 Socks made from flame retardant cotton. Flame retardants are materials that inhibit or resist the spread of fire. Naturally occurring substances such as asbestos as well as synthetic materials, usually halocarbons such as polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorendic acid derivates, most often dibutyl chlorendate and dimethyl chlorendate, have been used in this capacity. Generally, these classes of flame retardant compounds are the most common: aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and various hydrates; organobromines and organochlorines; phosphorus, in the form of organophosphates, halogenated phosphorus compounds, and red phosphorus; antimony trioxide; and boron compounds, mostly borates. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 530 pixelsFull resolution (2700 × 1789 pixel, file size: 806 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 530 pixelsFull resolution (2700 × 1789 pixel, file size: 806 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
For other uses, see Fire (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ...
Halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms: fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. ...
PBDE, or polybrominated diphenyl ether is a flame-retardant sub-family of the brominated flame-retardant group. ...
“PCB†redirects here. ...
Chlorendic acid Chlorendic acid, or 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo[2. ...
Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is the most stable form of aluminium in normal conditions. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Milk of Magnesia. ...
Hydrate is a term which means different things in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. ...
An organophosphate (sometimes abbreviated OP) is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid and is one of the organophosphorus compounds. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Atomic mass 30. ...
Antimony trioxide is the most important commercial compound of antimony. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p Appearance black/brown Standard atomic weight 10. ...
Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron bonded to three oxygen atoms written as B(OR)3. ...
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts, made by passing phosphine gas through a solution of formaldehyde and a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, are used as flame retardants for textiles. This prefix in chemical nomenclature indicates the presence of a hydroxyl functional group (-OH). ...
In chemistry a methyl-group is a hydrophobic Alkyl functional group which is derived from methane (CH4). ...
A phosphonium salt is a salt containing the phosphonium (PH4+) ion such as phosphonium iodide (PH4+I−). It may also refer to an organic derivative such as tetramethylphosphonium iodide, [P(CH3)4]+I−. Alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts are widely used for the preparation of Wittig reagents for the Wittig reaction. ...
This article is about the chemical. ...
The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known as methanal) is a gas with a pungent smell. ...
Headline text Happy Hannukah and a happy new year!! POOP e Butt ...
The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). ...
Flame retardants are materials that inhibit or resist the spread of fire. ...
For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ...
Other flame retardants include chlorinated paraffins, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE), octabromodiphenyl ether (octaBDE), decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tri-o-cresyl phosphate, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TRIS), bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, tris(1-aziridinyl)-phosphine oxide (TEPA), and others. Halogenation is a chemical reaction that replaces a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Structure of polybrominated biphenyls Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), also called brominated biphenyls or polybromobiphenyls, are a group of manufactured chemicals. ...
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE) is a brominated flame retardant and belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenylethers. ...
Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) is a brominated flame retardant and belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenylethers. ...
Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) is a brominated flame retardant and belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenylethers. ...
Structure of HBCD Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD or HBCDD) is a brominated flame retardant. ...
Mechanisms of function
Endothermic degradation Some compounds break down endothermically when subjected to high temperatures. Magnesium and aluminium hydroxides are an example, together with various hydrates. The reaction removes heat from the surrounding, thus cooling the material. The use of hydroxides and hydrates is limited by their relatively low decomposition temperature, which limits the maximum processing temperature of the polymers. In Chemistry an endothermic reaction is one in which the reactants have less energy than the products, and thus a net input of energy, usually in the form of heat, is required. ...
Hydrate is a term which means different things in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. ...
Dilution of fuel Inert fillers, eg. talc or calcium carbonate, act as diluents, lowering the combustible portion of the material, thus lowering the amount of heat per volume of material it can produce while burning. Talc (derived from the Persian via Arabic talq) is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. ...
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with the chemical formula CaCO3. ...
Thermal shielding A way to stop spreading of the flame over the material is to create a thermal insulation barrier between the burning and unburned parts. Intumescent additives are often employed; their role is to turn the polymer into a carbonized foam, which separates the flame from the material and slows the heat transfer to the unburned fuel. An intumescent is a substance which swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in density. ...
Dilution of gas phase Inert gases (most often carbon dioxide and water) produced by thermal degradation of some materials act as diluents of the combustible gases, lowering their partial pressures and the partial pressure of oxygen, and slowing the reaction rate. Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
Gas phase radical quenching Chlorinated and brominated materials undergo thermal degradation and release hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. These react with the highly reactive H* and OH* radicals in the flame, resulting in an inactive molecule and a Cl* or Br* radical. The halogen radical has much lower energy than H* or OH*, and therefore has much lower potential to propagate the radical oxidation reaction the burning is. Antimony compounds tend to act in synergy with halogenated flame retardants. The HCl and HBr released during burning are highly corrosive, which has reliability implications for objects (especially fine electronics) subjected to the released smoke. R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...
Flash point Non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...
In chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. ...
This article is about the element. ...
See also Brominated flame-retardants are produced synthetically in ca 70 variants with very varying chemical properties. ...
A fire retardant is a substance that helps to delay or prevent combustion. ...
External links - The Fire Retardant Forum
- www.fireretard.com A European group of research organizations and manufacturers, providing research and information on fire retardants for wood and wood based materials
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