Floyd Landis

Personal information
Full name	Floyd Landis
Date of birth	October 14, 1975 (1975-10-14) (age 32)
Country	United States
Height	1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Weight	68 kg (150 lb/10.7 st)
Team information
Discipline	Road
Role	Rider
Rider type	All-rounder
Professional team(s)
1999-2001 2002-2004 2005-2006	Mercury Cycling Team US Postal Service Phonak Hearing Systems
Major wins
Paris-Nice (2006) Tour de Georgia (2006) Tour of California (2006)
Infobox last updated on:
December 16, 2007

Floyd Landis (born October 14, 1975) is an American cyclist whose previous achievements have been overshadowed for his involvement in a 2006 doping scandal. He is a time-trial specialist as well as a strong climber. Landis turned professional in 1999 with the Mercury Cycling Team. He joined the US Postal Service team in 2002, and moved to the Phonak Hearing Systems team in 2005. Landis was fired from the Phonak team on August 5, 2006, after testing revealed an abnormally high testosterone/epitestosterone ratio^[1] after stage 17 of the 2006 Tour de France. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1300x975, 421 KB) Summary Floyd Landis en route to winning the Tour of California in the Time Trial, by Michael David Murphy (http://www. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kg redirects here. ... Look up pound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Road bicycle racing is a popular bicycle racing sport held on the road (following the geography of the area), using racing bicycles. ... In many racing sports an athlete (or occasionally a team of athletes) will compete in a time trial against the clock to secure the fastest time. ... A climbing specialist is a road bicycle racer who can ride especially well on highly inclined roads, such as those found among hills or mountains. ... See also: 1998 in sports, other events of 1999, 2000 in sports and the list of years in sports. // Athletics Hicham El Guerrouj sets the new World Record in the mile at the World Championships in Rome. ... The US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team presented by Berry Floor operated from 1996 through 2004, and during its time fielded one of the biggest names in modern cycling: Lance Armstrong. ... See also: 2001 in sports, 2003 in sports and the list of years in sports. Auto Racing Stock car racing: Ward Burton wins the Daytona 500 NASCAR Championship - Tony Stewart Indy Racing League - Sam Hornish Jr. ... Team Phonak in a Team time trial event at the Giro del Mediterraneo. ... // Athletics Mens 100 metres - Asafa Powell of Jamaica sets a new world record of 9. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd Tour de France, taking place from July 1 to July 23, 2006. ...

Landis was stripped of his title as winner of the 2006 Tour de France and placed under a two year ban from professional racing, following an arbitration panel's 2 to 1 ruling on September 20, 2007. He has appealed the result of the arbitration hearing to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; Tribunal Arbitral du Sport or TAS in French) is an arbitration body set up to settle disputes related to sports. ...

Biography

Floyd Landis is the second child and oldest son of Paul and Arlene Landis. His childhood home is located in the unincorporated village of Farmersville in West Earl Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.^[2] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Masouleh village, Gilan Province, Iran. ... Farmersville ( ) is a rural settlement located southeast of the town of Ephrata in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. ... West Earl Township is a township located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. ... Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, known as the Garden Spot of America since the 18th century, is located in the southeastern part of the state of Pennsylvania, in the United States. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Landis used his first bike to ride while out fishing with a friend but quickly learned to enjoy riding for its own sake. At one point, he became determined to ride in a local race. Landis showed up wearing sweatpants because his religion forbade wearing shorts; he won anyway. More wins followed as Landis continued to enjoy the sport. Disturbed at his son's participation in what he considered a "useless" endeavor, Landis' father tried to discourage him from racing his bike by giving him extra chores. This left him no time to train during the day, so he would sneak out of the house at night to train, sometimes at 1 or 2 a.m. and often in the freezing cold. Landis' father, a devout Mennonite,^[3] received a tip that his son had been going out at night. He did not appreciate his son's passion for cycling and thought that he might be getting into drugs or alcohol. He often followed Landis at a distance to make sure he was not getting into trouble. Today, Landis' father has become a hearty supporter of his son and regards himself as one of Floyd's biggest fans.^[4][5] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      The...

"Master of the Mountains"

Landis won the first mountain bike race he entered. In 1993, he was crowned junior national champion. He told friends he would win the Tour de France one day. At age 20, Landis moved to Southern California to train full time as a mountain biker. He soon established a reputation for toughness, once finishing a race riding on only his rims.^[6] However, his training regimen resembled that of a road biker, and in 1999 he switched to road cycling. A hardtail mountain bike. ... For other uses, see Tour de France (disambiguation). ... This article is about the region of Southern California. ...

