Fluxus—a name taken from a Latin word meaning "to flow"—is an international network of artists, composers and designers noted for blending different artistic media and disciplines in the 1960s. They have been active in visual art and music as well as literature, urban planning, architecture, and design. Fluxus is often described as intermedia, a term coined by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins in a famous 1966 essay. For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... Many times, the term art is used to refer to the visual arts. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Literature (disambiguation). ... Urban planning is concerned with the ordering and design of settlements, from the smallest towns to the worlds largest cities. ... This article is about building architecture. ... All Saints Chapel in the Cathedral Basilica of St. ... For the hypertext system, see Intermedia (hypertext) Intermedia was a concept employed in the mid-sixties by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins to describe the ineffable, often confusing, inter-disciplinary activities that occur between genres that became prevalent in the 1960s. ... Dick Higgins (born Cambridge, England 1938, died Quebec, Canada 1998) was a poet and early Fluxus artist. ...

History of Fluxus

Early Fluxus

The origins of Fluxus lie in many of the concepts explored by composer John Cage in his experimental music of the 1950s. Cage explored notions of chance in art, through works such as 4' 33", which influenced Lithuanian-born artist George Maciunas.^[1] Maciunas (1931–1978) organized the first Fluxus event in 1961 at the AG Gallery in New York City and the first Fluxus festivals in Europe in 1962.^[1] For the Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ... The three movements of 4′33″. 4′33″ is an experimental musical work[1][2] by avant-garde composer John Cage. ... George Maciunas (November 8, 1931-May 9, 1978) was a Lithuanian-American artist. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

While Fluxus was named and loosely organized by Maciunas, the Fluxus community began in a small but global network of artists and composers who were already at work when Maciunas met them through poet Jackson Mac Low in the early 1960s. Cage's 1957 to 1959 Experimental Composition classes at the New School for Social Research in New York City were attended by Fluxus founding members Jackson Mac Low, Al Hansen, George Brecht and Dick Higgins, many of whom were working in other media with little or no background in music. Another cluster of Fluxus artists was connected to each other through Rutgers University. Many other artists were invited by Cage to attend his classes unofficially at the New School. Marcel Duchamp and Allan Kaprow (who is credited as the creator of the first "happenings") were also influential to Fluxus. In its early days Fluxus artists were active in Europe (especially in Germany), and Japan as well as in the United States. New School University is an institute of higher learning in New York City. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Jackson Mac Low (September 12, 1922 - December 8, 2004) was an American poet, performance artist, composer and playwright, known to most readers of poetry as a practioneer of systematic chance operations and other non-intentional compositional methods in his work, which Mac Low first experienced in the musical work of... Al Hansen (1927, New York City - June 22, 1995. ... George Brecht (born Halfway, Oregon, United States 1924) was an early Fluxus artist. ... Dick Higgins (born Cambridge, England 1938, died Quebec, Canada 1998) was a poet and early Fluxus artist. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... // Rutgers University has been an important center for Fluxus in America. ... “Rutgers” redirects here. ... Marcel Duchamp (pronounced ) (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955) whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the... Allan Kaprow (August 23, 1927 - April 5, 2006) helped to develop the Environment and Happening in the late 1950s and 1960s, as well as their theory. ... Happenings has multiple meanings (besides the straightforward dictionary definition): The Happenings were a 1960s pop music group whose major hits were See You In September and a cover of I Got Rhythm updated for the nascent pop/rock era. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Fluxus encouraged a do it yourself aesthetic, and valued simplicity over complexity. Like Dada before it, Fluxus included a strong current of anti-commercialism and an anti-art sensibility, disparaging the conventional market-driven art world in favor of an artist-centered creative practice. As Fluxus artist Robert Filliou wrote, however, Fluxus differed from Dada in its richer set of aspirations, and the positive social and communitarian aspirations of Fluxus far outweighed the anti-art tendency that also marked the group. See also: DIY Network, a cable TV network. ... DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Anti art is a work that is exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious art or challenges the nature of art. ...

