The Folk Music of England has a long history. The United Kingdom, like most European countries, underwent a roots revival in the last half of the 20th century. English music has been an instrumental and leading part of this phenomenon, which peaked at the end of the 1960s and into the 1970s.^{[citation needed]} A History of Western Music Seventh Edition by J. Peter Burkholder, Donald J. Grout, and Claude V. Palisca is one of several popular books used to teach Music History in North America. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... A roots revival (folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors. ...

History

Little survives of the early music of England, by which is meant the music that was used by the people before the establishment of musical notation in the medieval period. Some surviving folk music may have had its origins in this period, although the melodies played by morris dancers and other traditional groups can also be from a later period. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the...

Some of the earliest music to remain is either church music, or else is in the form of carols or ballads dating from the 16th century or earlier. Troubadours carried an international courtly style across western Europe. It was common in times before copyright for melodies to be interchangeable, and the same melodies will often have been used (with differing words) for secular and religious purposes. Melodies like that of the Sussex Carol or Greensleeves will have had a long history of eclectic use over the centuries. Christian music is music created by or adapted for the Christian church. ... A carol is a festive song, generally religious but not necessarily connected with church worship, and often with a dance-like or popular character. ... A ballad is a story in song, usually a narrative song or poem. ... A troubadour composing lyrics, Germany c. ... Sussex Carol is a Christmas carol popular in Britain. ... My Lady Greensleeves as depicted in an 1864 painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti. ...

During the 15th century, a vigorous tradition of polyphony developed in England, as exemplified in the music of composers such as Leonel Power, John Dunstaple and Robert Fayrfax. The music of this school was famous on the continent, and occasionally rivaled the music of the contemporary Burgundian school in expressiveness and renown; indeed Dunstaple is recognized as one of the strongest influences on the early development of the music of the Burgundians. Unfortunately, however, the vast majority of English music manuscripts from this period were destroyed during the dissolution of the monasteries carried out by Henry VIII in the late 1530s; only a few isolated survivals remain, including the Old Hall Manuscript, the Eton Choirbook, the Winchester Troper, and a handful of scattered sources from the continent. Polyphony is a musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). ... Leonel Power (1370 to 1385 – June 5, 1445) was an English composer of the late Medieval and early Renaissance eras. ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Robert Fayrfax (1464-1521) was an English composer for Henry VIII. He was born in Deeping Gate, Lincolnshire, on April 23, 1464. ... Composer Guillaume Dufay (left) and Gilles Binchois (right), Martin le Franc, Champion des Dames The Burgundian School is a term used to denote a group of composers active in the 15th century in what is now eastern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, centered on the court of the Dukes of... dissolution see Dissolution. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland, from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... The Old Hall Manuscript (sometimes Old Hall MS) (British Library, Add. ... The Eton Choirbook (Eton College MS. 178) (also known as the Eton Manuscript) is a richly illuminated 15th century manuscript collection of English sacred music. ... The oldest large collection of organum style pieces, consists of two 11th century English manuscripts used at Winchester Cathedral. ...

16th to 17th centuries

With the growth in wealth and leisure-time for the noble classes, tastes in music began to diverge sharply. While in the early part of the period it is possible for tavern songs like Pastime with Good Company to be written by King Henry VIII, by the middle 16th Century there were distinct styles of music enjoyed by the differing social classes. Renaissance influences made the acquisition of musical knowledge an almost essential attribute for the nobleman and woman, and ability to play an instrument became an almost mandatory social grace. Original score for Pastime with Good Company (c. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ...

The Renaissance influence also internationalised courtly music in terms of both instruments and content, the lute, dulcimer and early forms of the harpsichord were played, ballads and madrigals were sung. The pavane and galliard were danced. Henry Purcell became court composer to King Charles II and wrote incidental music to plays and events. A medieval era lute. ... A diatonic hammered dulcimer made by Masterworks The hammered dulcimer is a stringed musical instrument with the strings stretched over a trapezoidal sounding board. ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is any of a family of European keyboard instruments, including the large instrument currently called a harpsichord, but also the smaller virginals, the muselar virginals and the spinet. ... A madrigal is a setting for two or more voices of a secular text, often in Italian. ... The pavane is a processional dance common in Europe during the 16th century, whether named from an origin in Padua (padovano), from Sanskrit meaning wind, or from the stately sweep of a ladys train likened to a peacocks tail. ... The galliard (gaillarde, in French) was a form of Renaissance dance and music popular all over Europe in the 16th century. ... Henry Purcell Henry Purcell (IPA: [1]; September 10 (?) [2], 1659–November 21, 1695), a Baroque composer, is generally considered to be one of Englands greatest composers. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ...

