NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common of the indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It is defined as a lymphoma of follicle center B-cells (centrocytes and centroblasts), which has at least a partially follicular pattern. It is positive for CD10.^[1] The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // C00-D48 - Neoplasms (C00-C14) Malignant neoplasms, lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00) Malignant neoplasm of lip (C01) Malignant neoplasm of base of tongue (C02) Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue (C03) Malignant neoplasm of gum (C04) Malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth (C05) Malignant neoplasm of... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Indolence evolved from the Latin in-dolens, without griefs, implying not worried about problems. ... Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is a type of cancer. ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... In botany, a follicle is a type of simple dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants. ... B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response). ... Neprilysin, also known as neutral endopeptidase and abbreviated NEP, is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease enzyme that degrades a number of small secreted peptides, most notably the amyloid beta peptide whose abnormal misfolding and aggregation in neural tissue has been implicated as a cause of Alzheimers disease. ...

Morphology

The tumor is composed of follicle center cells, usually a mixture of centrocytes (cleaved follicle center cells, "small cells") and centroblasts (large noncleaved follicle center cells, "large cells"). Centrocytes typically predominate; centroblasts are usually in the minority, but by definition are always present. Rare lymphomas with a follicular growth pattern consist almost entirely of centroblasts. Occasional cases may show plasmacytoid differentiation or foci of marginal zone or monocytoid B-cells. Tumor or tumour literally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... Surgeon Captain T L (Peter) Cleave was the first person to recognise how many health problems of modern man arise from consuming refined carbohydrates (notably sugar and white flour) that would not have been available during early human evolution. ... Large cell is a term used in oncology. ... Large cell is a term used in oncology. ... The definition of a minority group can vary, depending on specific context, but generally refers to either a sociological sub-group that does not form either a majority or a plurality of the total population, or a group that, while not necessarily a numerical minority, is disadvantaged or otherwise has... The word focus (pl. ... The marginal zone is a portion of the spleen. ... Monocyte A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human bodys immune system that protect against blood-borne pathogens and move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues. ...

Causes

A translocation between chromosome 14 and 18 results in the overexpression of the bcl2 gene. This overexpression causes a blockage of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This translocation has been associated with the development of Follicular lymphoma. Chromosomal translocation of the 4th and 20th chromosome. ... Figure 1: A representation of a condensed eukaryotic chromosome, as seen during cell division. ... For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to Genetics. ... A section of mouse liver showing an apoptotic cell indicated by an arrow // Apoptosis is a process of deliberate life relinquishment by a cell in a multicellular organism. ...

Treatment

There is no consensus regarding the best treatment algorithm, but watch-and-wait policies, alkylators, anthracycline-containing regimens (eg. CHOP), rituximab, autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplanation have all been applied. The disease is regarded as incurable (although allogeneic stem cell transplanation may be curative, the mortality from the procedure is too high to be a first line option). The exception is localised disease, which can be cured by local irradiation. The typical pattern is one of good responses from treatment, followed by relapses some years later. Median survival is around 10 years, but the range is wide, from less than one year, to more than 20 years. Some patients may never need treatment. In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ... Look up chop in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Rituximab, sold under the trade names RituxanÂ® and MabTheraÂ®, is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma, B cell leukemia, and some autoimmune disorders. ... In biology, autologous refers to cells, tissues or even proteins that are reimplanted in the same individual as they come from. ... An allograft or allogeneic transplant refers to when transplanted cells, tissues or organs are sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species. ... Mouse embryonic stem cells with fluorescent marker. ... Irradiation is the process by which an item is exposed to radiation. ... In probability theory and statistics, a median is a number dividing the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution from the lower half. ...

References

The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, an umbrella designation used to refer to one of eight New Jersey state institutions of higher education in medicine. ...