Landis performed well enough on the road that Lance Armstrong recruited him to U.S. Postal and chose Landis to ride alongside him in three straight Tours de France (all of which Armstrong won) from 2002 to 2004. Landis often pushed the pace in the mountains to break the pack before Armstrong made his final move. In the 2004 tour, Landis led Armstrong and a few of Armstrong's main rivals over the final climb of stage 17, putting on such an impressive display of strength that comedian and avid bike-racing fan Robin Williams dubbed him the "Mofo of the Mountains." Landis' performance led some observers to peg him as a possible team leader and future winner of the maillot jaune. Landis left US Postal later that year after receiving a better contract offer from the Phonak squad. Lance Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is a retired American professional road racing cyclist. ... This article is about the American actor and comedian; for other people named Robin Williams, see Robin Williams (disambiguation). ... Commercial version of maillot jaune, 2004 Maillot jaune (French for yellow jersey, pronounced my-oh zhohn) is the jersey worn by the current overall leader of many bicycle races, originally and most notably the Tour de France. ...

In the 2005 Tour de France, Landis finished ninth overall in the General Classification, his highest finish in the tour at that time. The 92nd Tour de France was held from July 2 to July 24, 2005. ... The General Classification (or GC) in bicycle racing is the category that tracks overall times for bicycle riders in multi-stage bicycle races. ...

Landis started the 2006 season strongly, with overall wins in the Amgen Tour of California, and then in the prestigious Paris-Nice, both week-long stage races. Winning Paris-Nice gave Landis 52 points in the UCI ProTour individual competition, starting him off in first place for 2006. Landis continued his display of strength with another overall win in the Ford Tour de Georgia, which took place from April 18 to April 23. In addition to winning the Tour de Georgia time trial, Landis managed to retain every second of his lead through the mountains with a close second place finish to Tom Danielson on Brasstown Bald, the most difficult climbing stage of the tour. The Amgen Tour of California is a professional cycling stage race on the UCI America Tour and USA Cycling Professional Tour that made its debut on February 19, 2006. ... Paris-Nice, nicknamed the race to the sun, is an annual professional cycling stage race held annually each March. ... The UCI ProTour is a competition under the International Cycling Union (UCI). ... The 2006 Tour de Georgia was a six-stage race held April 18 through April 23, 2006 with the overall title won by Floyd Landis of the Phonak Cycling Team. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Image:Tom-danielson. ... Brasstown Bald is the highest point in the state of USA, with a summit elevation of 4784 feet (1458 metres) above mean sea level. ...

2006 Tour de France

Floyd Landis on the Tour de France, July 23 2006.

In the lead-up to the 2006 Tour de France, Landis was widely mentioned as a dark horse contender. The widespread assumption was that the winner would be either Ivan Basso or Jan Ullrich, who finished second and third respectively in the 2005 tour. In the days immediately before the race, the Operación Puerto doping case forced Basso and Ullrich to withdraw, leaving Landis prominent among a field of possible favorites. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (512x1500, 198 KB) Description en: Floyd Landis on Tour de France, July 23 2006 fr: Floyd Landis sur le Tour de France le 23 juillet 2006 Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (512x1500, 198 KB) Description en: Floyd Landis on Tour de France, July 23 2006 fr: Floyd Landis sur le Tour de France le 23 juillet 2006 Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages... This article describes dark horse candidates. ... Ivan Basso (born November 26, 1977) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer, most recently with Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. ... Jan Ullrich (born December 2, 1973 in Rostock, East Germany, now Germany) is a retired German professional road bicycle racer. ... The Operación Puerto doping case (meaning Operation Mountain Pass)[1] is a Spanish doping case against doctor Eufemiano Fuentes and a number of accomplices, started in May 2006. ...

Landis' Tour did not get off to an encouraging start. When his turn came to leave the start house in the Prologue time trial, he was not even there, having suffered a cut tire on his rear disc wheel. He finished ninth in the stage, just 9 seconds behind winner Thor Hushovd. His bad luck in the time trial continued during Stage 7, a 52 kilometer individual time trial to Rennes, when a handlebar malfunction forced him to switch bikes midway through the race. Nevertheless, Landis managed to finish in second place, one minute behind T-Mobile's Serhiy Honchar of Ukraine. Landis gained an important time advantage over other top contenders for the overall victory as the racers headed into its first mountain stages. Thor Hushovd (born January 18, 1978 in Grimstad, Norway) is a professional road bicycle racer, presently rider for the Crédit Agricole Professional team. ... Presentation of the 2006 team in Mallorca. ... Serhiy Honchar (Polish: Serhey Honczar, Russian: Сергей Гончар (Serguei Gonchar)) (born July 3, 1970 in Rivne) is a Ukrainian professional road racing cyclist. ...