For other classes instruments like pipe, tabor, bagpipe shawm, hurdygurdy and crumhorn accompanied folk music and community dance. The fiddle gradually grew in popularity. Differing regional styles of folk music developed, in geographically separated areas such as Northumbria, London and the West Country. Tabor, or tabret, refers to a portable snare drum. ... A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ... The shawm was a Renaissance musical instrument of the woodwind family, made in Europe from the late 13th century until the 17th century. ... Drawing of a hurdy gurdy A hurdy gurdy (alternately, hurdy-gurdy) is a stringed musical instrument. ... Various Crumhorns The crumhorn is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... “Fiddler” redirects here. ...

English Madrigal School

Main article: English Madrigal School The brief but intense flowering of the musical madrigal in England, mostly from 1588 to 1627, along with the composers who produced them, is known as the English Madrigal School. ...

From about 1588 to 1627, a group of composers known as the English Madrigal School became well-known in England and abroad. These madrigalists composed light a cappella songs for three to six voices, based on Italian models. The School began when Nicholas Yonge published Musica transalpina in 1588, using poetic forms like the sonnet and inspired by the work of Alfonso Ferrabosco, an Italian composer in Elizabeth I's court. A cappella music is vocal music or singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. ... Nicholas Yonge (c. ... Francesco Petrarca, or Petrarch, one of the best-known early Italian sonnet writers. ... Alfonso Ferrabosco (Alfonso Ferrabosco (I); his son, Alfonso Ferrabosco (II) was also a composer) (baptized January 18, 1543 – August 12, 1588) was an Italian composer. ... Elizabeth I redirects here. ...

18th century

As courtly music grew more elaborate and internationalised, with composers such as Handel (who was actually born in Germany) and Mozart, writing operas, oratorios and symphonic works, an English musician called John Gay produced The Beggar's Opera, a revolutionary popular opera which used English folk forms. HANDEL was the code-name for the UKs National Attack Warning System in the Cold War. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... John Gay John Gay (30 June 1685 - 4 December 1732) was an English poet and dramatist. ... Painting based on The Beggars Opera, Scene V, William Hogarth, c. ...

19th century

With the Industrial Revolution came a parallel revolution in English popular music as people moved from stable agrarian communities into the growing industrial centres with the rise of the brass band in the North of England. Folk Music went through a rapid series of transformations as different regional idioms came together and reformed themselves into the first universally acceptable and commercial popular music. This change began first in the alehouses and later in what became known as the music hall. Music hall became the dominant form of English popular music for over a century from its birth in the 1850s. While folk music continued to enjoy popularity in the countryside, it was replaced for the majority by the new forms. Michael Balfe wrote opera, and Sir Arthur Sullivan wrote oratorios, orchestral works, a series of highly popular comic operas (with W. S. Gilbert), and numerous hymns and songs. At the end of the century, musical comedy and songs from musicals became popular, especially those of Lionel Monckton and Sidney Jones. A brass band a musical group consisting mostly or entirely of brass instruments, often with a percussion section. ... Music Hall is a form of British theatrical entertainment which reached its peak of popularity between 1850 and 1960. ... Michael William Balfe (May 15, 1808 - October 20, 1870), was an Irish composer, best known today for his opera The Bohemian Girl. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842–November 22, 1900) was a British composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist William S. Gilbert. ... Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 – May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... Musical theater (or theatre) is a form of theater combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. ... Lionel Monckton (December 18, 1861 - September 15, 1924) was a British writer and composer of musical theatre. ... Sidney Jones was a composer most famous for producing the scores for several musical comedies in the last Victorian period. ...

20th century

First half

A statue of Sir Edward Elgar; a famed Romantic composer who wrote several English and British orcestral patriotic anthems.

