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Flak towers (German: Flaktürme) were large anti-aircraft gun blockhouses used by the Luftwaffe to prevent overflights of key areas in certain cities in World War II. They also served as air-raid shelters for tens of thousands of people and to coordinate air defence. With concrete walls up to 3.5 m thick, these towers were considered to be invulnerable to attack with the usual ordnance carried by Allied bombers, though it is unlikely that they would have withstood Grand Slam bombs which successfully penetrated much thicker reinforced concrete(highly unlikely though, as they would have to be accurate to have a chance to hit). Aircraft generally appeared to have avoided the flak towers. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2010 KB) The north in Augarten, Vienna, Austria Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Flak Tower ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2010 KB) The north in Augarten, Vienna, Austria Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Flak Tower ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
“Wien†redirects here. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1000 pixel, file size: 414 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1000 pixel, file size: 414 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
“Wien†redirects here. ...
A 19th-century-era block house in Fort York, Toronto In military science, a blockhouse is a small, isolated fort in the form of a single building. ...
The Deutsche Luftwaffe or (German: air force, literally Air Weapon IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Air raid shelters are structures for the protection of the civil population as well as military personnel against enemy attacks from the air. ...
A British 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) Grand Slam bomb The Grand Slam (Earth Quake bomb), was a very large freefall bomb developed by the British aeronautical engineer Barnes Wallis (who also made the bouncing bomb) in late 1944. ...
Reinforced concrete at Sainte Jeanne dArc Church (Nice, France): architect Jacques Dror, 1926–1933 Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete in some countries, is concrete in which reinforcement bars (rebars) or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen a material that would otherwise be brittle. ...
The Russians, in assaulting Berlin, found it hard to make an impression on the Flak towers, even with some of the largest Russian assault guns, the 203 mm howitzers. Russian forces generally maneuvered around them, and eventually sent in envoys to seek their submission. Unlike the rest of Berlin, the towers tended to be better stocked with ammunition, and used their anti-aircraft 128 mm cannons to attack ground units. The Zoo Tower was one of the last points of defense, with German armoured units rallying near it at Tiergarten, before trying to break out of the encircling Russian army. Combatants Soviet Union Communist Poland Nazi Germany Commanders 1st Belorussian Front – Georgiy Zhukov 2nd Belorussian Front – Konstantin Rokossovskiy 1st Ukrainian Front – Ivan Konev Army Group Vistula – Gotthard Heinrici then Kurt von Tippelskirch[2] Army Group Centre – Ferdinand Schörner Berlin Defense Area – Helmuth Reymann then Helmuth Weidling #[3] Strength 2...
B-4 was 203-mm (8 inch) Soviet heavy howitzer. ...
Tiergarten (Animal Garden) is a large park and a former borough of Berlin, since 2001 a part of the expanded borough Mitte. ...
The towers, during the fall of Berlin, formed their own communities. Being some of the safest places in the fought-over city, they were usually crammed with civilians, eventually forcing them to capitulate as supplies ran out.
For a time after the war, the conversion to representative objects with decorated facades was planned. After the war was lost, the demolition of the towers was in most cases unfeasible and many remain to this day.
Flak Tower generations
 The three generations of G tower. Each Flak tower complex consisted of a G-Tower (Gun Tower), and a L-Tower (Fire Control Tower). Image File history File links Flakturm-Bauarten. ...
Image File history File links Flakturm-Bauarten. ...
FLAK was a punk rock side project of members of the band Machinae Supremacy in 2001. ...
- Generation 1
- G-Towers were 70.5 * 70.5 * 39 m, usually armed with 8 (4 twin) * 128 mm guns and numerous 37 mm, 30 mm and 32 (8 quad) * 20 mm guns.
- L-Towers were 50 * 23 * 39 m, usually armed with 16 (4 quad) * 20 mm guns.
- Generation 2
- G-Towers were 57 * 57 * 41.6 m, usually armed with 8 (4 twin) * 128 mm guns and 16 (4 quad) * 20 mm guns.
- L-Towers were 50 * 23 * 44 m, usually armed with 40 (10 quad) * 20 mm guns.
- Generation 3
- G-Towers were 43 * 43 * 54 m, usually armed with 8 (4 twin) * 128 mm guns and 32 (8 quad) * 20 mm guns.
The evaluation of even larger Battery Towers was commissioned by Hitler. These would have been three times the size and firepower of Flak towers. Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ...
Built towers
Flakturm I - Berliner Zoo, Berlin - Berlin Zoo (1st Generation)
- G-Tower was demolished by the British at the end of the war. 52.51658° N 13.368044° E
- L-Tower was demolished after the war.
Zoo Tower, Berlin, after the battle The Zoologischer Garten Berlin (zoological garden Berlin) is one of the biggest zoos in Germany and the one with the largest number of species of the world. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x620, 129 KB)Anti-aircraft bunker in Berlin ZOO, May 1945. ...
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Flakturm II - Friedrichshain, Berlin - Friedrichshain (1st Generation)
- G-Tower was partially demolished after the war, one side remains visible. 52.526522° N 13.431886° E
- L-Tower was demolished after the war.
The G-Tower, known as Mont Klamott (Rubble Mountain) in Berlin, was the inspiration for songs by singer-songwriter Wolf Biermann and the rock band Silly. Location of Friedrichshain in Berlin Friedrichshain is a part of Berlins borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. ...
The term singer-songwriter refers to performers who both write and sing their own material. ...
Karl Wolf Biermann (born 15 November 1936 in Hamburg) is a former East German dissident who works as a German Liedermacher (songwriter). ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Silly is an East German rock group from the 80s and 90s. ...
