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Encyclopedia > Floriculture

The Latin words hortus (garden plant) and cultura (culture) together form horticulture, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulture is, however, much more. Horticulturists work in plant propagation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, and the storage, processing, and transportation of fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. They improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. Genetics is also used as a valuable tool in the development of plants that can synthesize chemicals for fighting disease (including cancers).


Horticulture involves five areas of study. These areas are floriculture (includes production and marketing of floral crops), landscape horticulture (includes production, marketing and maintenance of landscape plants), olericulture (includes production and marketing of vegetables), pomology (includes production and marketing of fruits), and postharvest physiology (involves maintaining quality and preventing spoilage of horticultural crops).


Horticulturists can work in industry, government, or educational institutions. They can be cropping systems engineers, wholesale or retail business managers, propagators and tissue culture specialists (fruit, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf), crop inspectors, crop production advisors, extension specialists, plant breeders, research scientists, and of course, teachers.


College courses that complement Horticulture are biology, botany, entomology, chemistry, mathematics, genetics, physiology, statistics, computer science, and communications. Plant science and horticulture courses include: plant materials, plant propagation, tissue culture, crop production, post-harvest handling, plant breeding, pollination management, crop nutrition, entomology, plant pathology, economics, and business. Some careers in horticultural science require a masters (MS) or doctoral (PhD) degree.


External links

  • Horticultural crop names and alternate names (http://www.postharvest.com.au).
  • a Free online resource on Horticulture industry trends and events (http://www.greenmediaonline.com).

  Results from FactBites:
 
ERS/USDA Briefing Room - Floriculture Crops: Background (2346 words)
Nursery crops, as distinguished from floriculture crops, are woody perennial plants, such as ornamental trees, shrubs, and vines that are primarily used for landscaping.
Floriculture crops are normally not thought of as agricultural commodities because they are not harvested as food or used for food processing.
In summary, of the total $15 billion of greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture crops sold in 2002, 48 percent are nursery crops and 44 percent are floriculture crops.
Migration News (606 words)
USDA reported that floriculture and nursery crop sales were $5.4 billion in 2005 in the 36 major producing states; the two sectors are sometimes called the ornamental horticulture industry.
The 2002 Census of Agriculture estimated a total $15 billion of greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture crops sold in 2002, including $6.7 billion or 44 percent floriculture crops, $7.2 billion or 48 percent nursery crops, and $1.2 billion or eight percent food crops such as tomatoes grown in greenhouses.
Floriculture is the cultivation of ornamental and flowering plants, often in greenhouses or other covered areas, while nursery crops are woody perennial plants that are typically grown in the open field or in containers.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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