9 oxygen ← fluorine → neon - ↑ F ↓ Cl Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	fluorine, F, 9
Chemical series	halogens
Group, Period, Block	17, 2, p
Appearance	Yellowish brown gas
Atomic mass	18.9984032(5) g·mol−1
Electron configuration	1s2 2s2 2p5
Electrons per shell	2, 7
Physical properties
Phase	gas
Density	(0 °C, 101.325 kPa) 1.7 g/L
Melting point	53.53 K (-219.62 °C, -363.32 °F)
Boiling point	85.03 K (-188.12 °C, -306.62 °F)
Critical point	144.13 K, 5.172 MPa
Heat of fusion	(F2) 0.510 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(F2) 6.62 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) (F2) 31.304 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T(K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic
Oxidation states	−1 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	3.98 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 1681.0 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 3374.2 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 6050.4 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	50 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	42 pm
Covalent radius	71 pm (see covalent radius of fluorine)
Van der Waals radius	147 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 27.7 m W·m−1·K−1
CAS registry number	7782-41-4
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of fluorine iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 18F syn 109.77 min ε 1.656 18O 19F 100% F is stable with 10 neutrons
References

Fluorine (IPA: /ˈflʊərɪːn, -ɔːrɪːn/, Latin: fluere, meaning "to flow"), is the chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. Atomic fluorine is univalent and is the most chemically reactive and electronegative of all the elements. In its elementally isolated (pure) form, fluorine is a poisonous, pale, yellow-green gas, with chemical formula F₂. Like other halogens, molecular fluorine is highly dangerous; it causes severe chemical burns on contact with skin. General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number neon, Ne, 10 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 20. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x270, 10 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Fluorine User:Femto/elements e1 ... This is a standard display of the periodic table of elements. ... This extended periodic table was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. ... This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by name and color coded according to type of element. ... Categories: Chemical elements ... sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex... The halogens are a chemical series of nonmetals. ... A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ... In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a row of the table. ... A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. ... The halogens are a chemical series. ... A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... The p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... Fluorine sample (gas, doesnt look like much). ... The atomic mass of a chemical element is the mass of an atom at rest, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude we list here masses between 6. ... Hydrogen = 1 List of Elements in Atomic Number Order. ... Electron atomic and molecular orbitals In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure (eg, a crystal). ... e- redirects here. ... Example of a sodium electron shell model An electron shell, also known as a main energy level, is a group of atomic orbitals with the same value of the principal quantum number n. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... A gas is one of the four major phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma, that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... In physics, Density is defined as mass m per unit volume V. Mathematically, it is expressed as where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg v is the volume of the substance... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where absolute zero—the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in a substance—is defined as zero kelvin (0 K). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where absolute zero—the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in a substance—is defined as zero kelvin (0 K). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... In physical chemistry, thermodynamics, chemistry and condensed matter physics, a critical point, also called a critical state, specifies the conditions (temperature, pressure) at which the liquid state of the matter ceases to exist. ... The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where absolute zero—the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in a substance—is defined as zero kelvin (0 K). ... Standard enthalpy change of fusion of period three. ... Kilojoule per mole are an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material, where energy is measured in units of 1000 joules, and the amount of material is measured in mole units. ... The standard enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvHo, also (less correctly) known as the heat of vaporization is the energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance into a gas. ... Kilojoule per mole are an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material, where energy is measured in units of 1000 joules, and the amount of material is measured in mole units. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In chemistry and physics, Vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... In chemical nomenclature, the oxidation number (formerly known as the Stock number) of an element in a molecule or complex is the charge that it would bear if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared with the central atom. ... In databases, ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. ... Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom or molecule to attract electrons in the context of a chemical bond. ... The ionization energy (IE) of an atom or of a molecule is the energy required to strip it of an electron. ... These tables list the ionization energy in kJ/mol necessary to remove an electron from a neutral atom (first energy), respectively from a singly, doubly, etc. ... Kilojoule per mole are an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material, where energy is measured in units of 1000 joules, and the amount of material is measured in mole units. ... The atomic radius is the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outermost stable electron orbital in an atom that is at equilibrium. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 pm and 100 pm (10-11 m and 10-12 m). ... Picometre (American spelling: picometer) is an SI measure of length that is equal to 10−12 of a metre. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 pm and 100 pm (10-11 m and 10-12 m). ... Covalent radius in chemistry corresponds to half of the distance between two identical atomic nuclei, bound by a covalent bond. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10 pm and 100 pm (10-11 m and 10-12 m). ... The covalent radius of fluorine is a measure of the covalent radius of fluorine, which is approximated at about 60 pm. ... The van der Waals radius of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere which can be used to model the atom for many purposes. ... You have big harry skanky balls ... Magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet shown by iron filings on paper In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. ... In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the intensive property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... 18-F important source of positrons ... Isotopes are any of the several different forms of an element each having different atomic mass. ... Natural abundance refers to the prevalence of different isotopes of an element as found in nature. ... Half-Life For a quantity subject to exponential decay, the half-life is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. ... In physics, the decay mode describes a particular way a particle decays. ... The decay energy is the energy released by a nuclear decay. ... An electronvolt (symbol: eV) is the amount of energy gained by a single unbound electron when it falls through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. ... In nuclear physics, a decay product, also known as a daughter product, is a nuclide resulting from the radioactive decay of a parent or precursor nuclide. ... A Synthetic radioisotope is a radionuclide that is not found in nature: no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it, or it is so unstable that it decays away in a very short period of time. ... Electron capture is a decay mode for isotopes that will occur when there are too many protons in the nucleus of an atom, and there isnt enough energy to emit a positron; however, it continues to be a viable decay mode for radioactive isotopes that can decay by positron... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... ≈≈ This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Recommended values for many properties of the elements, together with various references, are collected on these data pages. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The periodic table of the chemical elements (this version outdated on October 13, 2006) A chemical element, or element for short, is a pure substance that cannot be decomposed into any simpler substance. ... It has been suggested that List of elements by atomic number be merged into this article or section. ... The term univalent or monovalent describes atoms with one valence electron, i. ... Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom or molecule to attract electrons in the context of a chemical bond. ... The skull and crossbones symbol traditionally used to label a poisonous substance. ... Rubber duckies. ... Mossy, green fountain in Wattens, Austria. ... The halogens are a chemical series of nonmetals. ...

