The Folland Gnat was an exceptionally small, swept-wing British subsonic jet trainer and light fighter aircraft originally developed for the Royal Air Force, and flown extensively by the Indian Air Force. It was designed by W. E. W. Petter (formerly of Westland Aircraft and English Electric) and first flew in 1955. Its design was such that it could be built without specialised tools, hence by countries that were not necessarily highly industrialised. Although never used as a fighter by the Royal Air Force (RAF), the "Gnat T.1" trainer variant was widely used, and as the mount for the RAF Red Arrows aerobatic team, the Gnat became a national icon. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Privately owned Folland Gnat Folland was the builder of the Folland Gnat lightweight fighter and trainer, designed by W. E. W Petter who had previously designed the Lysander, Canberra and Lightning. ... William Edward Willoughby Petter (1908-1968) known as Teddy was an English aircraft designer. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The Finnish Air Force (FAF) (Finnish: Ilmavoimat) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. ... The HAL Ajeet was an Indian development of the British Folland Gnat Fighter that had been built under licence in India. ... The swept wing of an Airbus A320 (British Midland A320-200) A swept-wing is a wing planform used on high-speed aircraft. ... Subsonic has two possible meanings: A speed lower than the speed of sound is called subsonic. ... ... An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... William Edward Willoughby Petter (1908-1968) known as Teddy was an English aircraft designer. ... Westland Aircraft was a British aircraft manufacturer located in Yeovil in Somerset, formed just before the start of World War II. During the war the company produced a number of generally unsuccessful designs, but their Lysander would serve as an important liaison aircraft with the RAF. After the war the... English Electric logo English Electric was a 20th-century British industrial manufacturer, initially of electric motors, and expanding to include railway locomotives and aviation, before becoming part of GEC. // 1917: Dick, Kerr & Co. ... A factory in Ilmenau (Germany) around 1860 Industrialisation (also spelled Industrialization) or an Industrial Revolution is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society (an economy where the amount of capital accumulated per capita is low) to an industrial one... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. ...

The Gnat also achieved export success, particularly with India, the largest foreign operator who manufactured the aircraft under license. India then developed the "Ajeet", a modified and improved variant. Ajeet was an Indian development of the Folland Gnat Fighter purchased from the United Kingdom. ...

Design and development

A Folland Gnat in private hands.

The Gnat was the creation of W.E.W. "Teddy" Petter, a renowned British aircraft designer, who believed a small, simple fighter would offer the advantages of low purchase and operational costs. New lightweight turbojet engines were being developed at the time enabled the concept to take shape. One of the hallmarks of the Gnat's design was its compact size. However, to achieve such small size, its systems were quite closely-packed, making maintenance more difficult. Some of its systems were not noted for their reliability and the aircraft suffered from high operating costs. There were also issues that its cockpit was cramped and obstructed the instructor's forward visibility. Further, the limited weapons load and reduced fuel capacity – both designed to reduce overall kerb weight – meant that it could not operate for protracted periods. Despite the shortcomings, the Gnat and its predecessor the Folland Midge were praised by the RAF evaluation and the test pilots. The lower cost of the Gnat, its compact dimensions, as well as "good press" for the aircraft in air shows, were among the factors that prompted a spurt in its export sales. Privately owned Folland Gnat, photographed at the Great Vintage Fly-in Weekend, Kemble, England, May 2003. ... Privately owned Folland Gnat, photographed at the Great Vintage Fly-in Weekend, Kemble, England, May 2003. ... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... Cockpit of a light aircraft, showing instrumentation dials and dual control yokes. ... Curb weight or kerb weight is the total weight (i. ... Privately owned Folland Gnat Folland was the builder of the Folland Gnat lightweight fighter and trainer, designed by W. E. W Petter who had previously designed the Lysander, Canberra and Lightning. ... The Utterly Butterly wing_walking display team flying Boeing Stearman PT_17 biplanes An airshow is an event at which aviators display their flying skills, normally to the public, but occasionally to invited guests, or employees and their families only. ...

Operational history

Royal Air Force

In Britain it served as the Folland Fo.144 Gnat Trainer (later renamed the Gnat T.Mk 1), most notably as the demonstration aircraft of the RAF's Red Arrows aerobatic team between 1964, when the team was formed, and 1979 when they were replaced by the Hawk T1.A. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. ...

The Gnat's experimental precursor was the Folland Midge, which used a less powerful engine. Privately owned Folland Gnat Folland was the builder of the Folland Gnat lightweight fighter and trainer, designed by W. E. W Petter who had previously designed the Lysander, Canberra and Lightning. ...

