Fluorene, or 9H-fluorene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It has the form of odorless white crystals. It is combustible. It has a violet fluorescence, which gave it its name. It is manufactured artificially, although it occurs in the higher boiling fractions of coal tar. It is insoluble in water and soluble in benzene and ether. The plimsoll symbol as used in shipping In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). ... An illustration of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ... Fluorescence induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in vials containing various sized Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots. ... Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke. ... For benzine, see petroleum ether. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ...

Fluorene is used to make dyes, plastics, and pesticides. It can be found in corn silk and engine exhaust gas. It is used for production of fluorenone and fluorene-9-methanol. Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A cropduster spreading pesticide. ... Automobile exhaust Exhaust gas is flue gas which occurs as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline/petrol, diesel, fuel oil or coal. ... Fluorenone is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C13H8O. It is a solid, typically yellow flakes or chips, with a melting point of 83 °C and a boiling point of 342 °C. Its mass is 180. ...

Poly(fluorene) is commonly used as a luminophore in organic light-emitting diodes. Fluorene copolymers are being investigated as materials for solar cells. A luminophore is an atom or atomic grouping in an organic compound that manifests luminescence (chemoluminescence). ... A 3. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ...

The protons in the 9-position of the fluorene ring are acidic (pK_a = 22.6 in DMSO^[1]) and removal of one of them with a strong base, such as n-butyllithium, leads to the stable fluorenyl anion, which is aromatic and has an intense orange colour. The anion is a nucleophile and most electrophiles react with it by adding to the 9-position. In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant () is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2SO. This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. ... Acids and bases: Acid-base extraction Acid-base reaction Acid dissociation constant Acidity function Buffer solutions pH Proton affinity Self-ionization of water Acids: Lewis acids Mineral acids Organic acids Strong acids Superacids Weak acids Bases: Lewis bases Organic bases Strong bases Superbases Non-nucleophilic bases Weak bases edit In... An organolithium reagent is a carbon nucleophile similar to a Grignard reagent. ... Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. ... In chemistry, a nucleophile (literally nucleus lover) is a reagent which is attracted to centres of positive charge. ... In chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a reagent attracted to electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. ...

The carbamate ester of 9-hydroxymethylfluorene, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate (FMOC), is used a N-terminal protective group in peptide synthesis. Carbamates are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure -NH(CO)O-. More precisely the carbamate group is considered an amide group with an alkoxy or hydroxy functional group next to the carbonyl group. ... A carboxylic acid ester. ... In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the creation of peptides, which are organic compounds in which multiple amino acids bind via peptide bonds which are also known as amide bonds. ... It has been suggested that solid phase peptide synthesis be merged into this article or section. ...

Fluorene should not be confused with fluorone, nor with the element fluorine. Fluorone Fluorone is the basic skeleton for various chemicals, most notably fluorone dyes (see dyes). ... The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ... Distinguished from fluorene and fluorone. ...

References

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

• National Pollutant Inventory - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet
• Fluorene in the National Institute of Standards and Technology database.