In the second mountain stage, he was among the few that could keep up with the fierce pace set by the riders of the Rabobank team. Landis finished the stage sharing third place with Denis Menchov and Levi Leipheimer. He retained the overall lead until Stage 13, when he and his team let a breakaway group get a half-hour lead in the stage. Among the group was his former teammate Óscar Pereiro, who took the overall lead by 89 seconds. The assumption was that Pereiro, who had lost half an hour in the three previous mountain stages, would not be a serious contender in the Alps, and that it would be easy to win the jersey back. Indeed, in Stage 15, on the slopes of the infamous l'Alpe d'Huez, Landis outrode Pereiro by almost two minutes, regaining the jersey and a 10-second overall lead in the process. Denis Nikolayevich Menchov (Russian: Денис Меньшов) (born 25 January 1978 in Orel, Russia, part of the Soviet Union at that time) is a professional Russian road bicycle racer. ... Levi Leipheimer (born October 24, 1973 in Butte, Montana) is an American professional bicyclist who rides with the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. ... These are the profiles for the individual stages in the 2006 Tour de France, beginning with Stage 12 on July 14 and ending with Stage 21 on July 23. ... Óscar Pereiro Sio (born August 3, 1977 in Mos, Galicia) is a Galician professional road bicycle racer best known for winning the 2006 Tour de France after the original winner, Floyd Landis, was disqualified for failing a series of doping tests. ... These are the profiles for the individual stages in the 2006 Tour de France, beginning with Stage 12 on July 14 and ending with Stage 21 on July 23. ... Alpe dHuez is a famous ski resort 1850 metres / 3330 metres (6,069 ft / 10,924 ft) high. ...

The next day was a different story. Landis "bonked" on the final ascent up La Toussuire, losing ten minutes. He fell from first to eleventh place in the general classification, and Pereiro took the overall lead and was eight minutes ahead of him. Landis reportedly had a lapse in concentration and failed to eat enough during the ride in this stage.^[7] With only two more stages where the general classification could reasonably be contested remaining in the Tour, one more mountain stage and one time trial, it was assumed his disastrous performance would mark the end of his chance to win the Tour. Many assumed that he might not even achieve a place on the podium. Among the exceptions to this pattern of thinking was five time tour winner Eddy Merckx. Merckx bet 100 euros against 75 to 1 odds that Landis would still win the Tour.^[8] His son, Axel Merckx, was on Landis's Phonak team for the 2006 Tour. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The General Classification (or GC) in bicycle racing is the category that tracks overall times for bicycle riders in multi-stage bicycle races. ... Baron Edouard Louis Joseph Merckx (IPA: ) (born June 17, 1945, Meensel-Kiezegem, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium) is a former Belgian professional cyclist. ... Axel Merckx (born August 8, 1972 in Uccle, Belgium), is a professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTeam T-Mobile Team. ...

On the following day's Stage 17, Landis stunned the cycling world with a 120 km solo breakaway attack that has been called "one of the most epic days of cycling ever seen".^[9] The performance earned Landis comparisons to the famed rides of Eddy Merckx. At one point on the course, he was 9 minutes 4 seconds clear of Pereiro. Landis ultimately won the stage by nearly six minutes over Team CSC's Carlos Sastre and took more than seven minutes out of Pereiro's lead. At the end of the day, Landis sat in third place overall, 18 seconds behind Sastre and just 30 seconds behind the Tour leader. The next stage was a 57 km individual time trial, and Landis' strength in time trialing put him well within striking distance of regaining the tour lead. Landis finished third in the time trial of Stage 19, 89 seconds ahead of Pereiro and 3 minutes 31 seconds ahead of Sastre, to reclaim the yellow jersey with a lead of 59 seconds. Landis retained the lead through Stage 20, the procession into Paris, to win the 2006 Tour de France by 57 seconds. These are the profiles for the individual stages in the 2006 Tour de France, beginning with Stage 12 on July 14 and ending with Stage 21 on July 23. ... Baron Edouard Louis Joseph Merckx (IPA: ) (born June 17, 1945, Meensel-Kiezegem, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium) is a former Belgian professional cyclist. ... Riders from Team CSC in Danmark Rundt, August 2006. ... Sastre during the Stage 20 individual time trial (St Etienne) of the 2005 Tour de France. ...

Following a drug test which was positive for the performance enhancing drug (testosterone) on Stage 17, he was eventually stripped of the 2006 Tour title, which reverted to Oscar Pereiro. Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ... Oscar Pereiro Sio (born August 3, 1977) is a Spanish road bicycle racer, turning pro in 2000. ...

Hip ailment

The powerful performance of Landis up to Stage 16 of the Tour de France and his comeback in Stage 17 is particularly notable given his hip ailment, osteonecrosis, which was revealed in an article in The New York Times during the 2006 Tour de France.^[10] This deterioration in the ball joint of his right hip stemmed from diminished blood supply and constricted blood vessels caused by scar tissue. The original injury that led to the formation of the scar tissue was a femoral neck fracture sustained in a bicycle crash during a training ride near his Southern California home in October 2002. Landis kept the ailment secret from his teammates, rivals, and the media until an announcement made while the 2006 Tour was underway. This same ailment also affected former multi-sport athlete Bo Jackson and American football player Brett Favre. Aseptic bone necrosis (ABN), also called avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis, is where bone and marrow die in the absence of an infective agent. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Vincent Edward Bo Jackson (born November 30, 1962 in Bessemer, Alabama) is an American athlete and a former multi-sport professional. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... Brett Hillbilly Favre (pronounced Farv, born on October 10, 1969 in Gulfport, Mississippi [1]) is an American football player, currently starting quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). ...

Landis rode the 2006 Tour with the constant pain from the injury, which he described thus: "It's bad, it's grinding, it's bone rubbing on bone. Sometimes it's a sharp pain. When I pedal and walk, it comes and goes, but mostly it's an ache, like an arthritis pain. It aches down my leg into my knee. The morning is the best time, it doesn't hurt too much. But when I walk it hurts, when I ride it hurts. Most of the time it doesn't keep me awake, but there are nights that it does."^[11]

During the Tour, Landis was medically approved to take cortisone for this injury, a medication otherwise prohibited in professional cycling for its known potential for abuse. Landis himself called his win "a triumph of persistence" despite the pain.^[12] Landis underwent successful hip resurfacing surgery on September 27, 2006. Cortisone (IPA:ˈkôrtəˌsōn) is a steroid hormone. ... BHR compared with THR The BHR Hip resurfacing is form of arthroplasty which has been developed as a less radical alternative to total hip replacement (THR). ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Doping investigation

On July 27, 2006 the Phonak Cycling Team announced Floyd Landis had a urine test come back positive, having an unusually high ratio of the hormone testosterone to the hormone epitestosterone (T/E ratio) after the epic performance in Stage 17.^[13] Landis denied having doped and placed faith in a test using his backup sample.^[14] Phonak stated that he would be dismissed should the backup sample also test positive. It did, and Landis was suspended from professional cycling and dismissed from his team.^[15] Landis's personal physician later disclosed that the test had found a T/E ratio of 11:1 in Landis, far above the maximum allowable ratio of 4:1.^[16][17] is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The test on Landis's Stage 17 A sample had been performed by the French government's anti-doping clinical laboratory, the National Laboratory for Doping Detection (LNDD). (LNDD is a division of the Ministry of Youth, Sport, and Social Life and is accredited by WADA, the World Anti-Doping Agency).^[18] Under the rules of the International Cycling Union (UCI), Landis had five days to request independent verification using the backup sample. However, after just four days, on July 31, the UCI, claiming that Landis had yet to act, preempted him by requesting that the same lab be the one to test the backup sample. The UCI announced, "We have done this so the whole thing can be speeded up. We took this decision because of the importance of the case. Also, the longer it goes on the more damage the sport risks suffering." In response, a spokesman for Landis insisted that the cyclist had asked on July 31 for testing of the backup sample. Had the UCI not intervened and had Landis waited the full five days before requesting testing of his backup sample, the test result would not have been forthcoming for several weeks since LNDD closes during August^[19] (as is a widespread custom among workplaces in France). The B sample also tested positive for an unnatural source of testosterone.^[20] The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an independent foundation created through a collective initiative led by the International Olympic Committee. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Following the reported positive drug test on his A sample, Landis suggested that the results had been improperly released by the UCI. On August 9, 2006, UCI president Pat McQuaid rejected the claim, saying, "We acted correctly. We informed the team, the rider, and the federation that there had been an irregularity. Then we issued a press release saying that an unnamed rider had been found positive in the Tour. Landis's team published his name, two days later... I have full faith in that laboratory, and there are stringent measures kept in place by the anti-doping agencies to ensure they proceed correctly."^[21] is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

USADA Arbitration

On May 14, 2007 an arbitration hearing began between the USADA and Landis regarding the doping allegations.^[22] On September 20, 2007, the arbitrators found Landis guilty of doping. ^[23] is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

As Landis forfeited his Tour title, the second place rider, Óscar Pereiro, became the race's official winner. The decision of whether to strip Landis of his title was made by the International Cycling Union (UCI).^[24] Under UCI rules, the determination of whether or not a cyclist violated any rules must be made by the cyclist's national federation, in this case USA Cycling, which transferred the case to the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA).^[24][25][26] Landis was also banned from the sport for two years, dated retroactively to January 2007. Even before the USADA's ruling on this matter, the controversy resulted in the disbandment of Landis's former team, Phonak.^[27] Óscar Pereiro Sio (born August 3, 1977 in Mos, Galicia) is a Galician professional road bicycle racer best known for winning the 2006 Tour de France after the original winner, Floyd Landis, was disqualified for failing a series of doping tests. ... Entrance of UCI headquarter at Aigle (Switzerland) Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) is a professional cycling union that oversees cycling events in the international community. ... USA Cycling, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. ... The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), which began operations on 1 October 2000, is a non-governmental agency responsible for implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code in the United States. ...

Landis agreed not to participate in any racing in France in 2007 to allow him to postpone a hearing of his case there for as long as possible. On December 19, 2007, the French Anti-Doping Agency found him guilty of doping, and issued a two-year suspension, which bars him from racing in France until early 2009. He has not, so far, appealed the decision, though it is likely that he was waiting for the result of his first Court of Arbitration for Sport appeal before doing so.