Fluorine's relatively large electronegativity and small atomic radius gives it interesting bonding characteristics, particularly in conjunction with carbon. See covalent radius of fluorine. The covalent radius of fluorine is a measure of the covalent radius of fluorine, which is approximated at about 60 pm. ...

Notable characteristics

Pure fluorine (F₂) is a corrosive pale yellow or brown[1] gas that is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is the most reactive and electronegative of all the elements (4.0), and readily forms compounds with most other elements. Fluorine even combines with the noble gases, krypton, xenon, and radon. Even in dark, cool conditions, fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen. It is so reactive that glass, metals, and even water, as well as other substances, burn with a bright flame in a jet of fluorine gas. It is far too reactive to be found in elemental form and has such an affinity for most elements, including silicon, that it can neither be prepared nor be kept in ordinary glass vessels. Instead, it must be kept in specialized quartz tubes lined with a very thin layer of fluorocarbons. In moist air it reacts with water to form also-dangerous hydrofluoric acid. A gas is one of the four major phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma, that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... The noble gases are the elements in group 18 (Group 0 IUPAC Style) of the periodic table. ... General Name, Symbol, Number krypton, Kr, 36 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 4, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 83. ... General Name, Symbol, Number xenon, Xe, 54 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 5, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 131. ... General Name, Symbol, Number radon, Rn, 86 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 6, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass (222) g·mol−1 Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 Physical properties Phase gas Density (0 °C, 101. ... This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. ... Impact of a drop of water. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p Appearance as coarse powder, dark gray with bluish tinge Atomic mass 28. ... Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the Earths continental crust. ... Hydrofluoric acid is a highly toxic and corrosive solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. ...

