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Flocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or "flakes." The term is also used to refer to the process by which fine particulates are caused to clump together into floc. The floc may then float to the top of the liquid, settle to the bottom of the liquid, or can be readily filtered from the liquid. Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...
Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ...
A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ...
Dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water This article is about a chemical solution; for other uses of the term solution, see solution (disambiguation). ...
The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ...
Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM), aerosols or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. ...
Settling is the process by which particulates settle to the bottom of a liquid and form a sediment. ...
In chemistry, alchemy and water treatment, filtration is the process of using a filter to mechanically separate a mixture. ...
In geology, flocculation is a condition in which clays, polymers or other small charged particles become attached and form a fragile structure, a floc. In dispersed clay slurries, flocculation occurs after mechanical agitation ceases and the dispersed clay platelets spontaneously form flocs because of attractions between negative face charges and positive edge charges. This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Gay Head cliffs in Marthas Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. ...
A slurry is in general a thick suspension of solids in a liquid and may be: Look up slurry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In biology the process is used to refer to the asexual aggregation of microorganisms, most commonly brewing yeast at the end of a brew.
Flocculation & sedimentation is widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as sewage treatment, stormwater treatment and treatment of other industrial wastewater streams. Control room and schematics of the water purification plant to Bret lake. ...
Drinking water Mineral Water Drinking water is water that is intended to be ingested by humans. ...
Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. ...
Flocculants
Flocculants, or flocculating agents, are chemicals that are used to promote flocculation by causing colloids and other suspended particles in liquids to aggregate, forming a floc. Flocculants are used in water treatment processes to improve the sedimentation or filterability of small particles. For example, a flocculant may be used in swimming pool or drinking water filtration to aid removal of microscopic particles which would otherwise cause the water to be cloudy and which would be difficult or impossible to remove by filtration alone. In general, a colloid or colloidal dispersion is a substance with components of one or two phases, a type of mixture intermediate between a homogeneous mixture (also called a solution) and a heterogeneous mixture with properties also intermediate between the two. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Drinking water Mineral Water Drinking water is water that is intended to be ingested by humans. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
Many flocculants are multivalent cations such as aluminium, iron, calcium or magnesium. These positively charged molecules interact with negatively charged particles and molecules to reduce the barriers to aggregation. In addition, many of these chemicals, under appropriate pH and other conditions, react with water to form insoluble hydroxides which, upon precipitating, link together to form long chains or meshes, physically trapping small particles into the larger floc. An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 26. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 40. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white solid at room temp Standard atomic weight 24. ...
Long-chain polymer flocculants, such as modified polyacrylamides, are manufactured and sold by the flocculant producing business.
Modified Polyacrylamides can be supplied in dry or liquid form for use in the flocculation process. The most common liquid polyacrylamide is supplied as an emulsion with 10-40% actives and the rest is a carrier fluid, surfactants and latex. Emulsion polymers require activation to invert the emulsion and allow the electrolyte groups to be exposed.
Other factors such as pH, temperature, and salinity can induce flocculation or influence flocculation rates. The correct title of this article is . ...
Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean. ...
The following chemicals are used as flocculants:
The following natural products are used as flocculants: A crystal of alum Alum, Allom [aluminium potassium sulphate], in chemistry, is a term given to the crystallized double sulfates of the typical formula M+2SO4·M3+2(SO4)3·24H2O, where M+ is the sign of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium), and M3+ denotes one...
Aluminium chlorohydrate is a group of salts having the general formula AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m. ...
Aluminium sulfate is a widely used industrial chemical. ...
Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as lime, quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. ...
R-phrases , S-phrases , Related Compounds Other anions Iron(III) fluoride Iron(III) bromide Other cations Iron(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride Cobalt(II) chloride Ruthenium(III) chloride Related coagulants Iron(II) sulfate Polyaluminium chloride Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25...
Iron(II) sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English), also known as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) is an ionic compound. ...
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Sodium silicate, also known as water glass or liquid glass, available in aqueous solution and in solid form, is a compound used in cements, passive fire protection, refractories, textile and lumber processing. ...
Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed ß-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). ...
Binomial name Moringa oleifera Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to simply as Moringa, is the most widely cultivated variety of the genus Moringa. ...
Papain is a protease enzyme (EC 3. ...
Species about 190 Strychnos is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to family Loganiaceae. ...
Isinglass is a substance obtained from the swimbladders of fish (especially Beluga sturgeon), used mainly for the clarification of wine and beer. ...
Coagulants The terms flocculant and coagulant are sometimes used interchangeably, but it is more accurate to use the term coagulant for a chemical that contributes to molecular aggregation, rather than particular aggregation.[citation needed] Usually dissolved substances are aggregated into microscopic particles by a coagulant and then these particles may be flocculated into a macroscopic floc with a flocculant. In general, coagulants will have higher net charge and a lower molecular weight than flocculants.
Note: Flocculation is not the same as coagulation. Coagulation is the irreversible clumping of particles, ie. caking had occurred.[citation needed]
Deflocculation A deflocculant is a chemical that is added to prevent a colloid from coming out of suspension. A deflocculant is a thinning agent used to reduce viscosity or prevent flocculation; incorrectly called a dispersant. ...
See also Look up Aggregation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The term aggregation may refer to— in economics, combining entities into a single entity which represent them, like aggregation of individual demand to total, or market, demand. ...
Clay-water interaction is an all-inclusive term to describe various progressive interactions between clay minerals and water. ...
Coagulation is the process by which a liquid changes to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state by some kind of chemical reaction, rather than by evaporation. ...
A deflocculant is a thinning agent used to reduce viscosity or prevent flocculation; incorrectly called a dispersant. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
For information on water from a sea or ocean, see sea water. ...
flOw is a Flash game created by Jenova Chen and Nicholas Clark. ...
Sedimentation describes the motion of particles in solutions or suspensions in response to an external force such as gravity, centrifugal force or electric force. ...
External links - REDOX Water Technology
- Flocculators
References - John Gregory, 2006, Particles in water: properties and processes, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 1-58716-085-4
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