Edward Elgar was a dominant classical composer of the early part of the century. English tastes also tended towards light classical composers such as Edward German, Albert Ketelbey and Eric Coates, whose music was spread by the new medium of Radio. Operetta and musical comedy were very popular forms in this period, and leading English composers included Monckton, Jones, Ivor Novello, Noel Coward, and Noel Gay. Download high resolution version (509x1354, 1563 KB)Statue of Edward Elgar in Worcester File links The following pages link to this file: Edward Elgar Categories: Images with unknown source ... Download high resolution version (509x1354, 1563 KB)Statue of Edward Elgar in Worcester File links The following pages link to this file: Edward Elgar Categories: Images with unknown source ... Edward Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, Bt OM GCVO (June 2, 1857 – February 23, 1934) was a British composer, born in the small Worcestershire village of Broadheath to William Elgar, a piano tuner and music dealer, and his wife Ann. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English Romantic composer. ... Sir Edward German (17 February 1862 - 11 November 1936) was a musician and composer. ... Albert William Ket lbey (9 August 1875 - 26 November 1959) was a composer and musician from Aston, Birmingham, England, born to George Ketelbey [sic - no accent], an engraver, and Sarah Aston. ... Eric Coates (August 27, 1886 – December 21, 1957) was an English composer of light music and a viola player. ... Ivor Novello David Ivor Davies (January 15, 1893 – March 6, 1951), better known as Ivor Novello, was a Welsh composer, singer and actor who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the early 20th century. ... Sir Noël Peirce Coward (December 16, 1899 – March 26, 1973) was an English actor, playwright, and composer of popular music. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

Radio also played a part in the increasing popularity of big band dance music, popularised by the orchestras of Geraldo, Ambrose, Henry Hall and Billy Cotton, and singers like Al Bowlly, and Jack Buchanan. A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. ... Two people have been known by the pseudonym Geraldo: Gerald Bright, British dance-band leader Geraldo Rivera, American television journalist Category: ... For other uses, see Ambrose (disambiguation). ... Henry Hall can refer to:- Henry Hall (bandleader) (1898-1989), a British bandleader Henry Hall (Egyptologist) (1873-1930), a British Egyptologist Henry Hall (footballer), who played for St. ... William Edward Cotton (May 6, 1899 – March 25, 1969), better known as Billy Cotton, was a British band leader and entertainer, one of the few whose orchestra survived the dance band era. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Jack Buchanan (April 2, 1891 - October 20, 1957) was a British actor and singer. ...

Popular singers in the music hall idiom included, Marie Lloyd, Vesta Tilley, George Formby, Flanagan and Allen and Gracie Fields. With the advent of World War II, the taste for a more reflective and romantic style of music was led by singers like Anne Shelton and Vera Lynn. Matilda Alice Victoria Wood (February 12, 1870 - October 7, 1922), was a British music-hall singer . ... Vesta Tilly (May 13, 1864 – September 16, 1952) was an English male impersonator. ... George Formby, OBE (26 May 1904 – 6 March 1961) was an English singer and comedian who became a major star of both cinema and music hall. ... Flanagan and Allen were a British singing and comedy double act popular during World War II. Its members were Bud Flanagan (1896 - 1968) and Chesney Allen (1893 - 1982). ... Dame Gracie Fields, DBE (January 9, 1898–September 27, 1979), born Grace Stansfield, was an English/Italian singer and comedienne who became one of the greatest stars of both cinema and music hall. ... Anne Shelton (November 10, 1923 - July 31, 1994) was a popular United Kingdom vocalist who is widely remembered for providing inspirational songs for soldiers both on radio broadcasts and in person at British military bases during World War II. Born Patricia Sibley in Dulwich, London, she had a No. ... Dame Vera Lynn DBE (born 20 March 1917) is a retired British singer whose career flourished during World War II, when she was nicknamed The Forces Sweetheart. She is best known for the popular songs Well Meet Again and The White Cliffs of Dover. Lynn is one of the...

The fifties

From the premiere of Peter Grimes in 1945 until his death in 1976, Benjamin Britten was recognised as the pre-eminent English composer of classical music and especially opera. Another towering figure in the classical world was Sir Michael Tippett. Peter Grimes is an opera by Benjamin Britten, with a libretto adapted by Montagu Slater from George Crabbes poem The Borough. ... Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten, OM CH (November 22, 1913 Lowestoft, Suffolk - December 4, 1976 Aldeburgh, Suffolk) was a British composer, conductor, and pianist. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. ... Sir Michael Kemp Tippett, O.M. (2 January 1905 – 8 January 1998) was one of the foremost English composers of the 20th century. ...

