Folioceros is a genus of hornworts in the family Anthocerotaceae. The genus is common locally in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, growing on moist rocks, in fallow fields, and near waterfalls. It has a yellow-green gametophytethallus that is crispy and translucent, with short branchings that are almost pinnate. Plants are usually less than a centimeter wide and 3 centimeters long. They may be monoicous or dioicous. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... This is an article about the non-vascular plants known as hornworts. ... Genera Anthoceros Dendroceros Folioceros Megaceros Notothylas Phaeoceros Hornworts (or horned liverworts) are a group of non-vascular plants comprising the class Anthocerotae. ... In biology, a species is the basic unit of biodiversity. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ... Families & Genera Anthocerotaceae Anthoceros Folioceros Leiosporoceros Phaeoceros Sphaerosporoceros Dendrocerotaceae Dendroceros Megaceros Notoceros Notothyladaceae Notothylas Hornworts are a group of bryophytes, or non-vascular plants, comprising the division Anthocerotophyta. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... See also: Asian and Eurasian World map showing Asia. ... Hopetoun Falls near Otway National Park, Victoria, Australia A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water, often in the form of a stream flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation. ... A gametophyte is the haploid structure or phase of life of a sexually reproducing plant. ... Thallus is an undifferentiated vegetative tissue (without specialization of function) of some non-mobile organisms, which were previously known as the thallophytes. ... A pinnate fern frond (Blechnum appendiculatum). ... cm redirects here, alternate uses: cm (disambiguation) A centimetre (symbol cm; American spelling: centimeter) is an SI unit of length. ... Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ... Bryophytes are embryophyte plants (land plants) that are nevertheless non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. ...
The genus Folioceros was formally diagnosed by the botanist D. C. Bharadwaj (1971) and based on the type speciesF. assamicus. Some features that he cited as distinguishing the genus were: Type specimens When a new species is discovered, more important than creating a new and unique name for the species is developing a reasonably detailed description. ...
Pseudoelaters less than 7 um wide and more than 300 um long.
Spore ornamentation that is spinose or baculate, rather than reticulate.
Thallus with large cavities formed by splitting of the internal tissue.
The classification system of Hässel de Menendez (1988) places Folioceros in its own family Foliocerotaceae and order Foliocerotales. This classification is based on a cladistic morphological analysis, but has not been generally accepted or supported by additional research in the literature. For the present, Folioceros is usually placed in the Anthocerotaceae. An elater is a cell (or structure attached to a cell) that is hygroscopic, and therefore will change shape in response to changes in moisture in the environment. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
References
Asthana, A. K. & Srivastava, S. C. (1991). Indian Hornworts (A Taxonomic Study). J. Cramer: Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, Band 42. ISBN 3-443-62014-0.
Bharadwaj, D. C. (1971). On Folioceros, A New Genus of Anthocerotales. Geophytology1 (1): 6-15.
Hässel de Menendez, G. G. (1988). A proposal for a new classification of the genera within the Anthocerotophyta. J. Hattori Bot. Lab.64: 71-86.
Zhu, R. L. & So, M. L. (1996). Mosses and Liverworts of Hong Kong, volume 2. Hong Kong: Heavenly People Depot. ISBN 962-7350-80-X.
However, recent DNA studies have shown that Notothylas is the sister genus to Phaeoceros, so such distinction is inappropriate.
Five to nine genera are recognised, including Anthoceros, Megaceros, Dendroceros, Phaeoceros (sometimes treated as a subgenus or partial synonym of Aspiromitus or Anthoceros), Folioceros, Notothylas and Nothoceros.
These are widely distributed in temperate and tropical latitudes; all genera found in tropics and subtropics; most found on moist mineral soil of banks and cliffs, among grasses, and along streams, from sea level to alpine elevations.
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