Flag of Romania

Use	National flag and ensign.
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	1866 July 16, 1994
Design	A vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red.

The national flag of Romania is a vertical tricolor of blue, yellow, and red. The colors stand for the three historical provinces of Romania. The current design was officially adopted in 1994 but has been in use since 1989. The first flag dates from 1834 but the colours by themselves have held special significance ever since the sixth century. Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... The Dannebrog, national flag of Denmark, is the oldest state flag still in use. ... Image File history File links FIAV_111111. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... French tricolour flag A tricolour is a flag or banner having three colours, usually in approximately equal size (horizontally or vertically) and lacking additional symbols. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... A yellow Tulip. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... Tricolour - a flag or banner having three colours Tricolor (ship) - a ship that sunk in the English Channel This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... A yellow Tulip. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... (5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Persia by the Persian Shah Khosrau I. Irish colonists and invaders, the Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known as Scotland) Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland founded...

During the reign of the Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza and the first years of the reign of Carol I the colours were displayed horizontally, in the following order, from top to bottom: blue, yellow, red. Also it bore the coat of arms in use at that time in the center of the flag. Alexander John (Alexandru Ioan) Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (March 20, 1820, Galaţi - May 15, 1873, Heidelberg), known more commonly in English as Alexander John Cuza, was the ruler (1859-1866) of the United Principalites of Romania. ... Carol I, original name Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (April 20, 1839 - October 10, 1914) was elected Domnitor (prince) of Romania in April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza, and proclaimed king on March 26, 1881. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... A yellow Tulip. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... Coat of Arms of Romania The Coat of Arms of Romania consists of an eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a sword in its claws. ...

[edit] Design and symbolism

The current form of the flag was officially established by Law no. 75^[1] passed by the Romanian Government in July 1994. Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

This form had been in use ever since December 27, 1989, days after the Romanian Revolution took place. December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... People on the streets of Bucharest The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and protests in late December of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. ...

[edit] Official design

The national flag of Romania is a tricolour consisting of three vertical colour bands (pales) of equal width: blue (hoist side), yellow, and red. The flag ratio is 2:3 (height/width), with the three colours each taking one third of the space. French tricolour flag A tricolour is a flag or banner having three colours, usually in approximately equal size (horizontally or vertically) and lacking additional symbols. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ...

[edit] Flag colours

The exact colours are defined by Romanian Law no. 75 as being "cobalt blue, chrome yellow and vermilion red". These are not actually colours but pigments ie. chemical substances used for coloring. They are thus unsuitable for digital use. Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ...

Note: Obtaining digital colour values from these pigments is a very subjective and complicated process. The only known reliable source of digital values for the Romanian flag is the "Album des Pavillons" book,^[2] quoted by "Flags of the World",^[3] which lists Pantone and CMYK colour codes, obtained by visual matching against new flags in natural sunlight. The following colours are those obtained from that source.

Please remember that these codes are not by any means absolute. In particular, it is recommended that you avoid using charts that claim to offer Pantone-to-digital conversions, since they are subjective as well. If you need digital colour codes, use the CMYK codes offered by the book mentioned above instead, since they are the closest thing to a reliable source. For the record label, see Pantone Music. ... Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ...

For the record label, see Pantone Music. ... Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ... REDIRECT RGB color model ... Look up web in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

[edit] Meaning of the colours

The three colours stand for the three historical provinces of Romania, as a symbol of unity: Transylvania, Ţara Românească(also called Muntenia) and Moldova. Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ...

Each colour, by itself, held important significance throughout history in one of the provinces. Their eventual unification within the national flag was a natural development.

The shape of the flag, similar to that of the French and Italian flags, may refelect - though this was never officially stated - the strong pro-French tradition in Romania, and the tendency of Romanian Nationalism to emphasize the country's Latin culture, setting it apart from its East European environment and creating a link with other countries of latin-derived languges. For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

[edit] Flag Day

Flag Day (Ziua Tricolorului) is held on June 26 and constitutes an annual holiday in Romania.^[6] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Following is a list of holidays in Romania. ...

