The state bird, Indian Roller

The state of Karnataka located in South India has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. It has a recorded forest area of 38720 km² which constitutes 20.19% of the total geographical area of the state.^[1]. These forests support 25% of the elephant population and 10% of the tiger population of India.^[1] Many regions of Karnataka are as yet unexplored and new species of flora and fauna are found periodically. The mountains of Western Ghats which are in the western region of Karnataka are a biodiversity hotspot. Two sub-clusters of these Western Ghats viz. Talacauvery and Kudremukh which are located in Karnataka are in the tentative list of sites that could be designated as World Heritage Site by UNESCO.^[2] Image File history File links Coraciasbenghalensis. ... Image File history File links Coraciasbenghalensis. ... Binomial name Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) The Indian Roller also earlier locally incorrectly called the Blue Jay, (Coracias benghalensis) is a member of the roller family of birds which breeds in tropical southern Asia from Iraq to Thailand. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ... Categories: Stub ... Kudremukh is a small town in Chikamangalore District of Karnataka, India. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...

National parks in Karnataka

Karnataka has five national parks.

Anshi National Park

Candy Corn plant (Wigatea Spicata) found in Anshi National Park

This park is present in the Uttara Kannada district and spreads over an area of 250 km². The altitude varies from 27 metres (89 ft) to 927 metres (3,041 ft) , and temperatures from 15°C to 35°C. Average annual rainfall is about 4,700 millimetres (185 in) . A national park located in the North Kannada district of Karnataka, in India. ... A national park located in the North Kannada district of Karnataka, in India. ... Location of Uttara Kannada district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

• Flora^[3]: The area has semi-evergreen and evergreen forests. Some common tree species in the area are Callophyllum tomentosa, Callophyllum wightianum, Garcina cambogia, Garcina morealla, Knema attenuata, Hopea wightiana, Tetrameles nudiflora, Alstonia scholaris, Flacourtia montana, Machilus marcrantha, Carallia brachiata, Artocarpus hitsuta, Artocarpus laoocha and Cinnamomum zeylanicum.
• Fauna^[3]: Mammals in the park include elephant, gaur, wild pig, sambar, spotted deer, barking deer, mouse deer, common langur, bonnet macaque, slender loris, tiger, jungle cat, leopard (black panther), leopard cat, small Indian civet, common mongoose, jackal, wild dog, sloth bear, malabar giant squirrel, giant flying squirrel and porcupine. King cobra, python, cobra, rat snake, viper and krait are among the snakes that inhabit the park. Interesting birds include the great pied hornbill, malabar pied hornbill and ceylon frogmouth.

Species See text Alstonia is a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs from the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). ... Species See text Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae. ... Species See text Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae. ... Species See text Cinnamomum is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae. ... Binomial name Macaca radiata (E. Geoffroy, 1812) The Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) is a macaque living in India. ... Binomial name Loris tardigradus Linneaus, 1758 The Red Slender Loris (Loris tardigradus) is a small, nocturnal prosimian native to India and Sri Lanka. ... Genera Chrotogale Cynogale Diplogale Hemigalus Arctogalidia Macrogalidia Paguma larvata Paradoxurus Civettictis Viverra Viverricula With one exception, civets are some of the members of the family Viverridae. ... Genera Aceros Anorrhinus Anthracoceros Buceros Bucorvus Ceratogymna (=Bycanistes) Ocyceros Penelopides Tockus Hornbills (Family Bucerotidae) are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cows horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. ...

Bandipur National Park

Indian Tiger at Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary

Peacock in Bandipur National Park

It is situated within Chamarajanagar district covering an area of over 800 km² and adjoins the states of Tamil Nadu & Kerala. In 1973, Bandipur became one of the first of India's Tiger Reserves and became a part of Project Tiger. In 1974, intention was declared under the Wildlife Protection Act to notify it as a National Park. Bandipur National Park is one of Indias best known sanctuaries, and is an important Project Tiger reserve. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1784x1192, 730 KB)[edit] Summary Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) in June 2006 [edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1784x1192, 730 KB)[edit] Summary Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) in June 2006 [edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1176x1432, 428 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) at Bandipur National Park, Karnataka, July 2003 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1176x1432, 428 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) at Bandipur National Park, Karnataka, July 2003 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Bandipur National Park is one of Indias best known sanctuaries, and is an important Project Tiger reserve. ... Chamarajanagar ಚಾಮರಾಜನಗರ is the southern-most district in the state of Karnataka, India. ... The Royal Bengal Tiger. ...

• Flora^[3]: The scrub jungles towards the eastern limits of the park consist of stunted trees, interspersed with bushes and open grassy patches. Towards its north-western fringes, there is a gradual shift in the vegetation from open dry deciduous forests to tropical mixed deciduous forests. These diverse habitats support an enormous diversity of animal life.
• Fauna^[3]: The mamals found here are Elephant (Elephas maximus), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Chital or Spotted deer (Axis axis), Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) or Barking deer, Mouse deer (Tragulus meminna), Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata), Slender loris (Loris tardigradus), Common giant flying squirrel (Petaurists petaurista), Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Dhole or Asiatic wild dog(Cuon alpinus), Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii), Smooth Indian otter (Lutra perspicillata), Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). Among the 230 species of birds identified here, some of the important groups include Herons, Storks, Egrets, Ducks, Kites, Eagles, Falcons, Quails, Partridges, Wildfowl, Lapwings, Sandpipers, Pigeons, Doves, Parakeets, Cuckoos, Owls, Nightjars, Swifts, Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Munias. Reptiles like Marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), Indian pond terrapin, Starred tortoise (Geochelone elegans), Common Indian monitor (Varanus bengalensis), Indian chameleon (Chameleo zeylanicus), Skinks (Mabuya spp.), Geckos (Hemidactylus), Common rat snake (Ptyas mucosus), Spectacled cobra, Russell's viper (Vipera russelli), Common krait, Indian python (Python molurus), Checkered keelback, Green whip snake, Common Indian bronzeback (Dendrelaphis tristis) and Trinket snake (Elaphe) are found here

