugal. ... A minister can mean several things: A government minister is a politician who heads a government ministry A minister of religion is a member of the clergy A minister is the rank of diplomat directly below ambassador This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that...

See also

• List of Portuguese flags

This is a list of flags used in Portugal. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... RTP headquarters in Cabo Ruivo, Lisbon. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Coelho, Trindade (1908). Manual político do cidadão portuguêz, 2nd ed. (in Portuguese), Porto: Emprésa Litteraria e Typographica. OCLC 6129820. 
• Pinheiro, Columbano Bordalo [1910]. Bandeira Nacional: Modelo approvado pelo Governo Provisorio da Republica Portuguesa, 1st ed. (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional. OCLC 24780919. 

The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ... Self portrait, oil on canvas, undated Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (Lisbon, 21 November 1857- Lisbon 6 November 1929), who is usually referred to as Columbano, was a Portuguese painter. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Flags of Portugal

• Portugal at Flags of the World
• (Portuguese) Presidency of the Republic — Official portal
• (Portuguese) Museum of the Presidency of the Republic

The list of unrecognized countries enumerates those geo-political entities which lack general diplomatic recognition, but wish to be recognized as sovereign states. ...  Southwest Asia in most contexts. ... The borders of the continents are the limits of the several continents of the Earth, as defined by various geographical, cultural, and political criteria. ...  The North American plate, shown in brown The North American Plate is a tectonic plate covering most of North America, extending eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and westward to the Cherskiy Range in East Siberia. ...  The African plate, shown in pinkish-orange The African Plate is a tectonic plate covering the continent of Africa and extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ...