Flaming is the hostile and insulting interaction between Internet users. Flaming usually occurs in the social context of a discussion board, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) or even through e-mail. An Internet user typically generates a flame response to other posts or users posting on a site, and is usually not constructive, does not clarify a discussion, and does not persuade others. Sometimes, flamers attempt to assert their authority, or establish a position of superiority over other users. Other times, a flamer is simply an individual who believes he or she carries the only valid opinion. This leads him or her to personally attack those who disagree. Occasionally, flamers wish to upset and offend other members of the forum, in which case they can be called "trolls". Most often however, flames are angry or insulting messages transmitted by people who have strong feelings about a subject. Discussion Board is an ASP.NET 2. ... IRC redirects here. ... Part of Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines Shortcut: WP:NPA Do not make personal attacks anywhere in Wikipedia. ... A Do not feed the troll image In Internet terminology, a troll is someone who comes into an established community such as an online discussion forum, and posts inflammatory, rude, repetitive or offensive messages designed intentionally to annoy or antagonize the existing members or disrupt the flow of discussion, including...

Some equate flaming with simply letting off steam, though the receiving party may be less than pleased. Similarly, a normal, non-flame message may have elements of a flame -- it may be hostile, for example -- but it is not a flame if its author seriously intends to advance the discussion. The word flaming is also sometimes used for long, intensive and heated discussions, even though insults do not occur.

Although the trading of insults is as old as human speech, flaming on the Internet, like many other online 'actions,' started in the Usenet hierarchies (although it was known to occur in the WWIVnet and FidoNet computer networks as well). Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. ... WWIVnet was a BBS network for WWIV-based BBSes. ... The FidoNet logo FidoNet is a worldwide computer network that is used for communication between bulletin board systems. ...

The term "flaming" is believed to be a reference to the Marvel Comic superhero the Human Torch of the Fantastic Four. After the accident which gave Johnny Storm the ability to become a human torch, he was initially unable to control when he would burst into flames. He learned to control his powers by saying "Flame on" which would initiate the transformation into a human torch and he would return to his normal state by saying "Flame off." ^[1] Since early users of the asynchronous text communication wanted to distinguish their angry/insulting/sarcastic portions of their response from their serious statements, they would prefix their angry/insulting/sarcastic text with "Flame on" and indicate the end of such statements with "Flame off".

Other methods of flaming

Flame reviews

Flame reviews are often used to insult the creator of a product (eg. a game, a story, or a video), but are particularly common on, but not restricted to, sites with poor review monitoring techniques (such as Newgrounds.com). Since they are difficult to respond to, they rarely burst into prolonged online arguments, although they are both annoying and hurtful^{[citation needed]}; two specific qualities required for a flame.

Flame reviews are often confused with non-constructive criticism. While non-constructive criticism is often painfully blunt, rude and sometimes insulting, it never attacks creators themselves, only their products. In other words, the review is not made with malicious intent. The review may or may not be anonymous, because such reviewers rarely believe that they have actually said anything hurtful and so are not afraid of retribution.

Flame reviews, on the other hand, involve deeply personal attacks, often regarding the creator's sexuality, intelligence, choice of fandom, family or friends, with random cursing thrown in. They are, whenever possible, written anonymously^{[citation needed]} and are intentionally insulting. If there is any reference to the product, it will be used to insult the creator (eg: "How stupid are you to have written this awful trash?"). A popular stereotype of a flame review is that it is badly spelt, typed in All Caps and contains either excessive punctuation or no punctuation at all, but this is not compulsory.

Flame reviews and non-constructive criticism are usually only confused when the creator has not actually ever received a genuine flame. They are in fact very different and can be told apart on sight.

Flame reviewers are closely associated with Internet trolls. An Internet troll, or simply troll in Internet slang, is someone who intentionally posts controversial or contrary messages in an on-line community such as an on-line discussion forum with the intention of baiting users into an argumentative response. ...

Holy Wars

While a flame war is usually a particular spate of flaming, a holy war is a drawn-out disagreement that may last years or even span careers. For instance, younger Linux programmers who today have strong opinions on vi and emacs may not even have been born in 1976 when these editors were released. vi editing a temporary, empty file. ... This article is about the text editor. ...

Use of the term "holy war" implies that the root of the disagreement is a clash of values, and intractable of resolution except by agreeing to disagree. (This sort of flamewar requires the acceptance of differing opinions in order to end, as the length of a "holy war" clearly indicates that neither side is willing to change their minds or back down.) Holy war may refer to: Jihad, war fought to spread the religion of Islam. ... For other uses, see Root (disambiguation). ... Value redirects here. ...

Pie fights

A pie fight is a type of discourse specific to bulletin boards, blogs and other types of Internet forums. Pie fights are characterized by heated, emotional exchanges, and although they are typically of short duration, they can have a devastating effect on an online community. Pie fights can be started by Internet trolls who use baiting techniques to enrage Internet forum users so much that they post inappropriate and/or offensive messages. Unfortunately, this often results in disruption of the forum more than anything else. Discourse is a term used in semantics as in discourse analysis, but it also refers to a social conception of discourse, often linked with the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and Jürgen Habermas The Theory of Communicative Action (1985). ... A bulletin board system or BBS is a computer system running software that allows users to dial into the system over a phone line and, using a terminal program, perform functions such as downloading software and data, uploading data, reading news, and exchanging messages with other users. ... It has been suggested that Online diary be merged into this article or section. ... On the Internet, baiting is similar to trolling, in that baiters, like trolls, try to elicit a response from other users. ...

The term "pie fight" is derived from a June 2005 event on Daily Kos, a liberal and progressive issues web site, in which site administrators accepted an advertisement that showed two scantily-clad women throwing pies and smearing each other with whipped cream and pie filling. This advertisement was for the TBS reality series The Real Gilligan's Island.^[2] Daily Kos (IPA: ) is an American political blog, publishing news and opinion from a progressive point of view. ... Generally speaking, advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor. ... TBS also stands for Tokyo Broadcasting System, a Japanese television network. ... Reality television is a genre of television programming in which the fortunes of real life people (as opposed to fictional characters played by actors) are followed. ...

Despite the fact that the advertisement was only marginally related to the regular subject matter discussed on Daily Kos, it dominated the user diary entries and blog comments for several days. The animosity generated by the acceptance of this advertisement caused some established members of the Daily Kos community to cease participation in the forum that it provides.

Thought policing

Thought policing (taken from George Orwell's novel 1984) is when someone trolls the forums looking for posts that do not align with their political, religious, or moral values. When they find a post that they do not agree with, they post messages in that post to incite people to bring attention to that post to get it locked or deleted. This phenomenon is perennial in forums and motives can vary, but what they accomplish is to stifle freedom of speech and open and honest discussions on topics they feel could be a threat. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 [1] [2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ...

Flaming as an art form

During the early days of Internet use, flaming could be considered an inside joke, a group game or even a participatory artistic activity. This can still be the case on forums and message boards which have a small number of regular users who know each other well. In this situation, flames are exchanged without ill-feeling and especially clever and humorous insults may be archived for the future enjoyment of users. In the 1980s when Bulletin Board Systems were becoming common, small and tight-knit online communities would often treat flaming as a litmus test for potential new members. If they weathered the attack, or better yet, joined in and returned as good as they got, they were worth keeping. An excellent example of one such board would be the FYAD subforum of the Something Awful community, which engages in constant vicious flamewars for both comedic value and to intimidate new users from posting. Especially humorous threads are archived in the FYAD section of the Comedy Goldmine. While those who participate in the 'art of flaming' may find it humorous, those who do not often find it hurtful and have their confidence shot down. Due to this, many web sites have had anti-flame groups spring up to get flamers banned from the site on behalf of those who have been hurt by an insulting flame. BBS redirects here. ... A virtual community is a group whose members are connected by means of information technologies, typically the Internet. ... --- Well, im sorry you signed up for these forums 12 months before i did, which obviously gives you the right to decide who belongs on this board and who doesnt. ... Something Awful, often abbreviated to SA, is a comedy website housing a variety of content, including blog entries, forums, feature articles, digitally edited pictures, and humorous media reviews. ...

Extended use of the term "flame war"

Sometimes, serious academic or technical disagreements online are described casually as "flame wars" even when the major participants are making useful and informative points and, largely, not flaming. This may have to do with the degree to which observers identify emotionally with the sides of the debate, or see esteemed leaders or role-models representing their own points of view powerfully. Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ...

For example, the Usenet discussion between Andrew S. Tanenbaum and Linus Torvalds on microkernel versus monolithic kernel operating system design (Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate) has been described as a famous "flame war". Despite being designated a "flame war", the debate is quite informative: it has been studied by serious computer scientists and researchers, and remains recommended and even required reading in courses on OS design and implementation.^{[citation needed]} Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. ... Andrew S. Tanenbaum Dr. Andrew Stuart Andy Tanenbaum (sometimes called ast)[1] (born 1944) is a professor of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam in the Netherlands. ... Linus Benedict Torvalds  ; born December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland, is a Finnish software engineer best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel. ... Graphical overview of a microkernel A microkernel is a minimal computer operating system kernel providing only basic operating system services (system calls), while other services (commonly provided by kernels) are provided by user-space programs called servers. ... It has been suggested that Monolithic system be merged into this article or section. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... The Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate is a famous debate started in 1992 by Andrew S. Tanenbaum with Linus Torvalds regarding Linux and kernel architecture in general on Usenet discussion group comp. ...