In aqueous solution, fluorine commonly occurs as the fluoride ion F⁻, although HF is such a weak acid that substantial amounts of it are present in any water solution of fluoride at near neutral pH. Other forms are fluoro-complexes, such as [FeF₄]⁻, or H₂F⁺. Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ...

Fluorides are compounds that combine fluorine with some positively charged counterpart. They often consist of crystalline ionic salts. Fluorine compounds with metals are among the most stable of salts. Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine. ...

History

Fluorine in the form of fluorspar (also called fluorite) (calcium fluoride) was described in 1530 by Georgius Agricola for its use as a flux ^[1], which is a substance that is used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals. In 1670 Schwanhard found that glass was etched when it was exposed to fluorspar that was treated with acid. Carl Wilhelm Scheele and many later researchers, including Humphry Davy, Gay-Lussac, Antoine Lavoisier, and Louis Thenard all would experiment with hydrofluoric acid, easily obtained by treating calcium fluoride (fluorspar) with concentrated sulfuric acid. Fluorite (also called fluor-spar) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ... Fluorite (also called fluor-spar) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ... Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an insoluble ionic compound of calcium and fluorine. ... June 25 - Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. ... Georg Agricola Georgius Agricola (March 24, 1494 – November 21, 1555) was a German scholar and man of science. ... In metallurgy, flux is a substance which removes passivating oxides from the surface of a metal or alloy. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. ... Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... Octahedral fluorite crystals from New Mexico, USA Fluorite (also called fluor-spar or Blue John) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ... In databases, ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. ... Carl Wilhelm Scheele Scheeles house with his pharmacy in Köping. ... Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, FRS (17 December 1778 – 29 May 1829) was an esteemed British chemist and physicist. ... Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. ... Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 – May 8, 1794) the father of modern chemistry, was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics. ... Louis Jacques Thénard. ... Fluorite (also called fluor-spar) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ...

It was eventually realized that hydrofluoric acid contained a previously unknown element. This element was not isolated for many years after this, due to its extreme reactivity; fluorine can only be prepared from its compounds electrolytically, and then it immediately attacks any susceptible materials in the area. Finally, in 1886, elemental fluorine was isolated by Henri Moissan after almost 74 years of continuous effort by other chemists.^[2] It was an effort which cost several researchers their health or even their lives. The derivation of elemental fluorine from hydrofluoric acid is exceptionally dangerous, killing or blinding several scientists who attempted early experiments on this halogen. These men came to be referred to as "fluorine martyrs." For Moissan, it earned him the 1906 Nobel Prize in chemistry (Moissan himself lived to be 54, and it is not clear whether his fluorine work shortened his life). 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852--1907) won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. ...

The first large-scale production of fluorine was needed for the atomic bomb Manhattan project in World War II where the compound uranium hexafluoride (UF₆) was needed as a gaseous carrier of uranium to separate the ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U isotopes of uranium. Today both the gaseous diffusion process and the gas centrifuge process use gaseous UF₆ to produce enriched uranium for nuclear power applications. In the Manhattan Project, it was found that elemental fluorine was present whenever UF₆ was, due to the spontaneous decomposition of this compound into UF₄ and F₂. The corrosion problem due to the F₂ was eventually solved by electrolytically coating all UF₆ carrying piping with nickel metal, which resists fluorine's attack. Joints and flexible parts were made from Teflon, then a very recently-discovered fluorine-containing plastic which was not attacked by F₂. The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... The Manhattan Project resulted in the development of the first nuclear weapons, and the first-ever nuclear detonation, at the Trinity test of July 16, 1945. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Uranium hexafluoride, or UF6, is a compound used in the uranium enrichment process that produces fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. ... Isotopes are any of the several different forms of an element each having different atomic mass. ... General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Atomic mass 238. ... -1... The gas centrifuge is a hyper-centrifuge used to produce enriched uranium. ... These pie-graphs showing the relative proportions of uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) at different levels of enrichment. ... A nuclear power station. ... Teflon is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer of fluorinated ethylene. ...