In terms of an artistic approach, Fluxus artists preferred to work with whatever materials were at hand, and either created their own work or collaborated in the creation process with their colleagues. Outsourcing part of the creative process to commercial fabricators was not usually part of Fluxus practice. Maciunas personally hand-assembled many of the Fluxus multiples and editions. While Maciunas assembled many objects by hand, he designed and intended them for mass production. Where many multiple publishers produced signed, numbered objects in limited editions intended for sale at high prices, Maciunas produced open editions at low prices. Several other Fluxus publishers produced different kinds of Fluxus editions. The best known of these was Something Else Press, a book publishing company established by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins. Something Else Press was probably the largest and most extensive Fluxus publisher, producing books in editions that ran from 1,500 copies to as many as 5,000 copies, all available at standard bookstore prices.

Fluxus art

The art forms most closely associated with Fluxus are event scores and Fluxus boxes. Fluxus boxes (sometimes called Fluxkits or Fluxboxes) originated with George Maciunas who would gather collections of printed cards, games, and ideas, organizing them in small plastic or wooden boxes.

The idea of the event began in Henry Cowell's philosophy of music. Cowell, a teacher to John Cage and later to Dick Higgins, coined the term that Higgins and others later applied to short, terse descriptions of performable work. The term "score" is used in exactly the sense that one uses the term to describe a music score: a series of notes that allow anyone to perform the work, an idea linked both to what Nam June Paik labeled the "do it yourself" approach and to what Ken Friedman termed "musicality." While much is made of the do it yourself approach to art, it is vital to recognize that this idea emerges in music, and such important Fluxus artists as Paik, Higgins, or Corner began as composers, bringing to art the idea that each person can create the work by "doing it." This is what Friedman meant by musicality, extending the idea more radically to conclude that anyone can create work of any kind from a score, acknowledging the composer as the originator of the work while realizing the work freely and even interpreting it in far different ways than the original composer might have done.

Event scores such as George Brecht's "Drip Music", are essentially performance scripts that are usually only a few lines long and consist of descriptions of actions to be performed rather than dialogue. Fluxus artists differentiate event scores from "happenings". Whereas happenings were sometimes complicated, lengthy performances meant to blur the lines between performer and audience, performance and reality, Fluxus performances were usually brief and simple. The Event performances sought to elevate the banal, to be mindful of the mundane, and to frustrate the high culture of academic and market-driven music and art. Other creative forms that have been adopted by Fluxus practitioners include collage, sound art, music, video, and poetry—especially visual poetry and concrete poetry. George Brecht (born Halfway, Oregon, United States 1924) was an early Fluxus artist. ... A happening is a performance, event or situation meant to be considered as art. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Collage (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Video (disambiguation). ... This article is about the art form. ... Visual poetry, is poetry or art in which the visual arrangement of text, images and symbols is important in conveying the intended effect of the work. ... Concrete poetry, pattern poetry or shape poetry is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem, such as meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on. ...

Among its early associates were Joseph Beuys, Dick Higgins, Nam June Paik, Wolf Vostell, La Monte Young and Yoko Ono who explored media ranging from performance art to poetry to experimental music to film. They took the stance of opposition to the ideas of tradition and professionalism in the arts of their time, the Fluxus group shifted the emphasis from what an artist makes to the artist's personality, actions, and opinions. Throughout the 1960s and '70s (their most active period) they staged "action" events, engaged in politics and public speaking, and produced sculptural works featuring unconventional materials. Their radically untraditional works included, for example, the video art of Nam June Paik and the performance art of Beuys. The often playful style of Fluxus artists led to their being considered by some little more than a group of pranksters in their early years. Fluxus has also been compared to Dada and aspects of Pop Art and is seen as the starting point of mail art. Artists from succeeding generations such as Mark Bloch do not try to characterize themselves as Fluxus but create spinoffs such as Fluxpan or Jung Fluxus as a way of continuing some of the Fluxus ideas in a 21st century, post-mail art context. Joseph Beuys (IPA: ; May 12, 1921 – January 23, 1986) was an influential German artist who came to prominence in the 1960s. ... Dick Higgins (born Cambridge, England 1938, died Quebec, Canada 1998) was a poet and early Fluxus artist. ... Pre-Bell-Man, statue in front of the Museum für Kommunikation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... Wolf Vostell was one of the most important German artists after the Second World War. ... La Monte Young (born October 14, 1935) is an American composer whose eccentric and often hard-to-find works have been included among the most important post World War II avant-garde or experimental music. ... For the song by Die Ärzte, see Yoko Ono (song). ... This article is about Performance art. ... This article is about the art form. ... Video art is a type of art which relies on moving pictures and is comprised of video and/or audio data. ... Pre-Bell-Man, statue in front of the Museum für Kommunikation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... This article is about Performance art. ... Missing image Beuys, picture by Andy Warhol Joseph Beuys (May 12, 1921 – January 23, 1986) was a German artist who produced work in a number of forms including sculpture, performance art, video art and installations. ... DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing? (1956) is one of the earliest works to be considered pop art. ... Mail art is art which uses the postal system as a medium. ... For the French historian and founder of the Annales school, see Marc Bloch Mark Bloch (born January 23, 1956), also known as Pan, P.A.N., Panman, Panpost and the Post Art Network, is an American multi-media artist from Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Since 1982 he has lived in New... Mail art is art which uses the postal system as a medium. ...

