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A flat roof is a type of covering of a building. In contrast to the sloped form of a roof, a flat roof is horizontal or nearly horizontal. Materials that cover flat roofs should allow the water to run off freely from a very slight inclination. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1465 KB) Ashdod, Israel. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1465 KB) Ashdod, Israel. ...
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The roofs of Olomouc, Czech Republic. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
Traditionally flat roofs would use a tar and gravel based surface which, as long as there was no pooling of water, was sufficient to prevent penetration. However, these surfaces would tend to fail in colder climates, where ice dams and the like could block the flow of water. Similarly, they tend to be sensitive to sagging of the roof reversing the subtle grading of the surface. Tar can be produced from corn stalks by heating in a microwave. ...
Gravel being unloaded from a barge Gravel is rock that is of a certain grain size range. ...
An ice dam is a geological phenomenon. ...
Modern flat roofs tend to use a continuous membrane covering which can better resist pools of standing water. These membranes are applied as a continuous sheet where possible, though sealants and adhesives are available to allow for bonding multiple sheets and dealing with structures penetrating the roof surface. Far more expensive flat roof options include sealed metal roofs using copper or tin. These are soldered interlocking systems of metal panels. An adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together. ...
A metal roof is a roofing system made from metal pieces or tiles. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Standard atomic weight 118. ...
A solder is a fusible metal alloy, with a melting point or melting range of 180-190°C (360-370 °F), which is melted to join metallic surfaces, especially in the fields of electronics and plumbing, in a process called soldering. ...
Modernist architecture often viewed the flat roof as a living area. Le Corbusier's theoretical works, particularly Vers une Architecture, and the influential Villa Savoye and Unité d'Habitation prominently feature rooftop terraces. This article focuses on the cultural movement labeled modernism or the modern movement. See also: Modernism (Roman Catholicism) or Modernist Christianity; Modernismo for specific art movement(s) in Spain and Catalonia. ...
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965), was a Swiss and later French, (Swiss-born) architect and writer, who is famous for his contributions to what now is called Modern Architecture. ...
The Villa Savoye is considered by many to be the seminal work of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier. ...
Unite dHabitation, Marseille The Unité dHabitation (French, literally, Housing Unit) is the name of a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret-Gris), which formed the basis of numerous housing developments designed by Le Corbusier throughout Europe with this name. ...
Look up terrace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Flat roofs tend to be sensitive to human traffic. Anything which produces a crack or puncture in the surface can quite readily lead to leaks. It is thus not generally advisable to use a flat roof as a living area unless steps are taken to protect the roofing membrane from those using the area, for example, by building a wooden deck over the surface or using paving stones or similar materials to protect the roof membrane. A deck in the backyard of a suburban house. ...
One of the more interesting (re)emerging methods of protecting the roofing membrane is to use a layer of topsoil and grasses. Care should be taken not to plant anything the roots of which will penetrate the membrane surface. The green roof interestingly enough, tends to trap moisture on the roof, but keeps it up in the soil and plants, rather than having it pool down on the membrane surface. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, usually the top six to eight inches. ...
Cut grass growing on in the Hudson River Park Grass is a common word that generally describes a monocotyledonous green plant in the family Poaceae. ...
ROOT is an object-oriented software package developed by CERN. It was originally designed for particle physics data analysis and contains several features specific to this field, but it is also commonly used in other applications such as astronomy and data mining. ...
Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ...
A UK company based in Warwick, Curon Ltd., has developed a new cold-curing fibre-glass reinforced polymer composite that cures when exposed to daylight. Supplied in rolls around a metre in width, it is very simple to lay out on a roof, can easily be formed to complete edge detail, and once the light-protective film is peeled back it cures to form a hard weatherproof surface that can be walked on. It is supplied with a 25 year warranty. Further details can be found at www.curon.co.uk.
Types of Flat Roofs
- Asphalt Built Up Roof - The most common type of flat roof is the asphalt built up roof (BUR). It is made up of multiple layers of reinforcing plies and asphalt. The reflectivity of built up roofs depend on the surfacing material used. Gravel is the most common and they are referred to as tar and gravel roofs. Asphalt degradation is a growing concern. UV-rays oxidize the surface of the asphalt and produces a chalk-like residue. As plasticizers leach out of the asphalt, asphalt built up roofs becomes brittle. Cracking and alligatoring inevitably follows, allowing water to penetrate the system causing blisters, cracks and leaks.
- CSPE - Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene is a synthetic rubber roof. It is more popularly known as Hypalon.
- EPDM - Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer.
- Modified Bitumen
- PVC - Polyvinyl Choride
- TPO - Thermoplastic Polyolefin
- Curon - Cold-curing glass-reinforced polymer composite.
- IB Roof - Stemless modern membrane roof system.