Safety

Both elemental fluorine and fluoride ions are highly toxic and must be handled with great care and any contact with skin and eyes should be strictly avoided. When it is a free element, fluorine has a characteristic pungent odor that is detectable in concentrations as low as 20 nL/L. Its MAC-value is 1 1 µL/L. All equipment must be passivated before exposure to fluorine.^{[citation needed]} For more information consult an MSDS. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Epidermis (skin). ... A human eye. ... Passivation is the process of making a material passive in relation to another material prior to using the materials together. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...

Main article: hydrofluoric acid

Contact of exposed skin with HF solutions posses one of the most extreme and insidious industrial threats—one which is exacerbated by the fact that HF damages nerves in such a way as to make such burns initially painless. The HF molecule is capable of rapidly migrating through lipid layers of cells which would ordinarily stop an ionized acid, and the burns are typically deep. HF may react with calcium, permanently damaging the bone. More seriously, reaction with the body's calcium can cause cardiac arrhythmias, followed by cardiac arrest brought on by sudden chemical changes within the body. These cannot always be prevented with local or intravenous injection of calcium salts. HF spills over just 2.5% of the body's surface area, despite copious immediate washing, have been fatal (this corresponds with an area of about 9 in² or 23 cm²). If the patient survives, HF burns typically produce open wounds of an especially slow-healing nature. Hydrofluoric acid is a highly toxic and corrosive solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. ...

Elemental fluorine is a powerful oxidizer which can cause organic material, combustibles, or other flammable materials to ignite.^{[citation needed]}

Preparation

Elemental fluorine is prepared industrially by Moissan's original process: electrolysis of anhydrous HF in which KHF₂ has been dissolved to provide enough ions for conduction to take place. The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852--1907) won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. ...

In 1986, preparing for a conference to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of fluorine, Karl Christe discovered a purely-chemical preparation by reacting together at 150 °C solutions in anhydrous HF of K₂MnF₆ and of SbF₅. The reaction is: Antimony pentafluoride, SbF5 is a chemical compound. ...

K₂MnF₆ + 2SbF₅ → 2KSbF₆ + MnF₂ + F₂

This is not a practical synthesis, but demonstrates that electrolysis is not essential. General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... General Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 54. ... General Name, Symbol, Number antimony, Sb, 51 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous grey Atomic mass 121. ... General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... General Name, Symbol, Number antimony, Sb, 51 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous grey Atomic mass 121. ... General Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 54. ...

Compounds

Fluorine can often be substituted for hydrogen when it occurs in organic compounds. Through this mechanism, fluorine can have a very large number of compounds. Fluorine compounds involving noble gases were first synthesised by Neil Bartlett in 1962 - xenon hexafluoroplatinate, XePtF₆, being the first. Fluorides of krypton and radon have also been prepared. Also argon fluorohydride has been prepared, although it is only stable at cryogenic temperatures. This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... Neil Bartlett (born September 15, 1932) is an English-born American chemist. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... General Name, Symbol, Number krypton, Kr, 36 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 4, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 83. ... General Name, Symbol, Number radon, Rn, 86 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 6, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass (222) g·mol−1 Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 Physical properties Phase gas Density (0 °C, 101. ... The discovery of this first argon compound is credited to as group of Finnish scientists, lead by Markku Rasanen. ...

Fluorite (CaF₂) crystals

This element is recovered from fluorite, cryolite, and fluorapatite. Commons:Imagem:Fluorite_crystals_270x444. ... Commons:Imagem:Fluorite_crystals_270x444. ... Fluorite (also called fluor-spar) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ... The cryolite Ivgtut, Greenland, summer 1940 Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate. ... Apatite is a group of minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH-, F-, or Cl- ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. ...

For a list of fluorine compounds, see here.

Applications

Atomic fluorine and molecular fluorine are used for plasma etching in semiconductor manufacturing, flat panel display production and MEMS fabrication. Other uses: Plasma etching is a form of plasma processing in which a high-speed stream of plasma is shot (in pulses) at a metal. ... A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically. ... Flat panel displays encompass a growing number of technologies enabling video displays that are lighter and much thinner than traditional television and video displays using cathode ray tubes, usually less than 10 cm (4 inches) thick. ... A mite next to a gear set produced using MEMS. Courtesy Sandia National Laboratories, SUMMiTTM Technologies, www. ...