A significant factor in the early growth of folk clubs was Topic Records. A.L. Lloyd wrote many of the sleeve notes for the records for the next 20 years and sang on several of their albums. Ewan MacColl toured widely in England, and recorded many of the Child Ballads. Collets records in London was the best shop to find folk records and magazines. From the mid-fifties skiffle and Rock and Roll songs began to be home-produced by English performers. Folk clubs (as distinct from American folk-music nightclubs) were primarily an urban phenomenon of 1960s and 1970s Britain. ... Topic Records began as an offshoot of the UK Communist Party in 1939. ... A. L. Bert Lloyd (1908-1982) was a British folksinger and collector of folk songs, and as such was a key figure in the folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s. ... Ewan MacColl (25 January 1915 - 22 October 1989) was a British folk singer, songwriter, socialist, actor, poet, playwright, and record producer. ... The Child Ballads are a collection of 305 ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, collected by Francis James Child. ... Doghouse Skiffle Group Skiffle is a type of folk music with a jazz and blues influence, usually using homemade or improvised instruments such as the washboard, tea chest bass, kazoo, cigar-box fiddle, musical saw, comb and paper, and so forth, as well as more conventional instruments such as acoustic... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ...

The modern period

In the 60s and 70s, England was in a state of social upheaval as a counterculture developed, from which came an explosion of American blues-derived musical innovation as well as a revival of English folk music, inspired by pioneering artists like the Copper Family. There was mixing between the two groups, with bands like Fairport Convention and Steeleye Span pioneering an electric folk fusion. Nic Jones, Davy Graham, Roy Harper, Ralph McTell, June Tabor, Shirley Collins, John Renbourn and John Kirkpatrick were among those who balanced innovation with tradition, and criticized the worst excesses of folk-rock. When Martin Carthy "plugged in" in 1971, the English traditional scene erupted in an uproar of criticism. Ashley Hutchings and Dave Pegg had been earlier innovators of the fusion, and Hutchings helped propel Fairport Convention into the star position of the English electric folk scene, starting with the album "What We Did On Our Holidays". Arguably the most successful of the electric folk genre is Steeleye Span a band fronted by Maddy Prior and which continues to perform some 36 years after forming. This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that most often follows a twelve-bar structure. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Steeleye Span are a British folk-rock band, formed in 1969 and remaining active today. ... Folk-rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ... Nic Jones (full name Nicholas Paul Jones) was born in 1947 in the English town of Orpington, Kent. ... Davey Graham (originally Davy Graham, b. ... Roy Harper (born June 12, 1941), is an English rock singer-songwriter / guitarist who specialises in folk music. ... Ralph McTell (born Ralph May in Farnborough, England, 3 December 1944) is an English singer/songwriter and acoustic guitar player who has been an influential figure on the UK folk scene since the 1960s. ... June Tabor (born 1947) is an English folk singer. ... Shirley and Dolly Collinss 1974 album Love, Death and the Lady Shirley Elizabeth Collins MBE (born 5 July 1935, Hastings, Sussex, England) was a significant contributor to the English folk revival of the 1950s and 1960s. ... John Renbourn (born August 8, 1944, Marylebone, North London, England) is a British guitarist and songwriter. ... John Kirkpatrick is an English player of free reed instruments In London John Kirkpatrick was born in 1947 in Chiswick, West London. ... Martin Carthy (born May 21, 1941) is an English folk singer and guitarist who has remained one of the most influential figures in British traditional music, inspiring later artists such as Bob Dylan and Richard Thompson since he emerged as a young musician in the early days of the folk... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Ashley Stephen Hutchings (born January 26, 1945) is a folk musician. ... Dave Pegg was born on 2 November 1947 in Birmingham, England. ... Folk-rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ... Folk-rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ... Steeleye Span are a British folk-rock band, formed in 1969 and remaining active today. ... Maddy Prior is a British folk singer. ...