External links

Categories: Hematology | Types of cancer | Disease stubs Although hematological malignancies are a form of cancer, they are generally treated by specialists in hematology, although in many hospitals oncology specialists also manage these diseases. ... The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. ... Although hematological malignancies are a form of cancer, they are generally treated by specialists in hematology, although in many hospitals oncology specialists also manage these diseases. ... Leukemia or leukaemia (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... Hodgkins lymphoma, also known as Hodgkins disease, is a type of lymphoma first described by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. ... Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer arising from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells. ... B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma affecting B cells. ... Small cell lymphoma (or small lymphocytic lymphoma) is a type of follicular B-cell lymphoma. ... Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a malignancy of B cells that is caused by Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). ... Burkitts lymphoma (or Burkitts tumor, or Malignant lymphoma, Burkitts type) is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). ... Splenic marginal zone lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma recognized by the World Health Organization. ... MALT lymphoma is a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, usually of the stomach. ... T-cell lymphoma (in contrast to B-cell lymphoma) can refer to: Adult T-cell leukemia Cutaneous T Cell lymphoma Category: ... Cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a class of non-Hodgkins lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system. ... Mycosis Fungoides, also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides, is a rare form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. ... SÃ©zarys disease (or SÃ©zary syndrome) is a type of cutaneous lymphoma characterized by Albert SÃ©zary. ... Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) is a mature T-cell lymphoma with systemic characterized by a polymorphous lymph node infiltrate showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement. ... Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non_Hodgkin lymphoma that features in the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of lymphomas. ... // Hepatosplenic Î³Î´ T-cell lymphoma[1] 9716/3[1] Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is a systemic neoplasm comprised of medium-sized cytotoxic T-cells that show a significant sinusoidal infiltration in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. ... Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. ... Plasmacytoma refers to a malignant monoclonal plasma cell tumor growing either in bone or soft tissue. ... Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahlers disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. ... Mast cells A mast cell (or mastocyte) is a resident cell of areolar connective tissue (loose connective tissue) that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... A mast cell tumor is a type of tumor consisting of mast cells that is found in many species of animals. ... Mast-cell sarcoma is an aggressive[1] form of sarcoma of the mast cells. ... WaldenstrÃ¶m macroglobulinemia (WM) is cancer involving a subtype of white blood cells called lymphocytes. ... Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a neoplastic disease. ... Lymphoid leukemia is a type of leukemia affecting lymphoid tissue. ... Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia, is a form of leukemia, characterised by the overproduction and continuous multiplication of malignant and immature white blood cells (also known as lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow. ... Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (or chronic lymphoid leukemia), known for short as CLL, is a type of leukemia in which too many lymphocytes are produced. ... T-Cell Leukemia, or T-Cell ALL, Acute lymphocytic leukemiais a cancer of the lymphocyte-forming cells called lymphoblasts. ... Human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is believed to be the cause of several diseases, including adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a rare cancer of the immune systems own T-cells. ... T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. ... T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a cancer of the lymphocyte-forming cells called lymphoblasts. ... B-cell leukemia describes several different types of lymphoid leukemia which affect B cells. ... Myeloid leukaemia can refer to: Acute myelogenous leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia Category: Disambiguation ... Erythroleukemia (or acute Di Guglielmo syndrome) is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia where the myeloproliferation is of erythrocyte precursors. ... Myeloid leukaemia can refer to: Acute myelogenous leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia Category: Disambiguation ... Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of white blood cells, characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells which accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. ... Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a form of chronic leukemia characterized by increased and unregulated clonal production of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow. ... Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), also known as acute myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of white blood cells. ... Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation is a specific genetic, chromosomal abnormality that is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and involves an exchange of material between chromosomes 9 and 22. ... Monocytic leukemia is a type of leukemia characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the marrow. ... Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) is considered a type of acute myeloid leukemia. ... A chloroma, or granulocytic sarcoma, or most appropriately, extramedullary myeloid tumor, is a solid tumor composed of immature malignant white blood cells called myeloblasts. ... Hairy cell leukemia is a B cell neoplasm. ... // Aggressive NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma, large granular lymphocyte leukemia, NK-cell type[1] 9948/3[1] Aggressive NK-cell leukemia is a disease with an aggressive, systemic proliferation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and a rapidly declining clinical course. ... The myeloproliferative diseases are a group of diseases of the bone marrow where excess cells are produced. ... Polycythemia is a condition in which there is a net increase in the total circulating erythrocyte (red blood cell) mass of the body. ... Essential thrombocytosis (ET, essential thrombocythemia) is a rare chronic blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets by megakaryocytes (the precursor cell for platelets) in the absence of an alternative cause. ... Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, also known as agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, and primary myelofibrosis,[1] was first described in 1879 and is currently classified as a myeloproliferative disease caused by the growth and proliferation of an abnormal bone marrow stem cell, resulting in the replacement of the bone... Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder that features a persistent neutrophilia in peripheral blood, myeloid hyperplasia in bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, and the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome or a BCR/ABL fusion gene. ... The hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease process characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count (â‰¥ 1500 eosinophils/mmÂ³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause after a careful workup, with evidence of involvement of either the heart, nervous system, or bone marrow. ... Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is the name given to a group of B cell lymphomas occurring in immunosuppressed patients following organ transplant. ...

Contents

Morphology GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Causes

Treatment

References

External links

Morphology