Binomial name Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 The Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) is a species of elephant formerly known as the Indian Elephant. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 The Gaur (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of the hilly areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia, which may be found wild or domesticated. ... Binomial name Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) The sambar is a deer and a member of the family Cervidae. ... Binomial name Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) The chital (also spelled cheetal) or spotted deer is a large spotted deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka and most of India. ... Binomial name Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann, 1780 The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous muntjac deer species. ... Binomial name Macaca radiata (E. Geoffroy, 1812) The Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) is a macaque living in India. ... Binomial name Loris tardigradus Linneaus, 1758 The Red Slender Loris (Loris tardigradus) is a small, nocturnal prosimian native to India and Sri Lanka. ... Binomial name Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family, one of four big cats that belong to the Panthera genus. ... This page is about the animal. ... Binomial name Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 The Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), or Asian Palm Civet, is a cat-sized mammal in the family Viverridae native to South-east Asia and southern China. ... Binomial name Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) The Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is a nocturnal bear with shaggy fur which inhabits the lowland forests of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. ... See also H. P. Lovecrafts fictional monster Dhole Binomial name Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) The Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a mammal of the Canidae family. ... Binomial name Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758) The Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is closely related to the Brown Hyena, but lives in northern Africa, the Middle East, and western India. ... Binomial name Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 Golden Jackals (Canis aureus), also called Asiatic or Common Jackals, are small jackals native to northern and central Africa and southern Asia. ... Binomial name Manis crassicaudata Gray, 1827 The Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is a pangolin or scaly ant-eater that is found in many parts of India. ... Binomial name Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 Distribution of Crocodylus palustris The Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), also called the Iranian, Marsh, or Persian Crocodile (in Persian گاندو Gandu), is found throughout the Indian subcontinent and the surrounding countries (India, Pakistan; in Pakistans coastal regions of the Makran and delta marshlands of... Binomial name Geochelone elegans Schoepf, 1795 The Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans) is a species of tortoise found in dry areas and scrub forest in India. ... Classification of genus Hemidactylus: Hemidactylus agrius Hemidactylus albopunctatus Hemidactylus aporus Hemidactylus arnoldi Hemidactylus barodanus Hemidactylus bavazzanoi Hemidactylus bayonii Hemidactylus bouvieri Hemidactylus bowringii Hemidactylus brookii Hemidactylus citernii Hemidactylus curlei Hemidactylus depressus Hemidactylus dracaenacolus Hemidactylus echinus Hemidactylus fasciatus Hemidactylus flaviviridis Hemidactylus forbesii Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus funaiolii Hemidactylus garnotii Hemidactylus giganteus Hemidactylus gracilis... Binomial name Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Ptyas mucosa Scale pattern Dhaman or Oriental Ratsnake Ptyas mucosus is a species of snake. ... Binomial name Vipera russelli (Shaw, 1797) The Russells Viper is a common and highly venomous terrestrial snake, usually found in open country from India and Sri Lanka to Burma, Taiwan and Java. ... Binomial name Python molurus molurus The Indian Python or Indian Rock Python (Python molurus molurus) is a python found in India, especially in the estuarine mangrove forest, the arid scrub jungle and the cool dense rain forests. ... Binomial name Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin, 1803) The Bronzeback Dendrelaphis tristis is a species of tree-snake found in South Asia. ... Rat snakes are a large, polyphyletic, group of snakes from the Colubrid subfamily Colubrinae. ...

Bannerghatta National Park

Lone Tusker in Nagarhole National Park

It is located near Bangalore district and cover over 115 km² of area. Altitude varies from 740 metres (2,428 ft) to 1,034 metres (3,392 ft) , temperature from 20° to 35°C and the average annual rainfall is 700 millimetres (28 in) . A panther at Bannerghatta Zoo Bannerghatta National Park is situated 22 km south of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x1480, 356 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) during August 2001 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x1480, 356 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) during August 2001 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Nagarhole National Park (also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park) is located 94 km away from Mysore. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

• Flora^[3]: The area has mostly dry deciduous forests and thorny scrub, with patches of moist deciduous forests along the streams. Tree species in the park include Anogeissus latifolia, Schleichera oleosa, Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia arjuna, Grewia tilaefolia, Santalum album, Shorea talura, Emblica officinalis, Vitex altissima, Wrightia tinctoria, Randia sp., Zizphus sp. and Albizzia sp.. Bamboos are common in the park, the dominant species being Dendrocalamus strictus. A small area of the park has plantations of Eucalyptus, Bauhinia purpurea, Samanea saman and Peltphorum pterocarpum.
• Fauna^[3]: Mammals in the park include leopard, gaur, elephant, jackal, fox, wild pig, sloth bear, sambar, spotted deer, barking deer, common langur, bonnet macaque, porcupine and hare. A tiger has recently been sighted in the park.

species Anogeissus is a genus of trees native to South Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Africa, belonging to family Combretaceae. ... In Roman mythology, Terminus was the god of boundaries. ... In Roman mythology, Terminus was the god of boundaries. ... Grewioideae is a subfamily of the Malvaceae family. ... Species see text Santalum is a genus of woody flowering plants, the most well known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian Sandalwood tree, . Members of the genus are trees or shrubs. ... Species About 360 species, including: Shorea academia Shorea acuminata Shorea acuminatissima Shorea affinis Shorea agamii Shorea albida Shorea almon Shorea amplexicaulis Shorea aptera Shorea argentifolia Shorea assamica Shorea atrinervosa Shorea balangeran Shorea beccariana Shorea bracteolata Shorea brunnescens Shorea collina Shorea compressa Shorea congestiflora Shorea contorta Shorea cordifolia Shorea crassa Shorea... Species About 250 species, including: Vitex altissima Vitex agnus-castus Vitex capitata Vitex cofassus Vitex divaricata Vitex doniana Vitex incisa Vitex leucoxylon Vitex lignum-vitae Vitex lindenii Vitex lucens Vitex negundo Vitex parviflora Vitex peduncularis Vitex quinata Vitex rotundifolia Vitex trifolia Vitex zeyheri Vitex (also called Chasteberry or Monks... Species 23 species, including: Wrightia antidysenterica Wrightia arborea Wrightia coccinea Wrightia laevis Wrightia pubescens Wrightia religiosa Wrightia sikkimensis Wrightia tinctoria Wrightia is a genus of 23 species of flowering plants in the Apocynaceae (dogbane) family, native to tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. ... Species About 150 species Albizia (syn. ... Genera Many, see text Bamboos are a group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae. ... Species See text Bauhinia is a genus of more than 200 species of flowering plants in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the large flowering plant family Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. ...

Kudremukh National Park

Spread over an area of 600.32 km² it encompasses regions in the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Chikmagalur. Altitude varies from 134 metres (440 ft) to 1,892 metres (6,207 ft). The park has a pleasant climate, with temperatures ranging from 17° to 28°C. Annual rainfall varies from 1,778 millimetres (70 in) to 6,350 millimetres (250 in) , with an average of 4,000 millimetres (157 in) . The rivers Nethravati, Tunga and Bhadra are believed to originate here at Ganga Moola. A national park which extends over tho districts of Karnataka in India which are: Dakshin Kannada and Chikmaglur. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Tunga may refer to: A river in India. ... In Hinduism, Bhadra is a goddess of the hunt and one of Shivas servants. ...

• Flora^[3]: The park has mostly evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. Shola grassland habitat is found at elevations above 1,400 metres (4,593 ft). Evergreen trees include Poeciloneuron indicum, Heligrarna arnottiana, Artocarpus sp., Calophyllum sp., Alstonia scholaris, Canarium strictum, Syzygium cumini, Flacourtia montana, Symplocos spicata, Hopea parviflora, Mesua ferra and Evodia' roxburghiana. There are also a few plantations of Eucalyptus, Casuarina and Acacia auriculiformis.
• Fauna^[3]: Mammals in the park include tiger, leopard, wild dog, jackal, lion-tailed macaque, common langur, sloth bear, gaur, sambar, spotted deer, barking deer, Malabar giant squirrel, giant flying squirrel, porcupine and mongoose. Reptiles are represented by snakes and tortoises. Bird species in the park include the Malabar trogon, great pied hornbill, Malabar whistling thrush and imperial pigeon.

Shola is a type of high-altitude stunted evergreen forest found in southern India. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Species See text Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family Moraceae. ... Species Calophyllum amoenum Calophyllum angulare Calophyllum angustifolium Calophyllum antillanum Calophyllum australianum Calophyllum austroindicum Calophyllum bicolor Calophyllum biflorum Calophyllum blancoi Calophyllum bracteatum Calophyllum brasiliense Calophyllum cholobtaches Calophyllum calaba Calophyllum caledonicum Calophyllum candidissimum Calophyllum canum Calophyllum carrii Calophyllum cerasiferum Calophyllum collinum Calophyllum cordato-oblongum Calophyllum coriaceum Calophyllum costatum Calophyllum curtisii Calophyllum dasypodum... Species See text Alstonia is a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs from the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). ... Species See text Canarium is a genus of about 75 species of tropical trees in the family Burseraceae, native to tropical Africa and southern Asia, from southern Nigeria east to Madagascar, Mauritius, India, southern China, Indonesia and the Philippines. ... Species About 500; see text Syzygium is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to the myrtle family Myrtaceae. ... Genera Symplocos Symplocaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, including only one genus, Symplocos, with about 250 species native to Asia, Australia and the Americas. ... Species Mesua ferrea Mesua ferruginea Mesua lepidota Mesua nervosa Mesua is a small genus of three or four species of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae, native to tropical southern Asia. ... Species About 5-10 species including: Tetradium danielii - Korean Euodia Tetradium hupehensis - Hubei Euodia Tetradium is a genus of about 5 to 10 species of trees in the family Rutaceae, occurring in temperate to tropical east Asia. ...