Fluxus since 1978

After the death of George Maciunas in 1978 a rift opened in the movement between a few collectors and curators who placed Fluxus in a specific time frame (1962 to 1978), and the artists themselves, most of whom continued to see Fluxus as a living entity held together by its core values and world view. Different theorists and historians adopted each of these views. It is common to find writers referring to Fluxus in either the past or the present tense. The question is now significantly more complex due to the fact that many of the original artists who were still living when the controversy arose are now dead.

Some scholars who study Fluxus argue that the unique control that curator Jon Hendricks (not the same-named jazz vocalist) holds over a major historical Fluxus collection (the Gilbert and Lila Silverman collection) has enabled him to influence, through the numerous books and catalogues subsidized by the collection, the view that Fluxus died with Maciunas. Hendricks argues that Fluxus was an historical movement that occurred at a particular time, asserting that such central Fluxus artists as Dick Higgins and Nam June Paik could no longer label themselves as active Fluxus artists after 1978, and that contemporary artists influenced by Fluxus cannot lay claim to be Fluxus artists. However, the influence of Fluxus continues today in multi-media performances. Jon Hendricks (born September 16, 1921 in Newark, Ohio) is a jazz lyricist and singer. ... Dick Higgins (born Cambridge, England 1938, died Quebec, Canada 1998) was a poet and early Fluxus artist. ... Pre-Bell-Man, statue in front of the Museum für Kommunikation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ...

Other historians and scholars assert that although Maciunas was a key participant, there were many more, including Fluxus co-founder Higgins, who continued to work within Fluxus after the death of Maciunas. There are a number of post-1978 artists who remain associated with Fluxus. Some were contemporaries of Maciunas who became active in Fluxus after 1978. While there is not a large Fluxus artist community in any single urban center, the rise of the Internet in the 1990s has enabled a vibrant Fluxus community to thrive online. Some of the original artists from the 1960s and 1970s remain active in online communities such as the Fluxlist, and other artists, writers, musicians, and performers have joined them in cyberspace. Fluxus-oriented artists continue to meet in cities around the world to collaborate and communicate in "real-time" and physical spaces. The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... “Instrumentalist” redirects here. ... The performing arts include theater, motion pictures, drama, comedy, music, dance, opera, magic and the marching arts, such as brass bands, etc. ... It has been suggested that Virtual world be merged into this article or section. ...

Artistic philosophies

Fluxus is similar in spirit to the earlier art movement of Dada, emphasizing the concept of anti-art and taking jabs at the seriousness of modern art.^[1] Fluxus artists used their minimal performances to highlight their perceived connections between everyday objects and art, similarly to Duchamp in pieces such as Fountain.^[1] Fluxus art was often presented in "events", which Fluxus member George Brecht defined as "the smallest unit of a situation".^[1] The events consisted of a minimal instruction, opening the events to accidents and other unintended effects.^[2] Also contributing to the randomness of events was the integration of audience members into the performances, realizing Duchamp's notion of the viewer completing the art work.^[2] DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Anti art is a work that is exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious art or challenges the nature of art. ... Fountain by Marcel Duchamp. ... George Brecht (born Halfway, Oregon, United States 1924) was an early Fluxus artist. ...