Partly, terming such a discussion a "flame war" seems to be due to faulty or distorted memory of the discussion itself: it is easier to remember the (relatively few) insulting asides made -- such as Tanenbaum's comment that he would give Torvalds a poor grade for Linux's design -- than it is to remember the technical points, a phenomenon called illusory correlation. To continue the above example, Torvalds and Tanenbaum have both made it clear that they consider their famous discussion to have been mischaracterized. This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... Illusory correlations are beliefs that inaccurately suppose a relationship between a certain type of action and an effect. ...

Technical "advocacy" discussions, concerning the merits or flaws of a technology -- or especially of rival technologies -- can often seem "flamy" simply from the emotional intensity of hobbyists or professionals involved. Some have called the debates about the relative merits of Intel Pentium versus PowerPC, or Pentium 4 versus Athlon XP, or Microsoft Windows versus Mac OS X, or Microsoft Windows versus Linux, or Apple Computer's decision to go with NeXT over BeOS as "flame wars", even though the discussions are often highly technical and non-inflammatory. Pentium MMX - top view The Pentium is a fifth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor by Intel which first shipped on March 22, 1993. ... PowerPC is a RISC microprocessor architecture created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM. Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular embedded and high-performance processors as well. ... The Pentium 4[1] brand refers to Intels single-core mainstream desktop and laptop CPUs introduced on November 20, 2000[2] (August 8, 2008 is the date of last shipments of Pentium 4s[3]). They had the 7th-generation architecture - called NetBurst - which was the companys first all... Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of different x86 processors designed and manufactured by AMD. The original Athlon, or Athlon Classic, was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intels competing processors for a significant... Windows redirects here. ... Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... Apple Inc. ... For other meanings, see Next. ... BeOS is an operating system for personal computers which began development by Be Inc. ...

Also, the debates on certain topics in theoretical physics, such as loop quantum gravity versus string theory between Lubos Motl and John Baez and Steve Carlip has been described by string theorist and Harvard professor of physics Lubos Motl as a "flame war" -- despite the fact that they were a source of fruitful articles on quasinormal modes of black hole physics. Loop quantum gravity (LQG), also known as loop gravity and quantum geometry, is a proposed quantum theory of spacetime which attempts to reconcile the seemingly incompatible theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity. ... Interaction in the subatomic world: world lines of pointlike particles in the Standard Model or a world sheet swept up by closed strings in string theory This box:      String theory is a model of fundamental physics, whose building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects called strings, rather than the zero... Luboš Motl in a restaurant Luboš Motl (born 1973) is a Czech theoretical physicist who works on string theory and conceptual problems of quantum gravity. ... John Carlos Baez (b. ...

The term "flame war" may also be applied to a heated debate in anticipation of the debate becoming an actual flame war.

Causes of flaming

There is no general agreement on the causes of flaming, although a recent study has led to somewhat conclusive evidence. Some common hypotheses are:

• Some forms of flaming can be attributed to deeper social or psychological weaknesses, probably from lack of exposure to a broader spectrum of disciplines that result in self-control issues.^[3]
• It is noted that Internet users are more likely to flame online than insult others in the real world, as the latter can lead to embarrassment and physical altercations, which online "anonymity" can avoid. Others urge against flaming, citing that people on the other side "have feelings too."

See also

• Fisking
• Godwin's Law

Robert Fisk The term Fisking, or to Fisk, is blogosphere slang describing ruthlessly detailed point-by-point criticism that highlights errors, disputes the analysis of presented facts, or highlights other problems in a statement, article, or essay. ... Godwins law (also known as Godwins Rule of Nazi Analogies)[1] is an adage formulated by Mike Godwin in 1990. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

"Visualizing Argumentation", by Paul A. Kirschner et al (ed), Springer-Verlag, ISBN 1-85233-664-1.

External links

• A compilation of several guides to flaming
• The Executive Suite
• AlphaNovas Dry Board
• Netizen's Guide to Flame Warriors
• Original pie fight posting on Daily Kos
• MediaDailyNews article on the pie fight phenomenon
• dKosopedia entry on pie fight
• Flamewar! a free videogame that mocks flaming behavior
• Flame, Flame on!, Flame bait, Flamage, and Flamer on Ursine's Jargon Wiki.
• Email Etiquette Guide
• Email Etiquette
• Etiquette: Why is it important?
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