Among Landis's lawyers are José Maria Buxeda of Spain and Howard L. Jacobs of the United States. Buxeda represented Spanish cyclist Roberto Heras when he was suspended for two years after testing positive for EPO. Jacobs has extensive experience defending athletes accused of doping, such as Tyler Hamilton and sprinter Tim Montgomery. They are also representing Kazakh rider Alexandre Vinokourov who was accused of blood doping, kicked out of the 2007 Tour de France, and fired from his cycling team. Roberto Heras Hernández (born 1 February 1974 in Béjar, Spain) is a professional cyclist who won the Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) a record-tying three times. ... Erythropoietin (IPA pronunciation: , alternative pronunciations: ) or EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. ... Tyler Hamilton Tyler Hamilton (born March 1, 1971 in Marblehead, Massachusetts) is an American professional road bicycle racer. ... Timothy Montgomery (born January 25, 1975) is a former American athlete and 100 m record holder. ... Alexander Vinokourov, also written Alexandre Vinokourov, (born 1973) is a Kazakh cyclist. ... Stages in 2007 The 2007 Tour de France is the 94th Tour de France, taking place from July 7 to July 29, 2007. ...

Claims of innocence

Landis has claimed that he is not guilty of using banned performance-enhancing drugs. He has declared that "We will explain to the world why this is not a doping case, but a natural occurrence" and that the testosterone in his body was "natural and produced by my own organism."^[17] Doubt was cast on Landis's claims on August 1, 2006, when the New York Times reported that, according to a source at the UCI, Landis's urine test had revealed synthetic testosterone in his body.^[20] is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

Landis and his spokespeople have put forth a variety of reasons, at various times, for his positive drug test. They include: naturally high testosterone, drinking alcohol, dehydration, thyroid medication, and a conspiracy against him. His defense ultimately criticized LNDD's methodology and execution.^{[citation needed]}

Landis is quoted as saying, "There are multiple reasons why this could have happened, other than what they're saying ... there are possibly hundreds of reasons why this test could be this way."^[28] The variety of explanations offered up by Landis provided fodder for many skeptical columns by sports journalists^[29] and inspiration for satirists such as late-night national TV show host David Letterman, who presented the "Top 10 Floyd Landis Excuses" on his show.^[30] David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947, in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.) is an Emmy Award-winning American television host and comedian. ...

Floyd Landis made an appearance on the Los Angeles based syndicated radio show “The Adam Carolla show” where he was offered the chance to prove his innocence by take a polygraph test in which he would be asked if he “knowingly” used performance-enhancing drugs during the 2006 tour de France. Upon advice from his lawyer he refused to take the polygraph test.

Several experts have refuted Landis's assertions.^[31] Prof. Christiane Ayotte, director of Montreal's anti-doping laboratory, said that "In 25 years of experience of testing testosterone ... such a huge increase in the level of testosterone cannot be expected to come from any natural factors." David Black, a forensic toxicologist for Nashville-based Aegis Sciences, said, "There are not hundreds of plausible explanations. If the tests were so unreliable that there were hundreds of possible reasons, there would be no point in performing the tests."^[32] Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... For other cities named Nashville, see Nashville (disambiguation). ...

Landis later backtracked from some of the assertions, saying, "The whisky idea was not mine and the dehydration was a theory from the lawyers I hired in Spain to represent me".^[33]

On September 7, 2006, Landis was televised on San Diego's NBC affiliate announcing at a La Jolla fundraiser that information in the lab report could exonerate him. He stated that more details would be announced, perhaps as early as the next day. On September 8, 2006, Landis's attorney announced that he would formally request that the case be dropped on the grounds LNDD's 370 page report revealed inconsistencies in the way the samples were handled.^[34] is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney         City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin... This article is about the television network. ... One of the beaches at La Jolla Cove. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Team Landis has also launched an extensive PR campaign, culminating in the publication of a book, Positively False: The Real Story of How I Won the Tour de France, in June 2007. The publication was preceded by a spate of sympathetic media coverage of Landis, including the cover story in the June 2007 issue of Bicycling magazine, which was written by Loren Mooney, the co-author of Positively False.^[35] Positively False is the autobiography by 2006 Tour de France champion Floyd Landis, published in June, 2007 [1] ^ cyclingnews. ...

Exogenous testosterone

On August 1, 2006, media reports said that synthetic testosterone had been detected in the A sample, using the carbon isotope ratio test, CIR, conducted at LNDD. The presence of synthetic testosterone means that some of the testosterone in Landis’s body came from an external source and was not naturally produced by his own system. These results conflict with Landis's public speculation that it was a natural occurrence.^[36][17] is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... For other uses, see Isotope (disambiguation). ... CIR may be: Carbon Isotope Ratio analysis. ...