The Fluxus artistic philosophy can be expressed as a synthesis of four key factors that define the majority of Fluxus work:

1. Fluxus is an attitude. It is not a movement or a style.^[3]
2. Fluxus is intermedia.^[4] Fluxus creators like to see what happens when different media intersect. They use found and everyday objects, sounds, images, and texts to create new combinations of objects, sounds, images, and texts.
3. Fluxus works are simple. The art is small, the texts are short, and the performances are brief.
4. Fluxus is fun. Humour has always been an important element in Fluxus.

Fluxus artists

Fluxus artists shared several characteristics including wit and "childlikeness", though they lacked a consistent identity as an artistic community.^[5] This vague self-identification allowed the group to integrate a varied group of artists, including a high number of women. The possibility that Fluxus had the most female members of any Western art group up to that point in history is particularly significant considering that Fluxus came on the heels of the white male-dominated abstract expressionism movement.^[5] However, despite the designed open-endedness of Fluxus, Maciunas insisted on maintaining unity in the collective. Because of this, Maciunas was accused of expelling certain members for deviating from what he perceived as the goals of Fluxus.^[6] Jackson Pollock, No. ...

Many artists, writers, and composers have been associated with Fluxus over the years, including:

Eric Andersen (born February 14, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... how doing ... Joseph Beuys (IPA: ; May 12, 1921 – January 23, 1986) was an influential German artist who came to prominence in the 1960s. ... George Brecht (born Halfway, Oregon, United States 1924) was an early Fluxus artist. ... Allen Bukoff, born June 20, 1951, is an artist and social psychologist in Birmingham, Michigan. ... Joseph Byrd (almost no one except Columbia Records ever called him Joe) (born December 19, 1937 in Louisville, Kentucky, raised Tucson, Arizona) was the leader of The United States of America, a notable rock band from the 1960s, as well as the psychedelic group Joe Byrd and the Field... For the Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ... Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari (also known simply as Giuseppe Chiari; 10 March 1654- 8 September 1727) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active mostly in Rome. ... Philip (Lionel) Corner (April 10, 1933—) is a composer as well as trombonist, vocalist, and pianist. ... Jean Dupuy (born November 22, 1937) is a French-born artist. ... Robert Filliou (Born Jan 17, 1926, Sauve, France - Died 1987, Les Eyzies, France) is a French Fluxus artist, who produced works as a filmmaker, action poet, sculptor, and Happenings maestro. ... Henry Flynt was born in 1940 in Greensboro, NC. He is a philosopher, musician, anti-art activist and exhibited artist. ... Ken Friedman is a seminal figure in Fluxus, an international experimental art, literature, and music movement. ... Al Hansen (1927, New York City - June 22, 1995. ... Geoffrey Hendricks is an American artist born in Littletown, New Hampshire in 1931. ... Dick Higgins (born Cambridge, England 1938, died Quebec, Canada 1998) was a poet and early Fluxus artist. ... Ruud Janssen (b. ... Joe Jones is the name of: Joe Jones (R&B singer), a US rhythm and blues singer and composer Philly Joe Jones, an US jazz musician This human name article is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that might otherwise share the same title, which is a persons... Allan Kaprow (August 23, 1927 - April 5, 2006) helped to develop the Environment and Happening in the late 1950s and 1960s, as well as their theory. ... Bengt Knut Erik af Klintberg (b. ... Alison Knowles (1933 - ) is an American artist who produced work in a number of forms. ... Takehisa Kosugi (小杉武久; surname Kosugi; b. ... Philip Krumm (born on April 7, 1941 in Baltimore, MD) is an American composer who was a pioneer of modal, repetitive pattern music[1]. Krumm studied orchestration and composition with Raymond Moses in high school, with Frank Sturchio at Saint Marys University, with Ross Lee Finney at University of... Kubota Shigeko visual and performance artist born in Niigata, Japan, in 1937. ... George Landow (aka Owen Land) is a Hispanic painter, writer, photographer, and filmmaker. ... Professor Vytautas Landsbergis ( (help· info), born October 18, 1932) is a Lithuanian conservative politician and member of the European Parliament. ... Jackson Mac Low (September 12, 1922 - December 8, 2004) was an American poet, performance artist, composer and playwright, known to most readers of poetry as a practioneer of systematic chance operations and other non-intentional compositional methods in his work, which Mac Low first experienced in the musical work of... George Maciunas (November 8, 1931-May 9, 1978) was a Lithuanian-American artist. ... Gustav Metzger was born to Polish-Jewish parents in Nuremberg, Germany in 1926 and came to Britain as a refugee under the auspices of the Refugee Children movement. ... Larry Miller is the name of several notable people: Larry Miller, American comedian and actor. ... Madeline Charlotte Moorman (November 18, 1933–November 8, 1991) was an American cellist and performance artist. ... For the song by Die Ärzte, see Yoko Ono (song). ... Pre-Bell-Man, statue in front of the Museum für Kommunikation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... Terry Riley – (Portrait by Betty Freeman) Terry Riley (born 24 June 1935) is an American composer associated with the minimalist school. ... Dieter Roth (1930–1998) was a German-born Swiss printmaker and mixed-media artist. ... Carolee Schneemann (b. ... Litsa Spathi (born 1958) is a Greek painter, performer and fluxus artist, currently living in Heidelberg, Germany. ... Daniel Spoerri (born Daniel Isaac Feinstein 27 March 1930) is a Romanian-born French dancer and performance artist. ... James Tenney (August 10, 1934 in Silver City, NM) is an American composer and influential music theorist. ... Yasunao Tone is a Japanese artist has worked with many different types of media throught his career. ... Cecil Touchon Born 1956 Austin, Texas is a contemporary American collage artist, painter, published poet and theorist living in Fort Worth, Texas. ... Ben Vautier (born on July 18, 1935 in Naples, Italy), also known as just Ben, is a French artist. ... Wolf Vostell was one of the most important German artists after the Second World War. ... Yoshi Wada (b. ... Robert Watts is a producer, known for his involvement with several hugely successful films. ... Emmett Williams, born April 4, 1925, in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. ... La Monte Young (born October 14, 1935) is an American composer whose eccentric and often hard-to-find works have been included among the most important post World War II avant-garde or experimental music. ...