[edit] History

[edit] 6th century: Dacia Justinianus

One of the very first occurrences of the three official colours of today dates back to the Novella XI, issued on April 14, 535 by Emperor Justinian I. Among other things, it describes what was called "Justinian Dacia" (Banat and part of Oltenia) at the time, and contains a coat of arms for it. This article is about the Roman emperor. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Location of Banat in Europe Map of the Banat region with largest cities shown The Banat (Romanian: Banat, Serbian: Банат or Banat, Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság, German: Banat, Slovak: Banát, Bulgarian: Банат) is a geographical and historical region of Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the... Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted Oltenia or Lesser Wallachia is a historical province of Romania. ...

"Ex parte dextra, in prima divisione, scutum rubrum, in cuius medis videtur turris, significans utramque Daciam, in secunda divisione, scutum coelesti, cum (signum) tribus Burris, quarum duae e lateribus albae sunt, media vero aurea."

Translation: "On the right, in the first section, a red shield, on which towers can be seen, signifying the other Dacia, in the second section, a blue-sky shield, with the ensigns of the Bur tribe, the sides are white, and golden in the middle."

The Burs were a Germanic tribe living in Dacia in the first and second centuries of the Common Era. ...

[edit] 9th-19th centuries

The three official colours were encountered again after the IX-th century, when the Romanian people is considered to have formed. The colours made various appearances in the flags of the various Romanian principalities and noble houses, as chosen by rulers or nobility.

While the three colours were only used together coincidentally, it is a fact that each of them, by itself, held very important significance in the three historical provices of Romania.

The principality of Moldova used a red flag almost continuously starting from the XIV-th century. Similarly, Muntenia (or Ţara Românească) used flags which contained yellow or white starting with the XVI-th century. And while Romanians in Transylvania were not allowed to use a flag due to systematic oppression (see Unio Trium Nationum,1438), the Romanian noble families used sky-blue exclusively as the shield colour for their coats of arms. Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ...

[edit] 1600: the first unification

In 1600, prince Michael the Brave briefly managed to unite all three Romanian provinces, a historical feat which inspired many of the following nationalistic movements. As ruler of Wallachia and Transylvania, he managed to defeat the Moldovan army on May 18, 1600, and effectively united for the first time the three parts of today's Romania. 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Engraving of Michael the Brave Mihai Viteazu redirects here. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

This state of affairs didn't last long due to the instability of the region which culminated with the assassination of Michael the Brave in 1601. Still, the three colours were used during 1599-1601 on diplomas issued by Michael's administration as a sign of appreciation to the various nobles who supported him. Over 20 diplomas have been recovered, which contain the three colours together on the crests and shields. Events February 8 - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Elizabeth I of England - revolt is quickly crushed February 25 - Robert Devereux beheaded Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China Bad harvest in Russia due to rainy summer Dutch troops drive Portuguese from Málaga Battle of Kinsale, Ireland Births...

[edit] 1821: the Anti-phanariotes revolution

During the anti-phanariotes revolution of 1821, the three colours were displayed together on the flag used by Tudor Vladimirescu, the leader of the Wallachian uprising. While the main colour of the flag was white, the hoist had three sets of tassels, combining the red, blue and yellow colours two by two. An image of the extravagance attributed to Phanariotes in Wallachia: Nicholas Mavrogenes riding through Bucharest in a deer-drawn carriage (late 1780s) Phanariotes, Phanariots, or Phanariote Greeks (Greek: Φαναριώτες, Romanian: FanarioÅ£i) were members of those prominent Greek families residing in Phanar[1] (Φανάρι, modern Fener),[2] the chief Greek quarter of... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Tudor Vladimirescu (1780, Vladimiri - 27 May 1821 Târgovişte) was a Romanian revolutionary hero and the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821. ...

[edit] 1834: the first flag

The first official acknowledgement of the three colours together on the flag took place in 1834, during the ruling of Dimitrie Ghica, when the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire approved the adoption of a flag with the three colours placed horizontally (with blue at the bottom) and an eagle holding a crown and sceptre on yellow, for the use of all Romanian commercial and military units and ships. Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Dimitrie Ghica (1816-1897) was the Prime Minister of Romania as a representative of the Conservatory Party between 1868 and 1870. ... “Ottoman” redirects here. ...

This was the first official union of the three colours, and while it didn't hold a nationalistic meaning at the time, it was later taken as a symbol for the following nationalistic movements.