Nagarhole National Park

A pair of Chitals in Nagarhole National Park

Male Gaur in Nagarhole National Park

Also known as Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park gets its name from the Nagara Hole ("Snake River" in Kannada) which runs eastwards through its centre. Nagarahole river flows through the park before it joins the Kabini river that also acts as a boundary between Nagarahole and Bandipur. The park covers an area of about 575 km². The Waynad Wildlife Sanctuary of Kerala adjoins to the Southeast. Nagarhole National Park (also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park) is located 94 km away from Mysore. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1484x996, 432 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) during August 2001 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1484x996, 432 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) during August 2001 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1480x992, 457 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) during August 2001 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1480x992, 457 KB) Photograph taken by self (Dineshkannambadi) during August 2001 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

• Flora^[3]: These forests are dominated by teak and rosewood. The eastern limits of the park consist of regenerating dry deciduous forests. The west region of the park contains tropical moist and semi-evergreen forests. Interspersed with these forests are swampy fallows called hadlus, which are dominated by grasses and are favoured grazing areas of many wild herbivores.
• Fauna^[3]: Some of the species of mammals found in this park are Elephant (Elephas maximus), Gaur (Bos gauras), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Chital or Spotted deer or Axis deer (Axis axis), Muntjac or Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Chevrotain or Mouse deer (Tragulus meminna), Four horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), Giant fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus), Tiger (Panthera Tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Rusty spotted Cat (Felis rubiginosa), Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Dhole or Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) and Flying fox (Ptreopus giganteus), the largest Indian Bat. Among the 250 species of birds identified in this park include Herons, Storks, Egrets, Ducks, Kites, Eagles, Falcons, Partridges, Quails, Peafowl, Owls, Lapwings, Sandpipers, Pigeons, Doves, Parakeets, Cuckoos, Nightjars, Swifts, Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, Barbets, Swallows, Larks, Woodpeckers, Shrikes and Orioles. Reptiles include Marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), Indian pond terrapin, Star tortoise, Common Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis), Forest calotes, Southern green calotes, Skinks (Mabuya spp.), Geckos, Spectacled cobra, Russell's viper, Common krait, Indian python (Python molurus), Checkered keelback, Green whip snake, Common Indian bronzeback, Flying snake, Wolf snake and Trinket snake.

Binomial name Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 The Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) is a species of elephant formerly known as the Indian Elephant. ... Binomial name Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) The sambar is a deer and a member of the family Cervidae. ... Binomial name Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) The chital (also spelled cheetal) or spotted deer is a large spotted deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka and most of India. ... Binomial name Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann, 1780 The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous muntjac deer species. ... Binomial name Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family, one of four big cats that belong to the Panthera genus. ... This page is about the animal. ... Binomial name Felis chaus Schreber, 1777 The Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), also called Swamp Lynx (although not related to the lynxes), is a small cat with a rather short tail (length 70 cm, plus 30 cm tail). ... Binomial name Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 The Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), or Asian Palm Civet, is a cat-sized mammal in the family Viverridae native to South-east Asia and southern China. ... Binomial name Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) The Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is a nocturnal bear with shaggy fur which inhabits the lowland forests of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. ... See also H. P. Lovecrafts fictional monster Dhole Binomial name Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) The Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a mammal of the Canidae family. ... Binomial name Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 Distribution of Crocodylus palustris The Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), also called the Iranian, Marsh, or Persian Crocodile (in Persian گاندو Gandu), is found throughout the Indian subcontinent and the surrounding countries (India, Pakistan; in Pakistans coastal regions of the Makran and delta marshlands of... Binomial name Python molurus molurus The Indian Python or Indian Rock Python (Python molurus molurus) is a python found in India, especially in the estuarine mangrove forest, the arid scrub jungle and the cool dense rain forests. ...

Wildlife sanctuaries in Karnataka

Malabar Gaint Squirrel, found in the Wildlife parks of Karnataka

The Great Indian Hornbill, found in the forests of Karnataka

Pair of Painted storks in Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary

Striped Tiger Butterfiles in Biligirirangan Wildlife Sanctuary

Lotus pods seen in Biligirirangan Wildlife Sanctuary

Rufous Babbler at Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary

Karnataka also has the following 21 wildlife sanctuaries: Image File history File linksMetadata Ratufa_indica. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Ratufa_indica. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (693x928, 176 KB) Description: Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), de: Doppelhornvogel im Kölner Zoo, Tropenhaus Camera: Aufgenommen mit einer Nikon Coolpix 5700 Photograph/Source: Wilfried Berns/ Tiermotive. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (693x928, 176 KB) Description: Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), de: Doppelhornvogel im Kölner Zoo, Tropenhaus Camera: Aufgenommen mit einer Nikon Coolpix 5700 Photograph/Source: Wilfried Berns/ Tiermotive. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ...

• Adichunchanagiri Peacock Sanctuary: This is located in Mandya district and is spread over 0.88 km². This was created mainly for the conservation of peacocks.

• Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Mysore district and is spread over 13.5 km². This park consists of eucalyptus and sandalwood platations. Leopard, fox and spotted deer are some of the animal species found here

• Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in the Chamarajanagar district and is spread over 539.58 km². Some of the species of flora found here are Anogeissus latifolia, Grewia Tilaefolia and Syzygium cumini. Species of mammals include elephants, tigers, leopards, sloth bear, gaur, barking deer and sambar. Among the 215 species of birds found here include Nilgiri wood pigeon, Malabar whistling thrush, yellow-throated bulbul, peregrine falcon, rufousbellied hawk eagle. An endangered amphibian, Icthyophis ghytinosus' has been reported in this sanctuary.

• Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located between the Chikkamagaluru and Shimoga districts and is spread over 492.46 km². Common species of flora include Lagerstromia Lanceolata, Adina cordifolia and Careya arborea. Mammals include tiger, leopard, elephant, gaur, slender loris and pangolin. Among the bird species found here are rubythroated bulbul, shama, Malabar whistling thrush and paradise flycatcher.

• Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Kodagu district and is spread over an area of 181.80 km². The evergreen forests in this sanctuary include species like Cinnamomum zeylancium, Cedrela toona and Alstonia scholaris. Bamboos are dominant here and include species like Bambusa bambos and Dendrocalamus strictus. Mammals include elephant, gaur, tiger, jungle cat, bonnet macaque and Nilgiri marten.

• Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary: It is spread across the districts of Bangalore, Mysore and Mandya and is spread over 102.59 km². Dry decidious trees found in this park include species like Terminalia arjuna and Syzgium cumini. Animal species found in this park include leopard, elephant, sambar and common otter. This is also one of the last refuge of the highly endangered grizzled giant squirrel in Karnataka. Bird species include grrn billed malkoha, whitebrowed bulbul and pigmy woodpecker. This sanctaury is also famous for mahseer fish (Tor sp.)

• Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Uttara Kannada district and is spread over 475.02 km². Common tree species found here are Dalbergia Latifolia, Terminalia paniculata, T. Tomentosa and vitex altissima. Mammal species include elephant, gaur, wild pig, slender loris, Malabar giant squirrel and barking deer.

• Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary: This is locted in Bellary district and is spread over 55.87 km². This sanctuary was mainly created for the preservation of sloth bears.

• Ghataprabha Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Belgaum district and is spread over 20.78 km². This sacntuary is known for migratory birds like demoiselle crane and European white stork.

• Melukote Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Mandya district and is spread over 45.82 km². An endangered species of flora, Cycas circinalis is found here. Mammal species include wolf, leopard, blackbuck and pangolin.

• Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Udupi district and is spread over 247 km². Some of the tree species found here are Dipterocarpus indicus, Calophyllum tomentosum and Hopea parviflora. An endangered species of climber Coscinium fenestratum has been recorded here. Slender loris, lion-tailed macaque, sambar and chital are some of the animals found here. The endangered cane turtle is also found here.

• Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Mysore district and is spread over 30.32 km². Common species of flora include Emblica officinalis, Santalum album and Dendrocalamus strictus. Mammals include elephant, gaur, leopard, spotted deer and common palm civet.

• Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Kodagu district and is spread over 102.59 km². Some species of flora found here are Hopea parviflora, Schefflera capitata, Xanthalis tomentosa and Ochlandra rheedii. Mammals include elephant, tiger, slender loris, Nilgiri marten and bonnet macaque. Bird species include Great pied hornbill, Malabar trogon and Nilgiri blackbird.

• Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary: This is located in Dharwad district and is spread over 119.00 km². Eucalyptus are the dominant species of trees found here. Cassia fistula, Prosopsis julifora and Zizyhus mauritania are other tree species found here. This sanctuary was created mainly for the conservation of blackbucks. This sanctuary is also a habitat for the endangered Great Indian Bustard.

• Sharavathi Valley Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Shimoga district and is spread over 431.23 km². Dipterocarpus indicus, Caryota urens and Dillenia pentagyna are some of the species of flora found here. Tiger, leopard, mouse deer, bonnet macaque and common langur are some of the animal species found here. Snakes are commonly found here. Paradise flycatcher, racket-tailed drongo and bluethroated barbet are some of the bird species found here.

• Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Shimoga district and is spread over 395.60 km². Cassina fistula, Kydia calycina and Wrightia tictoria are some of the species of flora found here. Tiger, leopard, bonnet macaque and Malabar giant squirrel are some of the animal species found here.

• Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Udupi district and is spread over 88.40 km². Machilus Macrantha, Lophopetalum wightanium and Artocarpus hirsuta are some of the species of flora found here. Tiger, leopard, lion-tailed macaque and spotted deer are some of the animal species found here.

• Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary: This is located in Kodagu district and is spread over 105.00 km². Albizzia lebbeck, Artocarpus lakoocha, Dysoxylum malabaricum and Mesua ferrea' are some of the species of flora found here. Clawless otter, elephant, tiger, striped necked mongoose and mouse deer are some of the animal species found here. Fairy bluebird, Malabar trogon and broadbiller roller are some of the avian species found.