Hypalon is a trademark for a kind of synthetic rubber noted for its resistance to chemicals, temperature extremes, and ultraviolet light. ...
Maintenance and assessment of flat roofs The life expectancy of a flat roof can be proportional to the maintenance done on it. Some assessors use 10 years as an average life cycle, although this is dependent on the type of flat roof system in place. Some old tar and gravel roofers quietly acknowledge that unless a roof has been neglected for too long and there are many problems in many areas, a BUR (a built up roof of tar, paper and gravel) will last indefinitely. There are BUR systems in place dating to the early 1900s. Preventive maintenance (PM) has the following meanings: The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. ...
Tar can be produced from corn stalks by heating in a microwave. ...
Gravel being unloaded from a barge Gravel is rock that is of a certain grain size range. ...
Maintenance includes getting rid of ponding water, typically within 48 hours. This is accomplished by adding roof drains or scuppers for a pond at an edge or automatic siphons for ponds in the center of roofs. An automatic siphon can be created with an inverted ring shaped sprinkler, a garden hose, a wet/dry vacuum, a check valve installed in the vacuum, and a digital timer. The timer runs two or three times a day for a minute or two to start water in the hose. The timer then turns off the vacuum, but the weight of water in the hose continues the siphon and soon opens the check valve in the vacuum. The best time to address the issue of ponding water is during the design phase of a new or roofing project. The quicker you get the water off the roof, the less chance there is for a roof leak to occur. siphon principle A siphon (also spelled syphon) is a continuous tube that allows liquid to drain from a reservoir through an intermediate point that is higher than the reservoir, the up-slope flow being driven only by hydrostatic pressure without any need for pumping. ...
A rotary irrigation sprinkler in action. ...
A garden hose or hosepipe is a kind of hose which is used for watering plants in a garden or a lawn. ...
Regular vacuum cleaner for home use. ...
this siamese clappered inlet allows one or two inputs into a deluge gun A check valve is a mechanical device, a valve, that normally allows fluid or gas to flow through it in only one direction. ...
All roofs should be inspected semi-annually and after major storms. During the roof inspection particular attention should be paid to the flashings around all of the roof top penetrations. The sharp bends at such places can open up and need to be sealed with plastic cement, mesh and a small masons' trowel. Additionally, repairs to lap seams in base flashings should be made. 90% of all roof leaks and failure occur at the flashings. Another important maintenance item, often neglected, is to simply keep the roof drains free of debris. A clogged roof drain will cause water to pond, leading to increased "dead load" weight on building that may not be engineered to accommodate that weight. Additionally, ponding water on a roof can freeze. Often, water finds it's way into a flashing seam and freezes, weakening the seam. A mesh is similar to fabric or a web in that it has many connected or weaved pieces. ...
A gardening trowel Trowel used by the Hon. ...
Look up flashing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ...
Maintenance also includes keeping the tar paper covered with gravel, an older method, currently being replaced with bituminous roofing membranes and the like, which must be 'glued' in place so wind and waves do not move it causing scouring and more bare spots. The glue can be any exterior grade glue like driveway coating. Tar paper is a heavy-duty paper used in construction. ...
Asphalt is a highly viscous liquid that occurs naturally in most crude petroleums. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Look up glue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Maintenance also includes fixing blisters (delaminations) or creases that may not yet be leaking but will leak over time. They may need experienced help as they require scraping away the gravel on a cool morning when the tar is brittle, cutting open, and covering with plastic cement or mastic and mesh. Any moisture trapped in a blister has to be dried before being repaired. For the packaging type, see Blister pack. ...
Binomial name L. Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 3–4 m tall, mainly cultivated for its aromatic resin on the Greek island of Chios,[1]. It is native throughout the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Iberia at the east through southern France and...
Roof coatings can be used to fix leaks and extend the life of all types of flat roofs by preventing degradation by the sun (ultra-violet radiation). A thickness of 30 dry mils is usually preferred and once it is fully cured, you will have a seamless, watertight membrane. A roof coating is a monolithic, fully adhered, fluid applied roofing membrane. ...
Infrared thermography is being used to take pictures of roofs at night to find trouble spots. When the roof is cooling, wet spots not visible to the naked eye, continue to emit heat. The infrared cameras read the heat that is trapped in sections of wet insulation.
Keeping Cool These homes are extremely hot during tropical summer. In places like India, people traditionally built these kind of houses. Some people erect light weight asbestos sheets above the roof so as to shield it from direct sunlight. This method significantly helps to maintain the temperature inside the house to a tolerable limit. Other methods such as pouring water over the roof are also employed by the people.
Roof coatings are also considered cool roofs. When applied correctly, they can reflect up to 90% of the heat from the sun and the reduction in roof surface temperature can translate into savings on air conditioning. A roof coating is a monolithic, fully adhered, fluid applied roofing membrane. ...
The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ...
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