[edit] 1848: the revolution

1848 poster of the revolution displaying the flag

During the Revolutions of 1848, the newly formed Romanian Government stated in its Decree no. 1, from June 14, 1848, and later detailed in Decree no. 252, July 13, 1848, that the official flag was to be composed of three colours: "dark blue, light yellow and crimson red". The flag had vertical colours with blue at the hoist, and bore the inscription "Justice, Fraternity". This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... (Redirected from 1848 Revolution) —Alexis de Tocqueville, Recollections The European Revolutions of 1848, in some countries known as the Spring of Nations, were the bloody consequences of a variety of changes that had been taking place in Europe in the first half of the 19th century. ... (Redirected from 1848 Revolution) —Alexis de Tocqueville, Recollections The European Revolutions of 1848, in some countries known as the Spring of Nations, were the bloody consequences of a variety of changes that had been taking place in Europe in the first half of the 19th century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Horizontal colours had been used that same year at the National Assemblies at Blaj, on the Field of Liberty, on April 26. The Romanians there used white instead of yellow -- supposedly in solidarity with other European revolutionaries, such as the French and the Hungarians, who also used white for their flags -- and the inscription "Virtus Romana Rediviva" (Roman virtue reborn). Eventually, however, all Romanian flags reverted to the yellow colour.
Blaj (Hungarian: Balázsfalva; German: Blasendorf) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania. ... The Field of Liberty On this holly land of the romanian people were held the two National Assemblys in May and September 1848. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

[edit] 1859: the Small Unification

The national flag is once again ratified in 1859, when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as ruler in both Moldova and Ţara Românească in a surprise consensus of the Romanians in both. Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Alexander John (Alexandru Ioan) Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (March 20, 1820, Galaţi - May 15, 1873, Heidelberg), known more commonly in English as Alexander John Cuza, was the ruler (1859-1866) of the United Principalites of Romania. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ...

This flag, used from 1859 to 1866, had once again the colours placed horizontally, with blue at the bottom. Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

[edit] 1867: Principality of Romania and Kingdom of Romania

The placement was changed back to vertical in 1867, with the arrival of Carol I as the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania (1881-1947). It has remained in this form ever since, with the blue colour at the hoist. Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... King Charles (right) and Queen Elizabeth of Romania Carol I, original name Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (April 20, 1839 - October 10, 1914) was elected prince of Romania in April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza, and proclaimed king on March 26, 1881. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Supposed state flag of the Principality of Romania Image File history File links UnitedPrincipalitiesofRumania. ...

Supposed state flag of the Kingdom of Romania File links The following pages link to this file: Axis Powers Flag of Romania Categories: Flag images ...

[edit] 1948: the Communist state

In 1948, the Communist regime (1947-1989) replaced the former coat of arms (composed of traditional Romanian heraldic elements) with a new one, of Soviet influence. It consisted of a scene surrounded by sheaves of wheat wrapped with a ribbon of the national colours having the letters RPR (Romanian People's Republic) emblazoned on it. The scene depicts Romania's mineral wealth (the oil derrick, the forests, mountains) basking in the glow of the sun. Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Soviet redirects here. ...

The red star at the top of the coat of arms symbolizes Socialism and was added in September 1952. Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subjfuck grapesect to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

A third version, seen here, was adopted on August 21, 1965. The letters RPR were replaced on the main part of the scroll with ROMÂNIA, and on the left and right parts of the scroll the words REPUBLICA and SOCIALISTĂ were added, so that the inscription now read "Socialist Republic of Romania". is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ...

During this time period the Soviet propaganda promoted a fictive meaning of the flag colours. School children were taught that red stands for the blood of the fallen heroes, yellow for the crop fields and blue for the sky. The colours were also constantly mentioned in reverse order (red, yellow, blue) although the flag never actually changed. This order and the fictive meaning were even mentioned in the national anthem of that time. Trei culori (Three colours) was the national anthem of Romania prior to the anti-communist Romanian revolution of 1989, between 1977 and 1989. ...

Flag of Communist Romania Image File history File links Romania_flag_1947-1989. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Historical. ...

The War Flag between 1966 and 1989. Similar versions were used between 1948 and 1966. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1333x1220, 528 KB) Descriere fiÅŸier a flag displaied at the National Military Museum. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Historical. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...