Mandya District (Kannada ಮಂಡ್ಯ ) is an administrative district located in Karnataka, India. ... Mysore District (Kannada ಮೈಸೂರು) is an administrative district located in Karnataka, India. ... Chamarajanagar ಚಾಮರಾಜನಗರ is the southern-most district in the state of Karnataka, India. ... This article is about town of Chickmagalur. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Location of the Kodagu district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Bangalore (officially Bengaluru) (Kannada: ; pronunciation: in Kannada and in English) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Mysore   or MaisÅ«ru (Kannada: ) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Mandya (Kannada ಮಂಡ್ಯ)is a city in Mandya District in Karnataka state of India. ... Location of Uttara Kannada district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Bellary District is a district in Karnatka. ... The Belgaum District is a district in the state of Karnataka, India. ... Mandya District (Kannada ಮಂಡ್ಯ ) is an administrative district located in Karnataka, India. ... Udupi District in Karnataka was created in August 1997. ... Mysore District (Kannada ಮೈಸೂರು) is an administrative district located in Karnataka, India. ... Location of the Kodagu district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Dharwad District is an administrative district of the state of Karnataka in southern India. ... Binomial name Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors, 1831) The Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) is a bustard found in India and possibly Pakistan. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Udupi District in Karnataka was created in August 1997. ... Kodagu (Coorg in the old Anglicized form) is a district of Karnataka state in southern India. ...

Bird sanctuaries

• Attiveri Bird Sanctuary: This is located in Uttara Kannada district and is spread over 2.23 km². White ibis, little cormorant, pied kingfisher, common grey hornbill are some of the bird species found here

• Gudavi Bird Sanctuary: This is located in Shimoga district and is spread over 0.73 km². The tree species that dominate this sanctuary are Vitex leucoxylon and Phyllanthus polyphyllus. 191 species of birds are recorded here including white ibis, pheasant-tailed jacana, purplr moorhen and little grebe.

• Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary: This is located in Mysore district and is spread over 0.67 km². Among the tree species found here, is the unique Iphigenia mysorensis. Other tree species include Derris indica and Barringtonia racemosa. This sanctuary is a haven for birds like cormorants, darter, white ibis, great stone plover, cliff swallow, spoonbills, lesser whistling teal and kingfishers.

• Mandagadde Bird Sanctuary: This is located in Shimoga district and is based on a small island on the Tunga river. It is mainly visited by migratory birds like Median Egret (Egretta Intermedia), the Little Cormonant (Phalacrocoorax niger), and the Darter or Snake Bird (Aninga nufa).^[4]

• Kaggaladu Heronry: This is located in Tumkur district and is one of the largest painted storks sanctuary in South India. Some of the birds that nest here are painted storks, grey herons, pelicans, black stilts and ducks.

• Kokkare Bellur Pelicanry: This is located in the town of Kokkare Bellur in Mandya district and is a haven for avian species like Grey or Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) and Painted Stork(Mycteria leucocephala). Infact the word Kokkare means stork in the Kannada language. Apart from pelicans and storks, 141 species of birds have been sighted here.^[5]

• Bankapura Peacock Sanctuary: This is loacted in Haveri district and spread over an area of 139.10 acres. This sanctuary was created mainly for the conservation of peacocks.

Location of Uttara Kannada district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Categories: Stub ... Mysore District (Kannada ಮೈಸೂರು) is an administrative district located in Karnataka, India. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Tunga may refer to: A river in India. ... Kaggaladu (Kannada: ಕಗ್ಗಲಡು) is a small village in the historic Sira Taluk of Tumkur district in south-eastern part of Karnataka state. ... Tumkur (Kannada: ತುಮಕೂರು) is an administrative district in the state of Karnataka in India. ... Mandya District (Kannada ಮಂಡ್ಯ ) is an administrative district located in Karnataka, India. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Haveri is a district in Karnataka, India. ...

Recently discovered species

Flora

The following new species of flora were discovered in Karnataka:

• Isoetes udupiensis: A flowering plant of genus Isoetes discovered in Udupi district.^[6]
• Paracautleya bhatii: A form of ginger discovered near Manipal in Udupi district ^[6]
• Isachne veldkampii: A form of grass discovered near Manipal in Udupi district^[6]
• Cosmarium bourrellyi: A form of algae discovered in a paddy field at Belgaum.^[7]
• Cosmarium desikacharyi: A form of algae discovered in a paddy field at Belgaum.^[7]
• Pisolithus indicus: A form of fungi discovered in Uppangala forests of Kodagu district.^[8]

Udupi District in Karnataka was created in August 1997. ... Manipal is a small town in state of Karnataka, India. ... Udupi District in Karnataka was created in August 1997. ... Manipal is a small town in state of Karnataka, India. ... Udupi District in Karnataka was created in August 1997. ... Belgaavi (previously known as Belgaum in English) ( Kannada: ಬೆಳಗಾವಿ, Marathi: बेळगांव) ( ), also known as Belgaon , is a city and a municipal corporation in Belgaum district in the state of Karnataka, India. ... Belgaavi (previously known as Belgaum in English) ( Kannada: ಬೆಳಗಾವಿ, Marathi: बेळगांव) ( ), also known as Belgaon , is a city and a municipal corporation in Belgaum district in the state of Karnataka, India. ... Location of the Kodagu district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ...

