Florence Kelley (September 12, 1859 - February 17, 1932) was a reformer from Philadelphia. is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: , Country Commonwealth County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government  - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area  - City 369. ...

She was the daughter of Congressman William Darrah "Pig Iron" Kelley. She was a self-made woman who renounced her business activities to become an abolitionist, a founder of the Republican party and a judge, and worked for numerous political and social reforms. William D. Kelley (April 12, 1814 - January 9, 1890) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. ...

Socialism, marriage and translations

Florence Kelley was an early supporter of women's suffrage. In Zurich, she met various European socialists, including Polish-Russian medical student Lazare Wischnewetzky, whom she married in 1884 (the couple divorced in 1891). She is well-known for her translation of Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England, written in 1844 by Friedrich Engels, with whom she corresponded frequently. As The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844, it has been in print ever since. She appears there as 'Mrs. F. Kelley Wischnewetzky' and was also known as Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky. Friedrich Engels (November 28, 1820 – August 5, 1895) was a German social scientist and philosopher, who developed communist theory alongside his better-known collaborator, Karl Marx, co-authoring The Communist Manifesto (1848). ... The Condition of the Working Class is the best-known work of Friedrich Engels, and in many ways still the best study of the working class in Victorian England. ...

National Consumers League

As well as doing translations, she was inspired to work with the poor, and she went to Hull House to help out in 1892. The next year, Kelley was appointed to serve as Illinois' first factory inspector. In 1899, she created the National Consumers League (NCL), which encouraged consumers to buy products only from companies that met the NCL’s standards of minimum wage and working conditions. Kelley led campaigns that reshaped the conditions under which goods were produced in the United States. Among her accomplishments were the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and laws regulating hours and establishing minimum wages. Hull House was co-founded in 1889, in Chicago, Illinois, by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The National Consumers League is a non-profit advocacy group acting on behalf of workers and consumers in the United States since the 1890s. ... The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided for federal inspection of meat products, and forbide the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products or poisonous patent medicines. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Socialism and Civil Rights

She was a member of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, an activist for woman suffrage and African-American civil rights. In 1909 Kelley helped create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and thereafter became a friend and ally of W.E.B. DuBois. She also worked to help the child labor laws and the working conditions. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), is one of the oldest and most influential hate organizations in the United States. ... W. E. B. Du Bois William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced ) (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was a civil rights activist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar, and socialist. ...

Heritage

John Haven Emerson, inventor of the Emerson iron lung and many other beneficial medical devices, was a nephew of Kelley's. // John Haven Jack Emerson (5 February 1906 – 4 February 1997) was an American inventor of biomedical devices, specializing in respiratory equipment. ... An Emerson iron lung. ...

Maxfield Parrish, the famous illustrator, was also a close relative. The Dinky Bird, by Maxfield Parrish, an illustration from Poems of Childhood by Eugene Field, 1904. ...

She strongly influenced Frances Perkins, the USA's first female cabinet minister. Among Perkins' achievements as Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor were bringing an end to child labour in the USA. Frances Coralie Fannie Perkins (April 10, 1882 – May 14, 1965) was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first female cabinet member. ... FDR redirects here. ... The United States Secretary of Labor is the head of the United States Department of Labor. ... Child labour or labor is the phenomenon of children in employment. ...

Publications

• The responsibility of the consumer. New York City: National Child Labor Committee, 1908?
• The Present Status of Minimum Wage Legislation. New York City: National Consumers' League, 1913.
• Modern Industry: in relation to the family, health, education, morality. New York: Longmans, Green 1914.
• Women in Industry: the Eight Hours Day and Rest at Night, upheld by the United States Supreme Court. New York: National Consumers' League, 1916.
• Twenty Questions about the Federal Amendment Proposed by the National Woman's Party. New York: National Consumers' League, 1922.

"Florence Kelley and the Nation's World: The Rise of Women's Political Culture, 1830-1900" Sklar, Kathryn Kish. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1995.

External links and references

• Florence Kelley (1859-1932) on harvard.edu
• Florence Kelly on schoolnet.co.uk
• Florence Kelley on Women and Social Movements, subscription required
• Biographical note
• A letter from Engels to Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky
• Entry at 'project Muse' (needs a subscription to read it all)
• Florence Kelley fought for civil rights!