Flag of socialist Romania on Romanian ARO truck. The design is slightly different from the original. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2160 × 1440 pixel, file size: 875 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ARO SA (short for Auto Romania) is an off-road vehicle manufacturer located near the town of Campulung Muscel, Romania. ...

[edit] 1989: the revolution

Romanian flag with the coat of arms cut out

The Communist coat of arms was eliminated during the days of the 1989 revolution, when protesters on the streets of Timişoara and Bucharest waved flags with a round hole cut in the middle. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1200x1200, 218 KB) Romanian flag with a hole in the center, as used in 1989; photo made during an anti-government demonstration in Bucharest in September 2006 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1200x1200, 218 KB) Romanian flag with a hole in the center, as used in 1989; photo made during an anti-government demonstration in Bucharest in September 2006 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... People on the streets of Bucharest The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and protests in late December of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. ...

A few days later, on December 27, 1989, the provisional government decided informally not to incorporate a new coat of arms into the official flag. The flag has maintained that form ever since.
December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...

[edit] Flag protocol

The usage guidelines described here are taken directly from Romanian Law no. 75.

[edit] Permanent use

The Romanian flag is to be on permanent display in the following places:

• at public authority and institution buildings and headquarters;
• at the headquarters of political parties, syndicates, educational and cultural institutions;
• at frontier crossing points as well as international airports;
• as official flag for any kind of ship which sails under the Romanian flag.

[edit] Temporary use

The Romanian flag is to be temporarily displayed on the following occasions:

• on the Romanian National Day and other national holidays, in public places chosen by the local authorities;
• during localized, national or international official festivities and occasions, where they take place;
• during official visits in Romania by foreign chiefs of state or government officials, as well as important political persons representing the main international intergovernmental organizations, at airports, train stations, harbors and on the various roads they take;
• during military ceremonies, according to military rules;
• during sports competitions, on stadiums and other sports facilities;
• during election campaigns, at the local offices of the electing committees and at the voting facilities.

[edit] Personal use

The Romanian flag may be displayed by people at their home or place of residence, as well as by juridical personas, other than those described above, at their headquarters.

[edit] Official use

The Romanian flag is to be displayed at the abroad headquarters of diplomatic missions and consulates of the Romanian state, as well as at the place of residence of the chiefs of diplomatic and consular parties, as specified by protocols. The Romanian flag is also to be displayed as a banner on the transportation means of the diplomatic and consular party chiefs, during their official movement about.

[edit] Mourning

The Romanian flag is to be displayed at half-mast during national mourning days, as designated by the Government.

[edit] With other national flags

The flags of other states may be displayed on Romanian territory only accompanied by the national flag and only during the visits of foreign officials, international festivities or reunions, on official buildings and in public places chosen in respect to the text of the law.

Display of the Romanian flag at manifestations which take place under the auspices of international organizations is done according to international regulations.

The flag of the European Council can also be displayed in places where the Romanian flag is displayed.

Wherever the flag of Romania is accompanied by one or more foreign state flags, they are to be arranged as follows:

• when the Romanian flag is displayed together with one foreign flag, the Romanian flag will be placed on the left side, looking from the front of the flags;
• when the Romanian flag is displayed together with several foreign flags and the total number of flags is odd, the Romanian flag is to be displayed in the middle. If the total number of flags is even, the Romanian flag is to be placed at the left of the flag with whom it shares the center, looking from the front of the flags.

All state flags on display will have identical size and will be placed at the same level.

[edit] Army flags of Romania

[edit] The Battle Flag

The Battle Flag has been described by the Romanian Ministry of Defense as "the symbol of military honor, courage and glory". The flag incorporates in its design a golden eagle and various accessories, aside from the actual banner.^[7]

NOTE: The Battle Flag is not a "war flag" in the accepted vexillological sense,^[8] because it is not used in actual battle conditions, only for ceremonies and for unit identification purposes.

The golden eagle has its wings semi-open and holds lightning in its talons. It is placed at the end of the hoist, facing towards the flag. Underneath there is a supporting element which bears the inscription "HONOR AND COUNTRY" on the front and on the back the name of the military unit it belongs to. Flag of the Fédération internationale des associations vexillologiques. ...