Fauna

The following species of fauna were discovered in Karnataka:

• Dilobocondyla bangalorica: A species of ant discovered in the campus of Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore^[9]
• Philautus luteolus: A medium-sized yellow coloured frog discovered near Kudremukh.^[10]
• Philautus tuberohumerus: A tiny dark brown frog discovered near Kudremukh.^[10]
• Nyctibatrachus petraeus: A frog discovered near Castle Rock, Uttara Kannada district.^[11]
• Batasio sharavatiensis:A bagrid catfish discovered in the Sharavathi river near Jog Falls, Uttara Kannada district. ^[12]
• Puntius Coorgensis: A fish discovered near Bhagamandala in Kaveri river of Kodagu district.^[13]
• Schistura nagodiensis: A fish species discovered in Sharavathi river, Algod, Shimoga district.^[14]
• Schistura sharavathiensis: A fish species discovered in Sharavathi river, Algod, Shimoga district^[14]
• Discothyrea sringerensis: A species of ant discovered in a reserved forest near Sringeri, Chikkamagaluru district^[15]
• Distinctaleyrodes setosus: A new genus and species of whitefly found in Kudremukh National Park.^[16]
• Gegeneophis madhavai: A caecilian discovered in the surroundings of Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary.^[17]
• Aleurocanthus arecae: A species of whitefly discovered in areca trees in Karnataka.^[18]

The following species of earthworms were found near Linganamakki reservoir in Shimoga district:^[19] The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. ... Bangalore (officially Bengaluru) (Kannada: ; pronunciation: in Kannada and in English) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Species See text. ... Kudremukh is a small town in Chikamangalore District of Karnataka, India. ... Species See text. ... Kudremukh is a small town in Chikamangalore District of Karnataka, India. ... Nyctibatrachus is a genus of true frogs. ... Location of Uttara Kannada district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Sharavathi is a river in India The Sharavathi River originates at Ambuthirtha in Thirthahalli taluk. ... Jog Falls (Kannada-ಜೋಗ ಜಲಪಾತ ) are one of the highest waterfalls in India, located in [[Near Sagar] of Karnataka state. ... Location of Uttara Kannada district with respect to the other districts of Karnataka. ... Species Barbus brevipinnis (Shortfin Barb) Barbus callipterus (Clipper Barb) Barbus conchonius (Rosy Barb) Barbus denisonii (Red Line Torpedo Barb) Barbus nigrofasciatus (Black Ruby Barb) Barbus oligolepis (Checker Barb) Barbus pentazona (Pentazona Barb) Barbus schuberti (Gold Barb) Barbus schwanefeldi (Tinfoil Barb) Barbus tetrazona (Tiger Barb) Barbus ticto (Ticto Barb) Barbus titteya... Bhagamandala is a pilgrimage place in Kodagu, Karnataka, in India. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... Kodagu (Coorg in the old Anglicized form) is a district of Karnataka state in southern India. ... Sharavathi is a river in India The Sharavathi River originates at Ambuthirtha in Thirthahalli taluk. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Sharavathi is a river in India The Sharavathi River originates at Ambuthirtha in Thirthahalli taluk. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Sringeri is the site of the first matha established by the Adi Sankaracharya, the 8th century Hindu reformer and exponent of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. ... Vidyasankara temple in Shringeri. ... A national park which extends over tho districts of Karnataka in India which are: Dakshin Kannada and Chikmaglur. ... Families Rhinatrematidae Ichthyophiidae Uraeotyphlidae Scolecomorphidae Typhlonectidae Caeciliidae The Caecilians are an order (Gymnophiona or Apoda) of amphibians which resemble earthworms or snakes. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ...

• Senapatiella alfredi
• Senapatiella ghatensis
• Senapatiella herbettuensis
• Shimodrilus bhatkalensis
• Shimodrilus karniensis
• Herbettodrilus bahli
• Konkadrilus shimogensis
• Konkadrilus gatesi
• Hoplochaetella lavellei
• Karmiella sulvalliensis
• Wahoscolex michaelseni

Dangers to flora and fauna

Due to various issues, flora and fauna in some parts of Karnataka are being threatened. These issues include poaching, human-wildlife conflict, habitat destruction, pollution and introduction of invasive new species.

Poaching

Despite the best efforts of conservation activists, poaching remains one of the serious problems affecting the flora and fauna in the state. Between the years 1997-2001, a total of 98 elephants have succumbed to poaching in Karnataka. ^[20] Poaching has also affected the breeding of turtles like Olive Ridley on the beaches of Karnataka as well as otters on the river banks. Tigers are also another species that are threatened to extinction by poachers.^[21] Sandalwood, famed for its sculptures and its aroma is frequently poached out of the forests of Karnataka. Teakwood, famed for the furnitures is another species of flora affected by this problem. Staff-shortage, lack of adequate funds and unscientific anti-poaching camps are some of the reasons quoted for continued poaching activities.^[21] For other uses, see Poaching (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) The Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) is one of the smallest species of sea turtle. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... The branches of a young sandalwood tree found in Hawaii Sandalwood is the fragrant wood of trees in the genus Santalum. ... Species Tectona grandis Tectona hamiltoniana Tectona philippinensis Teak (Tectona), also called jati is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia, and is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. ...

Habitat Destruction

Some of the activities that are causing a destruction of habitat of flora and fauna in Karnataka are:

• Construction of dams and reservoirs: Construction of dams causes wide-spread flooding of surrounding areas causing destruction of species that inhabit the area. They also affect the flow of riverine species like fishes and disrupt their normal habits. An example is the construction of the Linganamakki reservoir in Shimoga district that caused the extinction of the grass, Hubbardia heptaneuron.^[20]
• Destruction of forest land for agriculture and other purposes: Large tracts of forest land have been cleaned up for monoculture plantations like teak, coffee and rubber. This has led to the destruction of species that were dependent on the forest. An example of this is loss of special habitats in Karnataka such as Myristica swamps and high altitude grasslands. In the dry zone, they have adversely affected several species dependent on large tracts of scrub such as the wolf and the Great Indian Bustard.
• Mining operations: Mining operations clear out large areas of land and cause destruction to the species dependent on them. An example is the Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited which mined iron ore within the boundaries of the protected Kudremukh National Park.^[16]

This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... ... Shimoga District is in southern part of Karnataka state in India. ... Monoculture describes systems that have very low diversity. ... Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Binomial name Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors, 1831) The Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) is a bustard found in India and possibly Pakistan. ... This article is about mineral extraction. ... A national park which extends over tho districts of Karnataka in India which are: Dakshin Kannada and Chikmaglur. ...