Flakturm III - Humboldthain, Berlin - Humboldthain (1st Generation)
- G-Tower was partially demolished after the war, one side remains visible. The interior can be visited. 52.547238° N 13.384961° E
- L-Tower was partially demolished after the war, some walls remain visible. 52.544092° N 13.387326° E
Flakturm II G-Tower Image:Humboldthain. ...
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Flakturm IV - Heiligengeistfeld, Hamburg - Heiligengeistfeld (1st Generation)
- G-Tower was transformed into a residential building,), 53.556212° N 9.970104° E.
- L-Tower was demolished after the war.
Flakturm IV G-Tower Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 2130 KB) Summary Photographer: User:San Andreas Date: 25 Jan 2006 Description: German Hochbunker, Heiligengeistfeld, Hamburg, Germany Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Flak tower...
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Flakturm V - Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg - Wilhelmsburg (2nd Generation)
- G-Tower remains to this day, 53.51006° N 9.98993° E
- L-Tower was demolished after the war.
Flakturm V G-Tower Wilhelmsburg is a district (Stadtteil) of Hamburg within the borough (Bezirk) of Harburg. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 669 KB) Other versions Originally from de. ...
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Flakturm VI - Stiftskaserne, Vienna - Stiftskaserne (3rd Generation)
- G-Tower is located within a military base of the Austrian Army. 48.201734° N 16.355853° E
- L-Tower (in Esterhazypark) is used as an aquarium (the "Haus des Meeres") and has a climbing wall on the outside. 48.197719° N 16.352495° E
Flakturm VI G-Tower Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 561 KB) A flak tower in Vienna Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Flak tower Metadata This file contains additional information, probably...
| Flakturm VI L-Tower Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 303 KB) Summary Haus des Meerese, Flak tower, Vienna, 2005-10-15 selfmade photo Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Flak tower Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
| view from the climbing wall Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ...
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Flakturm VII - Augarten, Vienna - Augarten (3rd Generation)
- G-Tower remains empty. 48.22563° N 16.372815° E
- L-Tower remains empty. Its use as a computer storage facility or an open air cinema is being considered, , 48.227896° N 16.377992° E
Flakturm VII G-tower Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2107 KB) The southwest flak tower in Augarten, Vienna, Austria Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Flak Tower ...
| Flakturm VII L-tower Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2010 KB) The north in Augarten, Vienna, Austria Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Flak Tower ...
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Flakturm VIII - Arenberg Park, Vienna - Arenberg Park (2nd Generation) 48.198448° N 16.391489° E
- G-Tower is used as a storehouse for art.
- L-Tower remains empty.
Flakturm VIII G-tower Image File history File links Arenberg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
| Flakturm VIII L-tower Image File history File links Arenberg File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
| British built structures in the Thames Estuary and other tidal areas on which they based guns. After the war most were left to rot. Some were outside territorial waters, and had a second life in the 1960s as platforms for pirate radio stations
Planned, not built
Berlin - Tiergarten (two additional planned, not built)
- Hasenheide Templehof (planned, not built)
- Reichstag building (considered for modification, but found unsuitable)
- Hitlers Bunker (was the location where Hitler thought up StarWars)
- Hitlers Bunker (in 1943 teamed up with terrorists and the Legion Of Doom in a plot to assinate Jesus)
Tiergarten (Animal Garden) is a large park and a former borough of Berlin, since 2001 a part of the expanded borough Mitte. ...
The Reichstag is a phenominal building. ...
Bremen - Bremen Neustadt (two planned, none built)
This article is about the city in Germany. ...
Hamburg Location Coordinates Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE6 First Mayor Ole von Beust (CDU) Governing party CDU Votes in Bundesrat 3 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 755 km² (292 sq mi) Population 1,754,317 (11/2006)[1] - Density 2,324 /km² (6,018...
Munich - Munich Railroad Station (eight planned, none built)
Munich (German: , pronounced ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga[2]) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria. ...
Vienna - Original plans were to place the three towers in Schmelz, Prater & Floridsdorf.
Flak Guns Reinmetall 20mm Twin Anti-Aircraft Canon Weight : 2,160Kg EL Angle of Fire : -5. ...
The 2 cm Gebirgsflak 38 (2 cm GebF 38) was a German mountain gun, derived from the Flak 38, used during World War II. The anti-aircraft gun was first manufactured in 1941, and in use by 1942. ...
The 12. ...
See also American troops mount an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defence, is any method of engaging military aircraft in combat from the ground. ...
The term Battle of Berlin is sometimes restricted to the Royal Air Force for a bombing campaign on Berlin and other cities between the night of November 18 1943 and March 1944. ...
Combatants Soviet Union Communist Poland Nazi Germany Commanders 1st Belorussian Front – Georgiy Zhukov 2nd Belorussian Front – Konstantin Rokossovskiy 1st Ukrainian Front – Ivan Konev Army Group Vistula – Gotthard Heinrici then Kurt von Tippelskirch[2] Army Group Centre – Ferdinand Schörner Berlin Defense Area – Helmuth Reymann then Helmuth Weidling #[3] Strength 2...
The Kammhuber Line was the name given to the German night air defense system established in July 1940 by Colonel Josef Kammhuber. ...
// Few German weapons of World War II were given popular names, and those that were recognized officially as such numbered even fewer. ...
Germany pavilion at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris, 1937. ...
References - Foedrowitz, Michael. (1998). The Flak Towers in Berlin, Hamburg and Vienna 1940-1950. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-7643-0398-8
- Ute Bauer "Die Wiener Flakturme im Spiegel Oesterreichischer Erinnerungskultur", Phoibos Verlag, Wien 2003. ISBN 3-901232-42-7
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