The Florida Territory was a historic organized territory of the United States from 1822 to 1845. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x677, 101 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maps of the United States Territorial evolution of the United States ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x677, 101 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maps of the United States Territorial evolution of the United States ... In the history of the United States, an organized territory is a territory for which the United States Congress has enacted an Organic Act. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Background

Florida was first discovered in 1513 by Juan Ponce de Leon who claimed the land as a possession of Spain. The oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the continental U.S., St. Augustine, was founded on the northeast coast of Florida in 1565. Florida continued to remain a Spanish possession until the end of the Seven Year's War when they were forced to cede it to England. In 1783, after the American Revolution, England was compelled to give Florida back to Spain.¹ See also Agueybana Hayuya Jumacao Discoverer of the Americas Categories: People stubs | 1460 births | 1521 deaths | History of Puerto Rico | Conquistadores ... Five flags have flown over the city since 1565. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... The Seven Years War (1754 and 1756–1763) pitted Great Britain, Prussia and Hanover against France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the Queen England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified  -  by Athelstan 967 AD  Area  -  Total 130,395 km²  50,346 sq mi  Population  -  2007 estimate 50... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies that...

The second term of Spanish rule was heavily influenced by the United States. There were border disputes along the Georgia/Florida boundary and issues of American use of the Mississippi. These problems were supposedly solved in 1795 by the Treaty of San Lorenzo, which among other things solidified the boundary of Florida and Georgia along the 31st parallel. However, as Thomas Jefferson had once predicted, the U.S. could not keep its hands off of Florida.² 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Pinckneys Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...

American involvement pre-1821

In 1812 United States forces and Georgia "patriots" under General George Matthews invaded Florida to protect American interests.⁴ These interests were mostly slave related. Runaway slaves had been given protection by the Florida natives, called Seminoles by Americans, for many years. They lived in a semi-feudal system; the Seminoles giving the now "free" blacks protection, while the former slaves shared crops with the natives. Despite the fact that the Negroes were still considered inferior by the Seminoles, the two parties lived in harmony. The slaveholders in Georgia and the rest of the south became furious over this matter as slaves continued to escape to Florida.⁵ This invasion of Florida was perceived by most of the country as ill-advised and the Spanish were promised a speedy exit of troops.⁶ For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... The Seminole are a Native American Indian people, originally of Florida. ...

In 1818 after many years of further conflicts involving natives and settlers General Andrew Jackson wrote to President Monroe informing him that he was invading Florida. Jackson's force departed from Tennessee and marched down the Apalachicola River wreaking havoc in North Florida until they came upon Pensacola in March, where the Spanish quickly surrendered.⁷ 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Area  Ranked 36th  - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 km²)  - Width 120 miles (195 km)  - Length 440 miles (710 km)  - % water 2. ... View of the Apalachicola River near Fort Gadsden, Florida. ...

Adams-Onis Treaty

The Adams-Onis Treaty, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, was signed on February 22, 1819 by John Quincy Adams and Luis de Onis, but did not take effect until it was ratified by the Spanish government in 1821. It is a widely accepted fact that America paid $5,000,000 to the Spanish as a result of this treaty, however this is a myth. No money was exchanged between the two governments; the U.S. received Florida and Oregon while ceding all Texas claims to Spain.³ The Adams-On s Treaty of 1819 (formally titled the Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the United States of America and His Catholic Majesty, and also known as the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, and sometimes the Florida Treaty) was a historic agreement between the United States and Spain... February 22 is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and President of the United States (March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829). ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ...

Territorial Florida and the Seminole Wars

General Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory, however only for a brief period. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory. William Pope Duval became the first official governor of Florida and soon after the capitol was established at Tallahassee, but only after removing a Seminole tribe off of the land.⁸ For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (90th in leap years). ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Map of East and West Florida in 1810. ... Map of East and West Florida in the early 1800s. ... Wiliam Pope Duval William Pope DuVal (September 4, 1784–March 19, 1854) was the first governor of Florida Territory, serving from April 17, 1822 until April 24, 1834. ...

The central conflict of Territorial Florida was the Seminole inhabitants. The federal government and most white settlers desired all Florida Indians to migrate to the West. On May 28, 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act requiring all native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River.⁹ The Act itself did not mean much to Florida, however it laid the framework for the Treaty of Paynes Landing which was signed by a council of Seminole chiefs on May 9, 1832. This treaty stated that all Seminole inhabitants of Florida should be relocated by 1835, giving them three years. It was at this meeting that the famous Osceola first voiced his decision to fight.¹⁰ May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Indian Removal Act part of a U.S. government policy known as Indian Removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... A contemporary map of the reservation assigned to the Seminole Indians in the Treaty of Moultrie Creek The Treaty of Paynes Landing (Treaty with the Seminole, 1832) was an agreement signed on 9 May 1832 between the government of the United States and several chiefs of the Seminole Indians... May 9 is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Osceola Osceola (1804 – January 20, 1838) was a war chief of the Seminole Indians in Flo. ...

Beginning in late 1835 Osceola and the Seminole allies began a guerilla war against the U.S. forces.¹¹ Numerous generals fought and failed, succumbing to the heat and disease as well as lack of knowledge of the land. It was not until General Thomas Jesup captured many of the key Seminole chiefs, including Osceola who died in captivity of illness, that the battles began to die down.¹² The Seminoles were eventually forced to migrate and almost all were gone, except for a small group in the Everglades, by the time Florida joined the Union as the 27th state on March 3, 1845. | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Sidney Jesup (December 16, 1788 – June 10, 1860) was an American military officer known as the Father of the Modern Quartermaster Corps. He was born in Berkeley County, West Virginia. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

• Historic regions of the United States

These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description. ...

Notes

• ¹ Hubert Bruce Fuller, The Florida Purchase, (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1964), Introduction xvii.
• ² Ibid., Introduction xviii-xix.
• ³ Fuller, The, Editorial Preface, xi.
• ⁴ Virginia Bergman Peters, The Florida Wars,(Hamden: The Shoestring Press, 1979),39.
• ⁵ Ibid.,18-22.
• ⁶ Peters, The, 39.
• ⁷ Peters, The, 50-54.
• ⁸ Peters, The, 63-74.
• ⁹ Peters, The, 87.
• ¹⁰ Peters, The, 89-95.
• ¹¹ Peters, The, 105-110.
• ¹² Peters, The, 137-160.

References

1. Hubert Bruce Fuller, The Florida Purchase, (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1964).
2. Virginia Bergman Peters, The Florida Wars,(Hamden: The Shoestring Press, 1979).

External links

• 3 U.S. Statute 654 approved on March 30, 1822 establishing Florida Territory (pages 654-659) from United States Statutes at Large at the Library of Congress website.