The seventies were probably the heydays for Folk Music Publications. The popularity of English folk declined in the later 1970s, however, losing ground to glam rock, disco, punk rock, heavy metal and lovers rock. In the mid-1980s a new rebirth began, this time fusing folk forms with energy and political aggression derived from punk rock. Leaders included The Men They Couldn't Hang, Oyster Band, Billy Bragg and The Pogues. Folk-dance music also became popular in the 80s, with the English Country Blues Band and Tiger Moth. Later in the decade, reggae influenced English country music due to the work of Edward II & the Red Hot Polkas, especially on their seminal Let's Polkasteady from 1987. In the 21st century, Oxford produced a young duo Spiers and Boden. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... David Bowie as Glam superstar Ziggy Stardust on the cover of his 1973 Album Aladdin Sane. ... Discothèque redirects here. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Heavy metal (sometimes referred to simply as metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ... Lovers Rock is the United Kingdoms main contribution to reggae. ... The Men They Couldnt Hang (TMTCH) are a British rock band whose mixture of folk and punk is not dissimilar to that of The Pogues (in fact founder member Shanne Bradley was a member of Shane MacGowans first band The Nipple Erectors), although they have not enjoyed the... Oysterband (originally Oyster Band) is a British folk-rock band formed in Canterbury in around 1976. ... Stephen William Bragg (born December 20, 1957), known as Billy Bragg, is an English musician renowned for his blend of folk, punk-rock, and protest music, and his poetic lyrics dealing with political as well as romantic themes. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Edward II (aka Edward II and the Red Hot Polkas) is a UK band which plays a fusion of reggae and folk music, to a very danceable effect. ... John Spiers and Jon Boden are an English folk duo. ...

Regional

Morris dancing

Morris dancing is an ancient form of music and dance, performed by men and women in distinctive clothing. The practice is complex, and regulated by the Morris Federation and Morris Ring, the unofficial governing bodies of morris dancing. Cotswold morris with handkerchiefs A morris dance is a form of English folk dance usually accompanied with music. ... Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) generally refers to movement used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a spiritual or performance setting. ... Categories: ...

Broadside ballads

Broadside ballads were a form of popular music from the 16th century to the early 20th century England. They were purchased on streetcorners for a small amount and performed at home and at fairs and other gatherings. Printed lyrics of folk songs were extremely popular from the 16th century until the early 20th century. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media. ...

Sussex

Sussex's traditions are best known from mid-20th century performer Scan Tester and perhaps the biggest stars of the English revival's predecessors, the Copper Family. Shirley Collins is from Sussex and retains her local accent. Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Scan Tester (1887-1972) was an English musician from Chelwood Gate, Sussex. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Shirley and Dolly Collinss 1974 album Love, Death and the Lady Shirley Elizabeth Collins MBE (born 5 July 1935, Hastings, Sussex, England) was a significant contributor to the English folk revival of the 1950s and 1960s. ...

Yorkshire

Yorkshire's Waterson family, especially Norma Waterson, are a long-running institution that incorporates influences from the area. Look up Yorkshire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Watersons was an English folk group from Hull in Yorkshire. ... Norma Waterson is a British musician, best-known as one of the original members of The Watersons, a premier British traditional group. ...

East Anglia

Though East Anglian folk has not played a major part in the British roots revival, two major singers have emerged from the area to help inspire it: Sam Larner and Harry Cox. More modern performers include Peter Bellamy's mid-1970s revival of Norfolk's folk traditions, especially pioneer Walter Pardon. Norfolk and Suffolk, the core area of East Anglia. ... Harry Fred Cox (27 March 1885 - 6 May 1971), was a Norfolk farmworker and one of the most important singers of traditional English music of the twentieth century, on account of his large repertoire and fine singing style. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Norfolk (IPA: //) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ...

Northumbrian folk

Main article: Music of Northumbria

Northumbria, at the northern edge of England, bordering on Scotland across the Tweed River has the most vital traditional music of England, with a strong scene and some mainstream success. Many of the most popular traditional songs of today were written by legendary composers like Tommy Armstrong in the late 19th century. In contrast to a lot of England, Northumbria retains a strong Scots influence in the music. Northumberland is the northernmost county of England. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... This article is about the Tweed River in Australia. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Northumbria is known for its long history of border ballads, such as "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" and dances, including social ones like the Elsdon Reel and others, like rapper dancing and Northumbrian clog dancing, more typically seen in concert halls. The English/Scottish border has a long and bloody history of conquest and reconquest, raid and counter-raid. ... At least two English ballads known as The Ballad of Chevy Chase exist, but the nature of ballads mean that many more versions of this once popular song may not have survived. ... Rapper sword is a kind of sword dance. ... Clogging is a traditional type of percussive folk dance which is associated with a number of different regions across the world. ...

