There are 164 vascular plant species on the Norwegianisland of Svalbard. This figure does not include algae, mosses, and lichens, which are non-vascular plants. For an island so far north, 164 species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants are slow growing. They seldom grow higher than 10 cm. Divisions Non-seed-bearing plants Equisetophyta Lycopodiophyta Psilotophyta Pteridophyta Superdivision Spermatophyta Pinophyta Cycadophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophyta Magnoliophyta The vascular plants are a plant group including the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. ... The algae (singular is alga) comprise several different groups of living things that produce energy through photosynthesis. ... Subclasses Sphagnidae Andreaeidae Tetraphidae Polytrichidae Archidiidae Buxbaumiidae Bryidae Moss gametophyte generation plants with a single sporophyte. ... Crustose and foliose lichens on a wall Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up by the association of microscopic green algae or cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi. ... Divisions Simple nonvascular plants Green algae Complex nonvascular plants Bryophyta, mosses Hepaticophyta, liverworts Anthocerotophyta, hornworts Non-vascular plants is a name for a group of plants. ...
In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants produce carpets of blossoms.
The Arctic flora, phytogeography and vegetation history will be introduced with the main emphasis on the vascular flora of Svalbard.
The present distribution of the Arctic flora and vegetation as well as genetic patterns within and among Arctic plant populations will be presented and discussed in the view of the glacial history of the Arctic.
Svalbard is particularly well suited for such studies with its sharp gradients in climatic conditions over short distances, with variety of exposed bedrock types and large contrasts among different areas in grazing pressure by reindeer and geese, created by the dramatic topography and glacier blockades.
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