Human-wildlife conflict

Due to the loss of habitat, more and more species of fauna have started to venture into human habitation causing a conflict between humans and fauna. A typical species affected by this is the elephant which ventures out of the forest into human cultivations thereby eating or destroying the crops. In some cases, the elephants have also caused human deaths like an incident that happened in Hassan district where a villager was trampled to death.^[22] Precautionary measures (sometimes illegally) taken up by humans to prevent such mishaps like electric fencing have also led to disastrous consequences like electrocution of fauna.^[23] Hassan (Kannada : ಹಾಸನ) is a district in Karnataka state, India. ... Electric fencing is a type of fence that uses high-voltage electricity to prevent passage of humans and other animals. ... The term electrocution can mean either: accidental death or suicide by electric shock deliberate execution by electric shock, usually involving an electric chair The term is often used incorrectly to refer to a non-fatal event of electric shock. ...

Pollution

Release of industrial waste and human effluents into rivers have caused significant damages to species that reside in rivers and riverbanks. Air pollution is also a significant cause of concern in metros like Bangalore where it has been found that air pollution is discolouring foliage including those of ornamental plants.^[24] A a comparison of the lichen flora of the garden Lal Bagh in Bangalore has revealed that 18 of the 22 species noted in 1980 were no longer present in 1997.^[20] Pollution in rivers like Kabini, Kaveri and Ghataprabha has caused sharp reduction in populations of bird species, including beneficial insectivorous birds like drongos, as well as honeybees.^[20] Lal Bagh Botanical Garden is a prestigious, educative and a beautiful garden in Bangalore, India. ... Bangalore (officially Bengaluru) (Kannada: ; pronunciation: in Kannada and in English) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... The Kabini or Kabani is a river of southern India. ... The Cauvery (sometimes written as Kaveri) is one of the major rivers of southern India. ... The Ghataprabha river is a tributary of the Krishna River and flows in state of Karnataka, India. ...

Invasive new species

Introduction of new species into a habitat has caused serious consequences to the existing species of flora and fauna. A typical example is the introduction of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in the lakes and rivers of Karnataka. This is a carnivorous fish and has caused serious damage to the indigenous fauna living in those lakes and rivers.^[20] Weeds like Eupatorium, Lantana and Parthenium have invaded large tracts of land causing destruction. An increase in Eupatorium is attributed as one of the causes for the spread of the deadly Kyasanur Forest disease (which has a morbility rate of 10%) among humans since it harbors tick populations that are vectors for this disease.^[20] Eucalyptus plantations in the Ranibennur Blackbuck sanctuary has seriously harmed the extremely rare Great Indian Bustard.^[20] Families Akysidae Amblycipitidae Amphiliidae Andinichthyidae â€  Ariidae Aspredinidae Astroblepidae Auchenipteridae Austroglanididae Bagridae Callichthyidae Cetopsidae Chacidae Clariidae Claroteidae Cranoglanididae Diplomystidae Doradidae Erethistidae Heptapteridae Hypsidoridae â€  Ictaluridae Lacantuniidae Loricariidae Malapteruridae Mochokidae Nematogenyidae Pangasiidae Pimelodidae Plotosidae Pseudopimelodidae Schilbeidae Scoloplacidae Siluridae Sisoridae Trichomycteridae Conorhynchos (incertae sedis) Ancharias (incertae sedis) Catfish (order Siluriformes) are a very diverse... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Species See text. ... Species Lantana is a genus of about 150 species of perennial flowering plants, native to tropical regions of the Americas and Africa. ... Binomial name Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. ... Kyasanur forest disease is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. ... Species About 700; see the List of Eucalyptus species Eucalyptus (From Greek, eu + καλύπτω = True Cap) is a diverse genus of trees (and a few shrubs), the members of which dominate the tree flora of Australia. ... Ranibennur is a city in northern Karnataka state, India. ... Binomial name Antilope cervicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) The Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) or Indian Black Buck antelope, is a small antelope native to Northern India, Pakistan and Nepal. ... Binomial name Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors, 1831) The Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) is a bustard found in India and possibly Pakistan. ...

Conservation efforts

Various conservation activities are in progress to protect the biodiversity present in Karnataka. Thes activities are mostly done by voluntary organisations like Wildlife Conservation Society (US and India chapters) and Kudremukh Wildlife Foundation.

Relocation of human population

The presence of human habitation within the core area of reserved forests poses many problems like human-wildlife conflict and destruction of habitat due to agriculture and cattle grazing. Systematic efforts have been made to relocate some of this population into proper zones outside the protected area. An example is the relocation of some villagers from Bhagawathi and Nassehalla habitations within the Kudremukh National Park to safer regions outside it.^[25]

Footnotes