The flag has a length and width of 100 and 66 centimeters, respectively. The colours follow the same placement as those of the national flag: three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow and red. The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ...

The Romanian coat of arms^[9] is placed at the center, on the yellow field. In the four corners, at 5 centimeters from the edge, are depicted oak branches surrounding the symbol of the type of military unit that the flag belongs to. Coat of Arms of Romania The Coat of Arms of Romania consists of an eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a sword in its claws. ...

The flag's edges away from the hoist have a border woven of golden thread, 5-7 centimeters wide, and at the two corners on the red colour there are two golden tassels 10-12 centimeters long.

According to the Ministry of Defense documentation,^[10] each military unit uses a different version of the Battle Flag as its official flag. Each type of flag differs as follows:

• The name of the unit is inscribed on the hoist ornament, under the golden eagle.
• The symbols on all four corners mark the type of military unit:^[11]
  1. Two crossed golden swords (tip up) for the Land Forces;
  2. A golden anchor for the Naval Forces;
  3. Two wings, a helix, a rocket, a canon, and a radar (all golden) for the Air Forces;
  4. A combination of the above, for the General Staff.

The Battle Flag (here, of an air forces unit) Ratio: 2:3. The coat of arms of the Romanian Land Forces Staff The Flag of the Land Forces The Romanian Land Forces have completely overhauled their equipment and today they are one of the most modernized armies in Eastern Europe. ... The coat of arms of the Romanian Naval Forces Staff Romanian naval jack (N O T) The Romanian Navy is the navy of Romania; it operates in the Black Sea. ... Coat of arms of the Romanian Air Forces Staff Romanian Army Roundel It is placed on Romanian Army vehicles and Romanian Air Forces airplanes The Romanian Air Force operates about 110 MiG 21 Lancers, modernized in cooperation with Israel between 1993 and 2002, as well as 4 C-130 Hercules... The Romanian Army (Armata Română) consists of three branches: Romanian Land Forces Romanian Naval Forces Romanian Air Force The term army is used in Romania when referring to the entire military, while land forces deal only with the actual army itself. ... Image File history File links Drapel_lupta. ... Coat of arms of the Romanian Air Forces Staff Romanian Army Roundel It is placed on Romanian Army vehicles and Romanian Air Forces airplanes The Romanian Air Force operates about 110 MiG 21 Lancers, modernized in cooperation with Israel between 1993 and 2002, as well as 4 C-130 Hercules... Image File history File links IFIS_Normal. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Equal. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable. ...

When used in a ceremony while it rains, the battle flag is protected by a transparent plastic envelope Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 1212 KB) a picture taken during a military ceremony in Romania, in the city of Carei Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

Land Forces flags no longer in use, displayed at the National Military Museum in Bucharest Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1516x1002, 479 KB) Descriere fiÅŸier Three Romanian War Flags, in the Land Forces version, displayed at the National Military Museum in Bucharest. ... Nickname: Motto: Patria si Dreptul Meu (My Country and My Right) Location of Bucharest within Romania (in red) Coordinates: , Country County Founded 1459 (first official mentioned) Government  - Mayor Adriean Videanu Area  - City 228 km²  (88 sq mi)  - Metro 238 km² (91. ...

[edit] Army identification flags

As of December 1, 2005, there is an identification flag for each section of the Romanian Army: General Staff, Land Forces, Air Forces and Naval Forces. is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Army (Armata Română) consists of three branches: Romanian Land Forces Romanian Naval Forces Romanian Air Force The term army is used in Romania when referring to the entire military, while land forces deal only with the actual army itself. ... The coat of arms of the Romanian Land Forces Staff The Flag of the Land Forces The Romanian Land Forces have completely overhauled their equipment and today they are one of the most modernized armies in Eastern Europe. ... Coat of arms of the Romanian Air Forces Staff Romanian Army Roundel It is placed on Romanian Army vehicles and Romanian Air Forces airplanes The Romanian Air Force operates about 110 MiG 21 Lancers, modernized in cooperation with Israel between 1993 and 2002, as well as 4 C-130 Hercules... The coat of arms of the Romanian Naval Forces Staff Romanian naval jack (N O T) The Romanian Navy is the navy of Romania; it operates in the Black Sea. ...