• Hydrofluoric acid (chemical formula HF) is used to etch glass in light bulbs and other products.
• Fluorine is indirectly used in the production of low friction plastics such as Teflon, and in halons such as Freon.
• Along with some of its compounds, fluorine is used in the production of pure uranium from uranium hexafluoride and in the synthesis of numerous commercial fluorochemicals, including vitally important pharmaceuticals, agrochemical compounds, lubricants, and textiles.
• Fluorochlorohydrocarbons are used extensively in air conditioning and in refrigeration. Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned for these applications because they contribute to ozone destruction and the ozone hole. Interestingly, since it is chlorine and bromine radicals which harm the ozone layer, not fluorine, compounds which do not have chlorine or bromine and contain only fluorine, carbon and hydrogen (called hydrofluorocarbons), are not on the E.P.A. list of ozone-depleting substances [2], and have been widely used as replacements for the chlorine and bromine containing fluorocarbons. Hydrofluorocarbons do have a greenhouse effect, but a small one compared with carbon dioxide and methane.
• Sulfur hexafluoride is an extremely inert and nontoxic gas, and a member of a class of compounds that are potent greenhouse gases.
• Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (cryolite), is used in the electrolysis of aluminium.
• In much higher concentrations, sodium fluoride has been used as an insecticide, especially against cockroaches.
• Fluorides have been used in the past to help molten metal flow, hence the name.
• Some researchers including US space scientists in the early 1960s have studied elemental fluorine gas as a possible rocket propellant due to its exceptionally high specific impulse. The experiments failed because fluorine proved difficult to handle, and its combustion products proved extremely toxic and corrosive.
• Polytetrafluoroethylene, also known as the non-stick Teflon surface in baking pans.

Dental and medical uses: Hydrofluoric acid is a highly toxic and corrosive solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. ... This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Teflon is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer of fluorinated ethylene. ... Halon 1211 and Halon 1301 are special-purpose fire extiguishing agents that were banned by the Montreal Protocol. ... Freon is a trade name for a group of chlorofluorocarbons used primarily as a refrigerant. ... General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Atomic mass 238. ... Uranium hexafluoride, or UF6, is a compound used in the uranium enrichment process that produces fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. ... This article should be merged with Freon, Halon, CFC, and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and added to Alkyl halide Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is one of a class of fluorocarbon compounds that are used primarily as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitutes. ... Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ... Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, and rejecting it elsewhere for the primary purpose of lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. ... For other uses, see CFC (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ozone (disambiguation). ... Image of the largest antarctic ozone hole ever recorded in September 2000. ... The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes) are a group of chemical compounds, consisting of alkanes, such as methane or ethane, with one or more halogens linked, such as chlorine or fluorine, making them a type of organic halide. ... Sulfur hexafluoride is SF6. ... Top: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels as measured in the atmosphere and ice cores. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... The cryolite Ivgtut, Greenland, summer 1940 Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate. ... Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound whose formula is NaF. It was once used to fluoridate water; however, hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) and its salt (Na2SiF6) are more commonly used, especially in the United States. ... Rocket fuel is a propellant that reacts with an oxidizing agent to produce thrust in a rocket. ... The specific impulse (commonly abbreviated Isp) of a propulsion system is the impulse (change in momentum) per unit mass of propellant. ... Teflon is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer of fluorinated ethylene. ... Teflon is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a polymer of fluorinated ethylene. ...

• Compounds of fluorine, including sodium fluoride (NaF), stannous fluoride (SnF₂) and sodium MFP, are used in toothpaste to prevent dental cavities. These compounds are also added to municipal water supplies, a process called water fluoridation, though a combination of health concerns and urban legends has sometimes led to controversy.
• Many important agents for general anesthesia such as sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane are hydrofluorocarbon derivatives.
• Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections.
• Fluoroquinolones are a family of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• SSRI antidepressants, except in a few instances, are fluorinated molecules. These include citalopram,escitalopram oxalate,fluoxetine,fluvoxamine maleate, and paroxetine. A notable exception is sertraline. Because of the difficulty of biological systems in dealing with metabolism of fluoriinated molecules, fluorinated antibiotics and antidepressants are among the major fluorinated organics found in treated city sewage and wastewater.