When the RAF replaced and sold off its Gnat T.Mk 1 trainers many were bought by private collectors and subsequently appeared (along with some single-seat Gnats) in the Charlie Sheen movie Hot Shots. Charles Irwin Sheen (born September 3, 1965) is a Golden Globe Award-winning and Emmy-nominated American actor. ... “Moving picture” redirects here. ... Hot Shots! is a 1991 comedy spoof which starred Charlie Sheen, Cary Elwes, Valeria Golino, Lloyd Bridges, Jon Cryer, Kevin Dunn and Bill Irwin. ...

One of the few remaining Gnats in the UK has recently been restored to flight status at Bournemouth Airport, in Southern England. G-NATY (formerly XR537) is the only genuine former Red Arrows Gnat on the European display circuit. The aircraft can be viewed at the De Havilland Aviation hangar at Bournemouth Airport in Dorset, southern England. Like many ex-military jet aircraft, there is one (G-FRCE) based at North Weald Airfield in Essex. ^[1] Bournemouth International Airport (IATA: BOH, ICAO: EGHH) (commonly known as Hurn Airport) is an airport about 5 miles (8km) north east of Bournemouth, England. ... Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. ...

Finland

The Finnish Air Force received its first Gnats on 30 July 1958. It was soon found to be a problematic aircraft in service and it required a lot of ground service. Finland had first considered to license manufacture the aircraft but decided not to. 13 Gnats were operated by the FAF. On 31 July 1958 major Lauri Pekuri broke the sound barrier for the first time at Luonetjärvi in Finland. The Finnish Air Force (FAF) (Finnish: Ilmavoimat) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lauri Pekuri (born November 6, 1916 in Helsinki, Finland, dead August 3, 1999 in Spain) was a WW2 fighter ace of the Finnish Air Force and a Finnish jet aircraft pioneer. ... U.S. Navy F/A-18 at transonic speed. ...

All Gnats were grounded for six months after the destruction of GN-102 due to a technical error on 26 August 1958. Soon the Gnats were the subject of severe criticism. Three other aircraft were also destroyed in other accidents. The Gnats were removed from active service in 1972 when the Häme Wing moved to Rovaniemi and when the new Saab 35 Drakens were taken into use. is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Saab 35 Draken (Draken is Swedish for The kite, but can also mean The Dragon) or Saab 35 is a Swedish fighter aircraft manufactured by Saab between 1955 and 1974. ...

India

Second Kashmir War

Serving primarily with the Indian Air Force, the Gnat is credited by many independent and Indian sources to have shot down seven Pakistani Canadair Sabres (licence built F-86s) in the 1965 war.^{[2][3][4] [5]} The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) claims only three Gnat victories over F-86s in air to air combat^[6] while two Gnats were downed by PAF fighters. During the initial phase of the 1965 War, an IAF Gnat, piloted by Squadron Leader Brij Pal Singh Sikand, landed at an abandoned Pakistani airstrip at Pasrur and was captured by the PAF who first claimed that two Pakistani F-104 Starfighters forced the Gnat down ^[7]; the Indians claimed the pilot landed by mistake ^{[8] [9]}. This Gnat is displayed as a war trophy in the Pakistan Air Force Museum, Karachi. After the ceasefire, one Pakistani Cessna O-1 was shot down on 16 December 1965 by a Gnat.^[10] The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The Canadair Sabre was a fighter jet built by Canadair Ltd. ... The North American F-86 Sabre (sometimes called the Sabrejet) was a transonic combat aircraft developed for the US Air Force. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) (Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Fazaya) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. ... This article is about the aerial combat maneuver. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... A Squadron Leaders sleeve/shoulder insignia Squadron Leader (Sqn Ldr in the RAF, SQNLDR in the RNZAF and RAAF and S/L in the former RCAF) is a commissioned rank in some air forces. ... An airstrip is a kind of airport that consists only of a runway with perhaps fueling equipment. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter is a single-engine, high-performance, supersonic interceptor aircraft that served with the United States Air Force (USAF) from 1958 until 1967 and continued in service with the Air National Guard until it was phased out in 1975. ... Indian Gnat at PAF Museum, Karachi, Pakistan PAF Museum, Karachi is an Air Force museum situated between PAF Base Faisal and Awami Markaz on main Shahra-e-Faisal at Karachi. ... The Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, a military version of the Cessna 170, was used by the United States Air Force, Army and Marines. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ...