Scholars, critics, and curators associated with Fluxus

Simon Anderson is one of the most important, and underated, figures in surfing. ... For the French historian and founder of the Annales school, see Marc Bloch Mark Bloch (born January 23, 1956), also known as Pan, P.A.N., Panman, Panpost and the Post Art Network, is an American multi-media artist from Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Since 1982 he has lived in New... Anne Carson is a Canadian poet, essayist, and translator, as well as a professor of Classics and comparative literature at the University of Michigan. ... Walter Cianciusi is an Italian contemporary composer. ... Jon Hendricks (born September 16, 1921 in Newark, Ohio) is a jazz lyricist and singer. ... Hannah Higgins (born 1964) is an American writer and academic living in Chicago, Illinois. ... Judith Hoffberg (Born in 1934) is a librarian, archivist, lecturer, a curator and art writer, and editor and publisher of Umbrella, a newsletter on artists books, mail art, and Fluxus. ... Feminist Author Wrote Lesbian Nation in 1973. ... Henry Martin is a cartoonist. ... Jonas Mekas (1922 - ) is a Lithuanian filmmaker, writer, and curator who has often been called the godfather of American avant-garde cinema. ... Julia Hall Bowman Robinson (December 8, 1919 - July 30, 1985) was an American mathematician, born in Saint Louis, Missouri. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

Major collections and archives

• Alternative Traditions in Contemporary Art, University Library and University Art Museum, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
• Archiv Sohm, Stadtsgalerie Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
• Archivio Conz, Verona, Italy
• Artpool, Budapest, Hungary
• Emily Harvey Foundation, New York, New York, and Venice, Italy
• David Mayor/Fluxshoe/Beau Geste Press papers, Tate Gallery Archive, Tate Britain, London, England http://archive.tate.org.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqServer=tb-calm&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=8&dsqSearch=(UserWrapped5='Mayor')
• Fluxus Collection, Ken Friedman papers, Tate Gallery Archive, Tate Britain, London, England
• Fluxus Collection, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
• Franklin Furnace Archive, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA
• George Maciunas Memorial Collection, The Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
• Gilbert and Lila Silverman Fluxus Foundation, Detroit, Michigan, and New York, New York, USA
• Jean Brown Archive, Getty Center for the History of the Arts and Humanities, Los Angeles, California, USA
• TVF www.artvideo.tv The Endless Story of FLUXUS vol. 1 - 27 and more to come.Gent.Belgium