Each such flag uses only one field colour: yellow for the General Staff, red for the Land Forces, light blue for the Air Forces, dark blue for the Naval Forces.^[12] They bear the respective coat of arms as an emblem, four symmetrically displayed golden five-pointed stars under it, and the symbol of the type of unit in the four corners (without the oak branches found on the battle flag).

The other side of these flags depicts Saint George, Saint Mary and Saint Ilie, the protectors of the Army's units (Land, Navy and Air Forces, respectively) and their name in golden letters, except for the General Staff flag, which depicts only the three Saints.^[13] Saint-George is a municipality with 695 inhabitants (as of 2003) in the district of Aubonne in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

It is not clear when these kind of flags are used as opposed to the Battle Flag. Supposedly, they are intended for indoor use during specific ceremonies.^[14]

Ratio: 2:3 Romanian General Staff Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (665x919, 223 KB) a scanned picture of both sides of the flag. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Sinister. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Two-sided. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable. ... The Romanian Army (Armata Română) consists of three branches: Romanian Land Forces Romanian Naval Forces Romanian Air Force The term army is used in Romania when referring to the entire military, while land forces deal only with the actual army itself. ...

Ratio: 2:3 Romanian Land Forces Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (690x928, 174 KB) a scanned picture of both sides of the flag. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Sinister. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Two-sided. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable. ... The coat of arms of the Romanian Land Forces Staff The Flag of the Land Forces The Romanian Land Forces have completely overhauled their equipment and today they are one of the most modernized armies in Eastern Europe. ...

Ratio: 2:3 Romanian Air Forces Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (711x958, 265 KB) a scanned picture of both sides of the flag. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Sinister. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Two-sided. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable. ... Coat of arms of the Romanian Air Forces Staff Romanian Army Roundel It is placed on Romanian Army vehicles and Romanian Air Forces airplanes The Romanian Air Force operates about 110 MiG 21 Lancers, modernized in cooperation with Israel between 1993 and 2002, as well as 4 C-130 Hercules...

Ratio: 2:3 Romanian Naval Forces Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (684x931, 181 KB) a scanned picture of both sides of the flag. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Sinister. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Two-sided. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable. ... The coat of arms of the Romanian Naval Forces Staff Romanian naval jack (N O T) The Romanian Navy is the navy of Romania; it operates in the Black Sea. ...

[edit] Miscellaneous flags

The official flag of any ship, be it civilian or military, is the national flag, not the Battle Flag.

There are several other types of military flags, such as rank flags, Coastguard flag, Naval Jack.

There's also the Flag of The President, apparently used only when the President of Romania is on board a ship, in particular circumstances.^[15] The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. ...

Any military unit may at some point, due to a special reason, receive its own special flag by Presidential decree, which would henceforth replace the Battle Flag and remain the same regardless of any subsequent name change of that unit.

[edit] Similar flags

The Romanian flag is almost identical to the otherwise unrelated national flag of Chad. It is also similar to the flag of Moldova and the flag of Andorra, which differ in both ratio and by having coats of arms. Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of the Republic of Chad is a vertical tricolor consisting (left to right) of a blue, a yellow and a red field. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Moldova (Moldavia) is a tricolor of blue (haist), yellow (centre) and red (fly) (ie. ... The flag of Andorra The national flag of Andorra was adopted in 1866. ...

[edit] Flag of Moldova

Flag of Moldova (obverse side, for comparison)

Historically, Moldova was a part of the Principality of Moldavia, which was later split, and became again part of Greater Romania, fully, in 1918. Image File history File links Flag_of_Moldova. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Moldova. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Moldova (Moldavia) is a tricolor of blue (haist), yellow (centre) and red (fly) (ie. ... Image File history File links IFIS_Two-sided. ... It has been suggested that Moldavia (historical region) be merged into this article or section. ... Anthem Trăiască Regele Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Constitutional monarchy Head of State  - 1918 - 1927 Ferdinand I of Romania  - 1927 - 1930 - 1930 - 1940 - 1940 - 1947 Michael I of Romania Carol II of Romania Michael I of Romania Legislature Adunarea DeputaÅ£ilor and Senatul Historical era Interbellum Years  - Kingdom...

