Flat Holm (Welsh: Ynys Echni) is a Welsh island lying in the Bristol Channel approximately 3.5 miles from Lavernock Point in Glamorgan. It includes the most southerly point of Wales. Map showing location of bristol channel File links The following pages link to this file: Bristol Channel Categories: CIA World Factbook images ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... Motto: (Welsh for Wales forever) Anthem: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff Official language(s) English, Welsh Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Rhodri Morgan AM Unification    - by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1056  Area    - Total 20,779 km² (3rd in... The location of the Bristol Channel The Severn Bridge and Bristol Channel, looking northwestward from England towards Wales The Bristol Channel coast at Ilfracombe, North Devon, looking west towards Lee Bay The Bristol Channel is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from South West... Lavernock Point is a headland on the coast of South Wales, and lies 8km south of Cardiff and 6km east of Barry, Vale of Glamorgan. ... Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Welsh: ) is one of thirteen historic counties and former administrative counties of Wales. ... Motto: (Welsh for Wales forever) Anthem: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff Official language(s) English, Welsh Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Rhodri Morgan AM Unification    - by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1056  Area    - Total 20,779 km² (3rd in...

Island

Flat Holm is a small, almost circular island, approximately 500 metres in diameter. It rises in a gentle slope from the exposed western rocky shore to more sheltered easterly cliffs, at the top of which stands the prominent lighthouse. The Peggys Point lighthouse in Nova Scotia, Canada An aid for navigation and pilotage at sea, a lighthouse is a tower building or framework sending out light from a system of lamps and lenses or, in older times, from a fire. ...

In the 1860s the island was fortified with a battery of guns. Flat Holm (Welsh: Ynys Echni) is a Welsh island lying in the Bristol Channel approximately 3. ...

On May 13, 1897, Guglielmo Marconi, assisted by George Kemp, a Cardiff Post Office engineer, transmitted the first wireless signals over water from Lavernock (near Penarth in Wales) to Flat Holm. The message sent in Morse code was 'ARE YOU READY.' May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Although Guglielmo Marconi is widely credited as the Inventor of Radio, for some this title is controversial, and competing claims are reviewed in History of radio and Invention of Radio. ... Cardiff (English:  Welsh: ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Lavernock is a small village in the Vale of Glamorgan in South Wales, lying between Penarth and Sully, and overlooking the Bristol Channel. ... Penarth (Welsh: pen head, + garth cliff or hill, or arth bear) is a town in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, lying on the Bristol Channel and Cardiff Bay. ... Motto: (Welsh for Wales forever) Anthem: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff Official language(s) English, Welsh Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Rhodri Morgan AM Unification    - by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1056  Area    - Total 20,779 km² (3rd in... 1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals Morse code is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as dots and dashes — for the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a message. ...

Flat Holm has also been the site of a cholera sanatorium, but is now uninhabited and is known for its gulls and shelducks. Boats sail to the island from Barry. There has been a lighthouse on the island since the 18th century, originally built by William Crispe. Lighthousekeepers lived at the lighthouse until it was automated in 1988. An annual service is held to bless the island. Cholera is a water-borne disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is typically ingested by drinking contaminated water, or by eating improperly cooked fish, especially shellfish. ... Sanatório Heliantia A sanatorium refers to a medical facility for long-term illness, typically cholera or tuberculosis. ... Genera Larus Rissa Pagophila Rhodostethia Xema Creagus Gulls are mammals in the family Laridae. ... Binomial name Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus, 1758) The Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) is a shelduck, a group of large goose-like birds which are part of the bird family Anatidae, which also includes the swans, geese and ducks. ... Barry (Welsh: ) is a town in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1975, South Glamorgan County Council leased the island for the next 99 years, and Flat Holm is now designated as a local nature reserve, as stipulated in that lease. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... South Glamorgan is a ceremonial preserved county of Wales, one of the divisions of the traditional county of Glamorgan. ... A lease or tenancy is an interest in personal property or real property given by a lessor to another person (usually called the lessee or tenant) for a fixed period of time, and the lessee obtains exclusive possession of the property in return for paying the lessor a fixed or... A nature reserve (natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is an area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. ...