Pipes

Northumbrian folk is most characterised by the use of Northumbrian smallpipes as well as a strong Scottish influence for natural reasons of proximity. Northumbrian pipes are small and elbow-driven and the music is traditionally very swift and rhythmic. Another distinct form of Northumbrian pipe is called the "half-long" or "border" pipe. Perhaps the most important of the old masters of the pipes is Billy Pigg. Drawing on these pioneers, popularizers like Louis Killen, The High Level Ranters and Bob Davenport brought Northumbrian folk to international audiences, while Jack the Lad, Hedgehog Pie and Lindisfarne used regional sources for folk-rock fusions. A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ... Billy Pigg (1902 - 1968) was an English player of Northumbrian bagpipes Northumbrian Pipers Society The Northumbrian Pipers Society was formed in 1928 in Newcastle Upon Tyne to promote both types of Northumbrian bagpipes - the smallpipes and the somewhat rarer half-longs. ... Lindisfarne were a popular British folk/rock group of the 1970s, fronted by singer/songwriter Alan Hull. ...

Northumbrian pipe music has seen a recent revival due to the touring of artists like Kathryn Tickell, and uses in songs by artists such as Sting. Many of the Shires of England had its own unique form of bagpipe some mouth blown and others bellows blowen like the Northumbrian small pipes, Cornish bagpipes, the Lancashire Great pipe and the ancestor of the uilleann pipes the Pastoral pipes. Unfortunately, many local variants of pipe have ceased to exist, such as Lincoln pipes, and we shall never know how these looked and sounded. Kathryn Tickell (b 1967) is an English player of the Northumbrian smallpipes and fiddle. ... Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born 2 October 1951), universally known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician from Newcastle upon Tyne. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The pastoral pipe (also known as the Scottish Pastoral pipes, Hybrid Union pipes, and Union pipe) was a bellows-blown bagpipe and widely recognised as the forerunner and ancestor of the Uilleann Pipes. ...

West Country

The West Country, particularly Devon & Cornwall, has one of the most prominent musical traditions in England. The West Country style is most easily characterised by its penchant for wet-tuned accordions whereas in most parts of southern England the melodeon is the preferred instrument. The West Country has produced many famous traditional singers such as Amy Birch and Sophie Legg and musicians such as Bob Cann of Dartmoor and Charlie Bate from Cornwall. This is the music and dance which travelled to the New World and gave rise to the American Line Dances.

In the 1970s the West Country became noted for its Scrumpy and Western music, invented by bands such as the Wurzels and the Yetties. Much of it fusing comical folk-style songs with affectionate parodies of more mainstream musical genres, delivered in the local West Country dialects. The West Country is an informal term for the area of south-western England roughly corresponding to the modern South West England government region. ... Scrumpy and Western refers humorously to music from Englands West Country that fuses comical folk-style songs, often full of double entendre, with affectionate parodies of more mainstream musical genres, all delivered in the local accent/dialect. ... The Wurzels perform at the University of Bath summer ball 2007. ... The West Country dialects and West Country accents are generic terms applied to any of several English dialects and accents used by much of the indigenous population of the southwestern part of England, the area popularly known as the West Country. ...

The Cornwall Fiddle Orchestra[1] are a large group of string players playing traditional fiddle tunes from the Celtic nations - Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and Brittany. Their musical director, Hudson Swan, was an original member of Scots traditional band, The Tannahill Weavers. The Cornwall Fiddle Orchestra are a group of string players who perform traditional fiddle music of the Celtic nations - Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall, Brittany. ... Hudson Swan (born 1954) is a Scottish musician, specializing in folk music. ...

Sea shanties

Sea shanties are a form of work song traditionally sung by sailors working on the rigging of ships. There are several types, divided based on the type of work they set the rhythmic base for. For example: Sea shanties (singular shanty, also spelled chantey; derived from the French word chanter, to sing) were shipboard working songs. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

• short haul shanties: for quicks pulls over a short time
• capstan shanties: for repetitive, longer tasks that require a sustained rhythm
• halyard shanties: for heavier work that require more time between pulls to set up

See also

• English cadence
• The Wurzels.com - Traditional West Country Music. Albums, Gigs, Song lyrics, Video, Forum & more.

In conventional Western music theory, the English cadence is a musical device consisting of a distinctive form of approach to the authentic or perfect cadence. ...

References

• Irwin, Colin. "England's Changing Roots". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 64-82. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
• Mathieson, Kenny. "Wales, Isle of Man and England". 2001. In Mathieson, Kenny (Ed.), Celtic music, pp. 88-95. Backbeat Books. ISBN 0-87930-623-8