Annexed by the Soviet Union under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, during 1940–1941 and 1945–1991 it was known as the Moldavian SSR and was forced to adopt a Soviet flag. Molotov signs the German-Soviet non-aggression pact. ... State motto: Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ! Official language None. ... Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic This flag was adopted by the Moldavian SSR on January 31, 1952. ...

Upon declaring its independence on 27 August 1991, the Republic of Moldova chose a flag having the same colours as the Romanian flag but with a ratio of 1:2 in width to length, and the Moldovan coat of arms (also very similar to that of Romania) in the center of the obverse side.
is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

[edit] Flag of Chad

Flag of Chad (for comparison)

Expert references (such as the Album des Pavillons (2000) book) state that the Romanian flag and the Flag of Chad differ slightly in the shade of the blue colour, with the Romanian colour being lighter: Pantone 280c instead of the Chadian 281c. Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of the Republic of Chad is a vertical tricolor consisting (left to right) of a blue, a yellow and a red field. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of the Republic of Chad is a vertical tricolor consisting (left to right) of a blue, a yellow and a red field. ... For the record label, see Pantone Music. ...

There has been occasional media controversy regarding the similarity between the post-1989 Romanian flag and the flag of Chad, since neither of them uses a coat of arms and are indeed almost identical. The most recent story dates from April 2004 and was created over a rumoured Chad contestation of the Romanian flag. The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs settled it by stating^[16] that the Romanian flag had been registered with WIPO since 1997 and that no contestation had occurred in the legal 12-month period following the registration. In order to avoid future confusion with other flags, it has been suggested that the Romanian Coat of Arms be included in the centre of the Romanian flag, but no official action has been taken as of yet. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and has as its core objectives the promotion of creative intellectual activity and the facilitation of the transfer of technology related to intellectual property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social... Coat of Arms of Romania The Coat of Arms of Romania consists of an eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a sword in its claws. ...

[edit] Flag of Andorra

Flag of Andorra (for comparison)

The Romanian flag is also similar to the unrelated flag of Andorra.
Image File history File links Flag_of_Andorra. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Andorra. ... The flag of Andorra The national flag of Andorra was adopted in 1866. ... The flag of Andorra The national flag of Andorra was adopted in 1866. ...

[edit] References and bibliography

1. ^ Law no. 75 (in Romanian) (in English) passed on July 16th, 1994, defines the flag size and colours and establishes rules of use.
2. ^ Album des Pavillons (2000): very highly regarded vexillological reference
3. ^ Romanian section at Flags of the World
4. ^ CMYK to RGB conversion formula
5. ^ Web colors
6. ^ Law no. 96 passed on May 20, 1998 (in Romanian) declares June 26 as the Flag Day.
7. ^ Full description of the Romanian Battle Flag (in Romanian).
8. ^ FIAV flag information codes as detailed at Flags of the World.
9. ^ Full description of the Romanian coat of arms (in Romanian).
10. ^ Ministry of Defense traditions involving military insignia (in Romanian).
11. ^ Romanian military units coats of arms
12. ^ Picture showing the four army identification flags during the National Day ceremony.
13. ^ Picture showing the reverse side of the four Army identification flags.
14. ^ Picture showing the four Army identification flags used during a military ceremony.
15. ^ Flags of the Armed Forces overview at "Flags of the World".
16. ^ "'Identical flag' causes flap in Romania" (BBC News article).

• Flag history overview (in Romanian), from the site of the Romanian Presidency.
• The Perfect Romanian Flag: research of the colours and size of the flag, can be used for creating digital representations.

Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ... Web colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. ...

[edit] See also

• Coat of arms of Romania
• Romanian heraldry
• Romanian Army

Coat of Arms of Romania The Coat of Arms of Romania consists of an eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a sword in its claws. ... All the coats of arms of all the Romanian institutions must be approved by The National Commitee of Heraldry, Genealogy and Vexillology, subordinated to The Romanian Academy. ... The Romanian Army (Armata Română) consists of three branches: Romanian Land Forces Romanian Naval Forces Romanian Air Force The term army is used in Romania when referring to the entire military, while land forces deal only with the actual army itself. ...