It is currently run by Cardiff City Council and is home to over 3,000 pairs of lesser black-backed gulls, 300 pairs of herring gulls, 2 pairs of greater black-backed gulls and varying numbers of shelduck and oystercatchers. A large number of song birds also nest and the island has a rich and varied flora and fauna. Residential groups stay at the island from March to October and day trips are also possible. Cardiff (English:  Welsh: ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city. ... Binomial name Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 The Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus is a large gull which breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. ... Binomial name Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763 The Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, is a large gull which breeds across North America, Europe and Asia. ... Binomial name Larus marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Great Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus, is a very large gull which breeds on the European and North American coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. ... Binomial name Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus, 1758) The Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) is a shelduck, a group of large goose-like birds which are part of the bird family Anatidae, which also includes the swans, geese and ducks. ... Species Magellanic Oystercatcher Blackish Oystercatcher American Black Oystercatcher American Oystercatcher Canarian Black Oystercatcher African Black Oystercatcher Eurasian Oystercatcher Australian Pies Oystercatcher Chatham Islands Oystercatcher Variable Oystercatcher Sooty Oystercatcher The Oystercatchers are a group of waders; they form the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, Haematopus. ... Families Many, see text A songbird or oscine is a bird belonging to the suborder Passeri of Passeriformes (ca. ... In Botany a Flora (or Floræ) is a collective term for plant life and can also refer to a descriptive catalogue of the plants of any geographical area, geological period, etc. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life. ...

The name Holm or Holme derives from the Scandinavian for river island. The nearby Steep Holm is considered part of England. Holm may refer to several villages in Romania: Holm, a village in the town of Podu Iloaiei, IaÅŸi County Holm, a village in PânceÅŸti Commune, NeamÅ£ County Holm may also refer to: Holm, a small residential area in the south of the city of Inverness, Scotland Category... The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages (including English, German, and Dutch) and the East Germanic languages (now extinct). ... River upstream of an Australian trout farm A river is a large natural waterway. ... Categories: UK geography stubs | English islands ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ...

Flat Holm Battery

Flat Holm Battery is a series of gun emplacements on Flat Holm Island in the Bristol Channel. Is part of a line of defences built across the channel to protect the approaches to Bristol and Cardiff. The location of the Bristol Channel The Severn Bridge and Bristol Channel, looking northwestward from England towards Wales The Bristol Channel coast at Ilfracombe, North Devon, looking west towards Lee Bay The Bristol Channel is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from South West... The Palmerston Forts along the Bristol Channel include: Brean Down Fort, Weston-super-Mare Flat Holm Battery, Flat Holm Lavernock Battery, Penarth Nells Point Battery, Barry Island Steep Holm Battery, Steep Holm Categories: | ... Bristol (IPA: ) is a city, unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, 115 miles (185 km) west of London and located at With a population of 400,000, and metropolitan area of 550,000, it is Englands sixth, and the United Kingdoms ninth, most populous city... Cardiff (English:  Welsh: ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city. ...

The island was fortified in the 1860s as part of the works suggested in the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom of 1860. There are four emplacements, running from the northern to southern point of the island along the western coast. In total, nine 7" RMLs were placed on the island. The barracks for the battery were near the southernmost emplacement. This arrangement was vacated in 1901. In 1859 Lord Palmerston instigated the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom because of serious concerns that France might want to invade the UK again. ... A Rifled Muzzle Loader (RML) is a type of large artillery piece invented in the mid 19th century. ... A barracks housing conscripts of Norrbottens regemente in Boden, Sweden. ...

On the outbreak of World War II the island was rearmed with four 4.5" guns and associated searchlights to be used for air and close defence. A Radar station was also placed on the island. These works were abandoned after the war and the site has had no military use since. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... This long range RADAR antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll[1]. RADAR is a system that uses radio waves to determine and map the location, direction, and/or speed...

Preservation Society

The current Flat Holm committee work hard at ensuring that the number of dead gulls on the island doesn't fall below Victorian levels. To this end the society have developed a range of industrial cleaning fluids derived from the carcasses of the sea birds, these help the society to fund themselves and should see them well into the new millenium.

External links

• http://www.palmerstonforts.org.uk/
• Map sources for Flat Holm
• The island's website