Bangladesh Liberation War

Gun camera stills released by the Indian Air Force show F/L M.A. Ganapathy's Gnat scoring hits on F/O Khalil Ahmed's Canadair Sabre during the Battle of Boyra, 1971 Indo-Pak war

The Gnats were effectively used again by India in the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan.^[11][12] The most notable action was the Battle of Boyra where the first dog fights over East Pakistan took place. The IAF Gnats downed two PAF Canadair Sabres in minutes and badly damaged one. The Pakistan Air Force claims that one Gnat was shot down. Brij Pal Singh Sikand, the Gnat squadron commander had been a POW in the 1965 war. Another notable dogfight involving a Gnat was over Srinagar airfield where a lone Indian pilot flying a Gnat held out against six Sabres,^[13] scoring hits on two of the Sabres in the process,^[14][15] before being overwhelmed. Gnat pilot, Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, was posthumously honoured with Param Vir Chakra (India's highest gallantry award) becoming the only IAF personnel to be given the award. Image File history File links Guncam. ... Image File history File links Guncam. ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The Canadair Sabre was a fighter jet built by Canadair Ltd. ... A HAL Ajeet fighter . ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... A HAL Ajeet fighter . ... A dogfight or dog fight is a common term used to describe close-range aerial combat between military aircraft. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) (Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Fazaya) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. ... The Canadair Sabre was a fighter jet built by Canadair Ltd. ... For Srinagar in Uttarakhand, see Srinagar, Uttarakhand. ... For other uses, see Airport (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ... Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, PVC Stamp Issued by India Post in 2000 on Nirmal Jeet Singh Sekhon Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon was an officer of the Indian Air Force and the posthumous recipient of the only Param Vir Chakra awarded to an Indian Air Force Personnel. ... A posthumous recognition is a ceremonial award given after the recipient has passed away. ... The Param Vir Chakra is an Indian military decoration given for valour in combat operations. ...

"Sabre Slayer"

By the end of 1971, the Gnat proved to be a frustrating opponent for the technically superior Sabres and had lived up to its Indian Air Force nickname of "Sabre Slayers" since all its combat "kills" during the two wars were against Sabres. ^[16][17] The Canadair Sabre Mk 6 was widely regarded as the best "dog-fighter" of its era^[18][19][20]. Tactics called for Gnats taking on the Sabres in the vertical where they were at a diadvantage. Moreover, because the Gnat was lightweight and compact in shape, it was hard to see, especially at low levels where most of the dogfights took place.^[5] Apart from air defence operations, the aircraft performed multiple roles in the Bangladesh Liberation War being utilized in Anti-Shipping Operations, Ground attack, Bomber/Transport escort and Close Air Support with "devastating effects" on the PAF.^[11].^[12] The success of the indigenously produced Gnats against the more sophisticated Pakistani-flown planes was viewed as a significant achievement.^[21] The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The Canadair Sabre was a fighter jet built by Canadair Ltd. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging military aircraft in combat from the ground. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... Close air support (often abbreviated CAS) is the use of military aircraft in a ground attack role against targets in close proximity to friendly troops, in support of ground combat operations. ... An Apache attack helicopter provides close air support to United States Army soldiers patrolling the Tigris River southeast of Baghdad, Iraq during the Iraq War. ...

The IAF were impressed by the Gnat's performance in the two wars, but the aircraft had problems including hydraulics and unreliable control systems. To address these issues, the IAF issued a requirement for an improved "Gnat II" in 1972, at first specifying that the new version was to be optimized as an interceptor, but then expanding the specification to include the ground-attack role. The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited-built licensed version, the Ajeet ("Unconquerable") was produced in Bangalore with over 175 along with about 40 purchased directly from Folland. The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... Table of Hydraulics and Hydrostatics, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is a major aerospace company under the Ministry of Defence headquartered in Bangalore, India. ... Ajeet was an Indian development of the Folland Gnat Fighter purchased from the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ...

Gnats served in India from 1958-1978, and several remain in use in private hands. Some IAF Gnats, one of which had participated in the 1971 war in East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh) were presented to the Bangladesh Air Force.^[22] East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... The Bangladesh Air Force (বাংলাদেশ বিমান বাহিনী Bangladesh Biman Bahini in Bangla), is the tactical and strategic air branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. ...

Operators

 Finland

• Finnish Air Force
  • Häme Wing
    • HavLLv 11
    • HavLLv 21

 India

• Indian Air Force
  • No.2 Squadron
  • No.9 Squadron
  • No.15 Squadron
  • No.18 Squadron
  • No.21 Squadron
  • No.22 Squadron
  • No.23 Squadron
  • No.24 Squadron

 United Kingdom

• Royal Air Force
  • 4 Flying Training School, RAF Valley
  • Central Flying School
  • Red Arrows aerobatic team
  • Yellowjacks aerobatic team

 Yugoslavia

• SFR Yugoslav Air Force received only two aircraft, they were used for evaluation and tests.

Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... The Finnish Air Force (FAF) (Finnish: Ilmavoimat) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The crest of the IAF. No. ... The crest of the IAF. No. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... RAF Valley is a Royal Air Force station on the island of Anglesey, Wales. ... Red Arrows Hawk at speed during a display The Red Arrows, officially known as the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, is the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force, based at RAF Scampton, United Kingdom. ... Yellowjacks was an RAF aerobatic display team that flew Folland Gnat trainers finished overall in yellow. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia. ... Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throuout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... The Soko G-2 Galeb, first Yugoslav-maiden jet fighter. ...

Variants

On the left is the single seater fighter version of the Gnat. The Gnat trainer on the right was a two seater aircraft with other modifications.

• Fo.141 Gnat : Single seat lightweight fighter aircraft.
  • Gnat F.Mk 1 : Single-seat lightweight fighter version for Finland and India. This was also built in India under license as the HAL Gnat.
  • HAL Ajeet : Single-seat Mark. 2 development of the Gnat F.Mk 1
  • HAL Ajeet Trainer : Two-seat tandem trainer version for the Indian Air Force. This version was derived from the HAL Ajeet and differed considerably from the Gnat T.Mk 1 used by the RAF
• Fo. 144 Gnat trainer : Two-seat advanced trainer aircraft.
  • Gnat T.Mk 1 : Two-seat advanced trainer version for the RAF.

Image File history File links Avgnat_4. ... Image File history File links Avgnat_4. ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... RAF is an three letter acronym for: Royal Air Force -- the Air Force of the United Kingdom (see also Air Ministry) Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion) -- a German terror organisation Rigas Autobusu Fabrika -- a factory making buses in Riga, Latvia Rapid Action Force in India Računarski Fakultet RAF...

Specifications (Folland Gnat)

Data from The great book of fighters^[23]

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 28 ft 8 in (8.74 m)
• Wingspan: 22 ft 1 in (6.73 m)
• Height: 8 ft 1 in (2.46 m)
• Wing area: 136.6 ft² (12.69 m²)
• Empty weight: 4,800 lb (2,175 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 9,040 lb (4,100 kg)
• Powerplant: 1× Bristol-Siddeley Orpheus 701-01 turbojet, 4,705 lbf (20.9 kN)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 695 mph at 20,000 ft (1,120 km/h at 6,100 m)
• Range: 500 mi (805 km)
• Service ceiling: 48,000 ft (14,630 m)
• Rate of climb: 20,000 ft/min (101.6 m/s)

Armament

• 2x 30mm ADEN cannons
• 2x 500 lb (227 kg) bombs or 18x 3 in (76 mm) rockets

The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ... The Bristol-Siddeley Orpheus was a single spool turbojet developed by Bristol Aero Engines for various light fighter/trainer applications such as the Folland Gnat and the Fiat G91Y. Later, the Orpheus formed the core of the first Bristol Pegasus vectored thrust turbofan as used for the Hawker Siddeley Harrier... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... VNO of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of normal operation. ... The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft, or cross-country speed and environmental conditions in unpowered aircraft. ... In aeronautics, the service ceiling is the maximum density altitude where the best rate of climb airspeed will produce a 100 feet per minute climb(twin engine) and 50 feet(single engine) at maximum weight while in a clean configuration with maximum continuous power. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN is a 30mm cannon used on many military aircraft, particularly those of the British RAF and FAA. Development The ADEN (named for the Armament Development Establishment, where it was designed, and Enfield, where it is produced) was developed in the late 1940s as a...

Notes and references

• Bingham, Victor. Folland Gnat – Red Arrow and Sabre Slayer. Hailsham, East Sussex, UK: J&KH Publishing, 2002 ISBN 1-900511-78-9.
• Ross, Andrew L. The Political Economy of Defense: Issues and Perspectives. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1991. ISBN 0-31326-462-7.
• Spick,Mike. Illustrated Directory of Fighters. Osceola, Wisconsin: Zenith Press, 2002. ISBN 0-76031-343-1.

The initial version of this article was based on a public domain article from Greg Goebel's Vectorsite. An Avro Lancaster in the main hangar of the RAF Museum London The Royal Air Force Museum (RAF Museum) is a museum dedicated to the history of aviation, and the British Royal Air Force in particular. ... 30th Anniversary issue of India Today India Today is an Indian weekly newsmagazine, in publication since 1975. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) was the air force of Canada from 1924 until 1968 when the three branches of the Canadian military were merged into the Canadian Forces. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External links

• De Havilland Aviation Ltd - operates the only airworthy genuine former Red Arrows Gnat in Europe, XR537 (G-NATY)
• Thunder and lightnings
• The Wolfpack in action

Related content

Designation sequence

Folland 43/37 - Folland Midge - Gnat The Folland Fo. ...

Related lists

• List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force

See also

• Folland
• Red Arrows