• ¹⁸F, a radioactive isotope that emits positrons, is often used in positron emission tomography, because its half-life of 110 minutes is long by the standards of positron-emitters.

Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound whose formula is NaF. It was once used to fluoridate water; however, hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) and its salt (Na2SiF6) are more commonly used, especially in the United States. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine. ... Sodium monofluorophosphate Sodium monofluorophosphate (also disodium monofluorophosphate or MFP) is a chemical with the formula Na2PO3F. Its molecular weight is 143. ... Modern toothpaste gel Toothpaste is a paste or gel used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. ... Water fluoridation is the practice of adding fluoride compounds to water with the intended purpose of reducing tooth decay in the general population. ... An urban legend is a kind of modern folklore consisting of stories often thought to be factual by those circulating them. ... Water fluoridation controversy refers to the debate surrounding the health benefits of public authorities fluoridating water supplies. ... Sevoflurane (2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether), also called fluoromethyl, is a halogenated ether used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. ... Desflurane is a highly flourinated ether used for maintenance of general anaesthesia. ... Structural formula of isoflurane Isoflurane (1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether used for inhalation anesthesia. ... CFC molecules CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are a family of artificial chemical compounds containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon. ... Fluconazole (INN) (IPA: ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones form a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics. ... A broad-spectrum antibiotic is so called due to its activity against a wide range of infectious agents. ... SSRI is an acronym that stands for several things: It is a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI also is used as the stock symbol for Silver Standard Resources Inc. ... Citalopram is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders. ... Escitalopram oxalate (also known as LexaproTM and CipralexTM) is a medication developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck, that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or SSRI. It is typically used as an antidepressant to treat depression associated with mood disorders although also may be used in the treatment... Fluoxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant drug used medically in the treatment of depression, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, hypochondriasis and panic disorder. ... Fluvoxamine maleate (sold under the brand-names Luvox® and Faverin®) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. ... Paroxetine or paroxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. ... Sertraline hydrochloride (also labeled under numerous brand names: Zoloft, Sertralin, Lustral, Apo-Sertral, Asentra, Gladem, Serlift, Stimuloton, Xydep, Serlain, Concorz) is a popular orally administered antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) type. ... Fluorine-18 is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons. ... The first detection of the positron in 1932 by Carl D. Anderson The positron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. ... Image of a typical positron emission tomography (PET) facility Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three dimensional image or map of functional processes in the body. ...

See also

• Fluorocarbon
• Isotopes of fluorine
• Halide minerals

Some important fluorocarbons. ... 18-F important source of positrons ...

References

• Los Alamos National Laboratory – Fluorine

1. ^ Fluoride History Discovery of fluorine
2. ^ H. Moissan (1886). "Action d'un courant électrique sur l'acide fluorhydrique anhydre". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 102: 1543-1544. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Fluorine

Look up fluorine in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• WebElements.com – Fluorine
• It's Elemental – Fluorine
• Picture of liquid fluorine – chemie-master.de
• Chemsoc.org
• idof Dentists to sue over continued fluoridation of drinking water
• Google search results on news that is suppressed and often ignored from science studies based on evidence using humans
• City of Del Rio remove fluorine
• Alternative URL - Del Rio ban fluoridated water
• Periodic Table of Elements
• Discovery of fluorine
• Europe banned fluoride decades ago in fear of possible causes of bone cancers from many science studies
• The Neurotoxicity Of Fluoride In Drinking Water - Why EPA's Headquarters Professionals' Union Opposes Fluoridation
• Possibly biased science based on both private and government research showing how this natural poison can cause illness, many natural chemical poisons have healing capabilities in small doses but may also cause harm
• Visible, Pure Fluorine in Quartz Tube

• Links to external chemical sources

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that French Wiktionary be merged into this article or section. ...