The CIR test is used to distinguish between testosterone produced naturally by the athlete's body and synthetic testosterone introduced from an outside source. The test is performed by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). According to Gary I. Wadler, M.D., a member of the World Anti-Doping Agency, the carbon isotope ratio test needs to be done only once, on either an A or on a B sample, particularly if the athlete’s T/E ratio is high as in Landis's case.^[17] Isotope ratio mass spectrometry is a specialist field of mass spectrometry, concerned with measuring the relative abundance of atomic species, rather than their mass. ... Gary I. Wadler, M.D. is an internist with special expertise in the field of drug use in sports. ...

It has been suggested that Landis may have been using testosterone over the long term but either masking it or diluting it to avoid detection. The positive test result would therefore have been from a mistake with the alleged doping program on one day.^[37] Landis gave a total of eight samples during the 2006 Tour de France. As part of its prosecution, USADA had remaining "B" portions of the other samples tested by the French laboratory. Four of those samples also showed the presence of synthetic testosterone. ^[38]

Reaction among cyclists

After Landis' A sample tested positive for testosterone, retired American cyclist and three-time Tour de France winner Greg LeMond doubted whether additional doping tests would reverse Landis's earlier results. He stated, Gregory James Greg LeMond (born June 26, 1961 in Lakewood, California) is a former professional road bicycle racer from the United States and a three time winner of the Tour de France. ...

On July 28, 2006 Landis appeared on "Larry King Live" to explain his situation and reiterate his innocence.^[40] Seven-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong phoned the show to express support for his former teammate. Armstrong expressed skepticism of the French laboratory that conducted Landis's drug test, noting it is the same laboratory involved in some of the doping allegations against him.^[41] Armstrong has continuously expressed support for Landis and stated his conviction that the process is biased against athletes. is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Larry King Live is an American talk show hosted by Larry King on CNN. The show debuted in 1985, and is CNNs most watched program, with over one million viewers nightly. ...

Fellow professional and 10 time Tour de France cyclist, Australian Stuart O'Grady, left no doubt as to his view in an interview for the Australian 60 Minutes program televised on 22 July 2007. The reporter Liz Hayes asked O'Grady: "Would anyone have picked that — that the winner of last year's race was a drug cheat?" O'Grady replied, Stuart OGrady is an Australian cyclist, born on 6 August 1973 in Adelaide, South Australia. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Christophe Moreau, who rode the 2006 Tour for AG2R Prevoyance said ^[43], This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Appeals

On September 11, 2006, Landis asked a U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) review board to dismiss the doping charges against him. Landis's request was made on the basis that the A and B urine samples from stage 17 of the Tour de France do not meet the established World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) criteria for a positive doping offense. Landis's lawyer said in a statement: "The single testosterone/epitestosterone analysis in this case is replete with fundamental, gross errors." The lawyer also claims that the positive finding on the B sample came from a sample number not assigned to Landis.^[44][45] The review board notified Landis on September 18 of its recommendation that USADA proceed with the disciplinary process. Howard Jacobs, attorney for Landis, requested an open hearing by the American Arbitration Association to contest potential sanctions against the athlete. is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Defense

On October 12, 2006, Landis made public many documents in support of his claim of innocence.^[46][47] These included the full testing information from Landis' A and B urine samples, and a PowerPoint presentation created by Arnie Baker, M.D. challenging key aspects of the testing — in particular, arguing that the carbon isotope ratio testing (CIR) did not meet relevant WADA criteria. In addition to being a public relations strategy, the dissemination of these files over the Web is an attempt "to draw on the collective resources of cycling fans, using the Internet to allow widely distributed review of evidence in his case and he encourages Internet users to find the mistakes that the legal team has not noticed." His strategy has been coined the "Wikipedia defense".^[48] is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Microsoft Office PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by Microsoft for its Microsoft Office system. ... Arnie Baker (born August 6, 1953 in Montreal, Canada) is a bicycle coach, racer, and writer. ...

In their submissions to the USADA, Landis's attorneys advanced four main arguments.

• That WADA's CIR test actually supported a negative finding, or an inconclusive one. The CIR test covers four parameters. The lawyers argue that a positive finding is justified only when all four of them have high values. In the lab's results, only one of these parameters measured high, and it was within the range of error.
• That among the parameters showing a low (negative) value in the CIR test is the one that WADA supposedly considers most decisive indicator. WADA is argued to have previously supported a determination that this parameter is the most convincing of the four above mentioned. In LNDD's tests of Landis's urine, this parameter was arguably normal.
• That there is evidence one or both samples had become contaminated: LNDD's results allegedly manifest a significant variance between the respective measurements.
• That WADA's documents show mismatches between the reference number of the sample versus the reference number that Landis attested. In one instance a test report's reference number allegedly was overwritten, but LNDD's protocol requires that any corrections must be made with a single strikethrough line and then initialed and dated.