Selected bibliography

• Block, René, ed. 1962 Wiesbaden Fluxus 1982. Wiesbaden (BRD): Harlekin Art; Wiesbaden: Museum Wiesbaden and Nassauischer Kunstverein; Kassel: Neue Galerie der Staatliche, 1982.
• Friedman, Ken, ed. The Fluxus Reader. Chicester, West Sussex and New York: Academy Editions, 1998.
• Gray, John. Action Art. A Bibliography of Artists’ Performance from Futurism to Fluxus and Beyond. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993.
• Hansen, Al, and Hansen, Beck. Playing with Matches. RAM USA, 1998
• Held, John Jr. Mail Art: an Annotated Bibliography. Metuchen, New Jersey and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1991.
• Hendricks, Geoffrey, ed. Critical Mass, Happenings, Fluxus, performance, intermedia and Rutgers University 1958–1972. Mason Gross Art Galleries, Rutgers, and Mead Art Gallery, Amherst, 2003.
• Hendricks, Jon. Fluxus Codex. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1989.
• Jon Hendricks, ed. Fluxus, etc.: The Gilbert and Lila Silverman Collection. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbrook Museum of Art, 1982.
• Higgins, Hannah. Fluxus Experience. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
• Kellein, Thomas. Fluxus. London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995.
• Milman, Estera, ed. Fluxus: A Conceptual Country, [Visible Language, vol. 26, nos. 1/2] Providence: Rhode Island School of Design, 1992.
• Moren, Lisa. Intermedia. Baltimore, Maryland: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2003.
• Paull, Silke and Hervé Würz, eds. How we met or a microdemystification. Saarbrücken-Dudweiler (Germany) 1977, Engl.-German, AQ 16, Incl. a bibliography by Hanns Sohm.
• Phillpot, Clive, and Jon Hendricks, eds. Fluxus: Selections from the Gilbert and Lila Silverman Collection. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1988.
• Saper, Craig J. Networked Art. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
• Schmidt-Burkhardt, Astrit. Maciunas’ Learning Machine from Art History to a Chronology of Fluxus. Detroit, Michigan: Gilbert and Lila Silverman Fluxus Collection, 2005.
• Smith, Owen, Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego State University Press, San Diego, California, 1998.
• Williams, Emmett and Ann Noel, editors. Mr. Fluxus: A Collective Portrait of George Maciunas 1931–1978. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997.

Visible Language, issue 36. ...

See also

• Gutai group

The Gutai group (also spelled Gutaï or Gutaj, but in every case pronounced to rhyme with to tie) was an artistic movement and association of artists founded (according to most sources) by Jiro Yoshihara in Japan in 1954. ...

References

• Higgins, Dick (1966). "Intermedia". Something Else Newsletter 1. 
• O'Dell, Kathy (Spring 1997). "Fluxus Feminus". The Drama Review 41 (1): 43–60. ISSN 10542043. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. 
• Oren, Michel (May 1993). "Anti-Art as the End of Cultural History". Performing Arts Journal 15 (2): 1–30. ISSN 07358393. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. 
• Rush, Michael (2005). New Media in Art, 2nd, London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0500203781. 
• Smith, Owen (1998). Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego State University Press, San Diego, California. 

ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... PAJ, originally Performing Arts Journal, is a triannual journal founded in 1976 by Bonnie Marranca and Gautam Dasgupta. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) are a publisher, especially of art and illustrated books, founded in 1949 by Walter and Eva Neurath. ...

Notes

External links

• Fluxus Performance Workbook
• Subjugated Knowledges—exhibition catalogue
• Fluxus Debris! Art/Not Art
• Ken Friedman: Forty Years of Fluxus
• Fluxus.org
• Fluxlist
• Fluxlist Europe
• The Fluxus Blog: Contemporary and Historical Fluxus
• Fluxus Museum in Potsdam, Germany
• Archives of The Fluxlist
• Fluxus Heidelberg Center
• The Copenhagen Fluxus Archive
• FluxFilms (1962–1970) in MPEG format
• The Fluxnexus
• Archivio Bonotto, Fluxus - Zaj. Poesia Visuale, Concreta e Sonora
• The Western Front, Fluxus-associated artist-run centre, home of '24 Hours of Radio Art'