The legitimacy of these arguments has been questioned:

• It is clear that officials within WADA do not consider that all four paramaters in the CIR test must be positive to show a positive finding. The intention of the WADA document was that if any of the four metabolites was abnormal, this would constitute a positive test. Dr. Christine Ayotte (head of Canada's anti-doping laboratory) said: "We never imagined that this would be taken any other way".^[43]
• There is no compelling evidence of contamination in either the A or B sample. One parameter (the concentration of free testosterone/epitestosterone) is high enough to indicate possible contamination; but other indicators of contamination are not present (e.g. an abnormal pH).^[43]
• The chain of evidence errors (inappropriately corrected sample numbers) pose the question of whether the sample is actually Landis's. A DNA test would confirm whether this was the case or not, and it would seem that an innocent athlete would be keen to have such a test performed.^[43]
• Landis's lawyers have also argued that the positive test was probably erroneous because samples tested before and after it tested negative. This implies that they are willing to rely on the LNDD's tests for exculpatory evidence; why, in that case, should they not accept the lab's results for positive tests?^[43]

For other uses, see PH (disambiguation). ...

Testing lab credibility

LNDD, the laboratory that analyzed both of Landis's tests, is a French government agency and is one of 34 anti-doping testing labs in an international WADA network. LNDD's credibility has been attacked by Landis and his attorneys. These attacks have been joined by several Landis allies, including cycling officials, scientists, and medical professionals.

• In 2005, the president of the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations called for investigation and suspension of LNDD after it was involved, along with UCI and WADA, in the leaking of the results of tests on seven year old samples from Lance Armstrong and two other cyclists, dating back to the 1999 Tour de France, which were alleged to be positive for doping.^[49]
• The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), in a final decision on December 20, 2006, cleared Spanish racer Iñigo Landaluze of doping allegations dating back to a 2005 victory. LNDD had tested two urine samples from Landaluze and made a finding of testosterone doping. But his national cycling federation, the RFEC, acquitted Landaluze because LNDD admitted to violating testing protocol because the A and B samples had both been handled by the same technician. UCI brought RFEC before the CAS to challenge the acquittal, but CAS rejected UCI's appeal, upholding Landaluze's acquittal.^[50][51]
• Douwe de Boer, a former science director at the Lisbon lab of the network, has condemned LNDD's execution of testing procedures.^[52]
• In February 2007, it was reported that LNDD records turned over to Landis's defense lawyers show that two technicians were involved in both the original urine analysis and a second validating test. International lab standards prohibit technicians from participating in both tests to prevent them from validating their own findings.^[53]

is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... RFEC logo The Royal Spanish Cycling Federation or RFEC (in Spanish: Real Federación Española de Ciclismo) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Spain. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ...

The LeMond testimony

On May 17, 2007 Greg LeMond took the stand in the USADA arbitration hearing. Under oath, he described a phone conversation he had with Floyd Landis on August 6, 2006 as well as another with Will Geoghegan, Landis's business manager, on May 16th, the evening before the testimony. The major points of the testimony are as follow: is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Gregory James Greg LeMond (born June 26, 1961 in Lakewood, California) is a former professional road bicycle racer from the United States and a three time winner of the Tour de France. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• In an August 6 phone conversation, LeMond allegedly told Landis that If you did (use banned substances), you could single-handedly change the sport. You could be the one who will salvage the sport, to which Landis allegedly responded What good would it do? If I did, it would destroy a lot of my friends and hurt a lot of people.^[54]
• LeMond disclosed his childhood sexual abuse by a LeMond family friend to Landis. I was sexually abused before I got into cycling, and it nearly destroyed me by keeping it secret, LeMond allegedly said to Landis. (Lying about doping) will come back to haunt you when you are 40 or 50. If you have a moral compass and ethics, this will destroy you.^[54]
• Will Geoghegan called LeMond at his personal mobile phone number the night before the scheduled testimony. LeMond's BlackBerry, with Geoghegan's phone number captured in the call log, was entered into evidence. ^[54]

According to Lemond quoted in the Sunday Times the conversation with Geoghegan was, is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Following the testimony, Landis's legal team announced that Geoghegan had just been fired as Landis's business manager. Geoghegan was also observed by reporters approaching LeMond during the break. LeMond later stated to reporters that Geoghegan had admitted making the call, and "tried to apologize".^[54] Landis has admitted to being in the same room as Geoghegan when the call was made^[56], and defended his decision not to fire Geoghegan until after the LeMond testimony, saying he had been waiting for legal advice. Landis has not commented on how Geoghegan came to know of LeMond's childhood sexual abuse as well as his personal mobile phone number. Geoghegan blamed "a beer or two" for his action, and entered an undisclosed rehab facility on May 21.^[57] The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office opened an investigation of the incident as a potential witness tampering ^[58] and then terminated the case without prosecution on July 31.^[59] is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

LeMond's testimony is arguably supported by an online posting Floyd Landis made on the Daily Peloton forum, in which he states that LeMond disclosed personal information of a sensitive nature to Landis, and threatened to use the information to damage LeMond if he continues to involve himself in Landis's USADA appeal process:

Unfortunately, the facts that he divulged to me in the hour which he spoke and gave no opportunity for me to do the same, would damage his character severely and I would rather not do what has been done to me. However, if he ever opens his mouth again and the word Floyd comes out, I will tell you all some things that you will wish you didn't know...^[60]

Verdict

On September 20, 2007 Landis was found guilty of doping by a 2-1 vote of the hearing committee. The committee ruled that "the charge of an elevated T/E ratio from the sample was not established in accordance with the WADA International Standards for Laboratories" and dismissed the charge. It also ruled that "the charge of exogenous testosterone being found in the sample by the Carbon Isotope Ratio analysis is established in accordance with the UCI Anti-Doping Regulations" and that "an Anti-Doping Rule Violation is found to have been established".^[61] is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an independent foundation created through a collective initiative led by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ...

The committee ordered that Landis be suspended from cycling for two years, retroactive to January 30, 2007 and that he forfeit the 2006 Tour de France win. Landis has appealed the decision of the committee to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. ^[62]. The hearing ran from March 19th to March 24th, 2008 in New York. The decision is not expected to be announced until June 2008 at the earliest^[63]. is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; Tribunal Arbitral du Sport or TAS in French) is an arbitration body set up to settle disputes related to sports. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the state. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ...

Major results

Tour du Poitou-Charentes is a road bicycle race held annually in the region of Poitou-Charentes, France. ... The Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré is an annual cycling road race, run over eight stages in the Dauphiné region in France during the first half of June. ... Tirreno-Adriatico, the race of the two seas, is an elite cycle race following a route between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts of Italy. ... The Tour de France of 2002 started in Luxembourg on July 6, 2002, and ended in Paris on July 28. ... The Tour de France of 2003 started and ended in Paris. ... The US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team presented by Berry Floor operated from 1996 through 2004, and during its time fielded one of the biggest names in modern cycling: Lance Armstrong. ... The Volta ao Algarve (Portugese; English: Tour of the Algarve) is a road bicycle racing stage race held annually in the Algarve, Portugal. ... A team time trial (TTT) is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock (see individual time trial for a more detailed description of ITT events). ... The 91st Tour de France (July 3 - July 25, 2004). ... A team time trial (TTT) is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock (see individual time trial for a more detailed description of ITT events). ... The Vuelta a España bicycle race is one of the three Grand Tours of Europe. ... The 91st Tour de France (July 3 - July 25, 2004). ... The 2005 Tour de Georgia was the third annual bicycle road racing event held in the state of Georgia, United States. ... The 92nd Tour de France was held from July 2 to July 24, 2005. ... Team Phonak in a Team time trial event at the Giro del Mediterraneo. ... The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd Tour de France, taking place from July 1 to July 23, 2006. ... Commercial version of maillot jaune, 2004 Maillot jaune (French for yellow jersey, pronounced my-oh zhohn) is the jersey worn by the current overall leader of many bicycle races, originally and most notably the Tour de France. ... The General Classification (or GC) in bicycle racing is the category that tracks overall times for bicycle riders in multi-stage bicycle races. ... The USA Cycling National Racing Calendar (NRC) is an annual competition of road bicycle racing events held in the United States and sponsored by USA Cycling. ... The 2006 Tour de Georgia was a six-stage race held April 18 through April 23, 2006 with the overall title won by Floyd Landis of the Phonak Cycling Team. ... An Individual Time Trial (ITT) is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock (in French: contre la montre - literally against the watch). There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials (TTT). ... Paris-Nice, nicknamed the race to the sun, is an annual professional cycling stage race held annually each March. ... The Amgen Tour of California is a professional cycling stage race on the UCI America Tour and USA Cycling Professional Tour that made its debut on February 19, 2006. ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... OLN (Outdoor Life Network) is a Canadian cable television specialty channel. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd Tour de France, taking place from July 1 to July 23, 2006. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), which began operations on 1 October 2000, is a non-governmental agency responsible for implementation of the World Anti-Doping Code in the United States. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences

The following is an incomplete list of sportspeople who have been sanctioned by their sports governing body for doping offences. ...

External links

Wikinews has News related to this article:

• Landis fails drug test; could lose Tour title
• Landis' fate to be announced Monday
• Court decision means Floyd Landis loses Tour de France title

• Floyd Landis' Website
• Sex, drugs and sports: Prostaglandins, epitestosterone and sexual development
• Floyd Landis profile
• Trust But Verify: News, Research and Commentary about the Floyd Landis doping allegations.
• Detecting doping in sports
• Do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs influence the steroid hormone milieu in male athletes?
• False-Positive T/E and CIR Results: Floyd Landis, Mennonites, & Sitosterolemia
• The science behind Floyd Landis's guilty verdict from the December 1, 2007 issue of Analytical Chemistry