East gate, Folsom State Prison, California

Folsom State Prison (FSP), also known as Folsom State Prison, Represa is one of 33 prison facilities operated by the California Department of Corrections (CDC). FSP is located near the City of Folsom in Sacramento County, 20 miles (32 km) from the state capital of Sacramento, California.

As of the United States 2000 Census, the two prisons located in Represa (FSP and California State Prison - Sacramento) had a combined inmate population of 7,246 housed at level 1 and 2 security, the two lowest levels of security for prison facilities operated by the CDC. Level 1 prisoners are housed in open dormitories without a secure perimeter, and Level 2 prisoners may be housed in open dormitories with secure perimeter fences and armed guard coverage. However, there are no dormitories within the FSP secure perimeter, and prisoners are housed in two person cells. In 2004 the majority of level 2 prisoners were moved to other prisons and level 3 prisoners took their place. FSP's population in early 2005 is approximately 3,400.

There are five housing units within the secure perimeter, including the original two-tiered structure. Unit 1 is the most populous cellblock in the United States, with a capacity of nearly 1,200 inmates on four five-tiered sections.

All cells include toilet, sink, bunks, and storage space for inmate possessions. There are two dining halls, a large central prison exercise yard, and two smaller exercise yards. The visiting room includes an attached patio as well as space for non-contact visits.

FSP is California's second oldest prison facility, long known for its harsh conditions in the decades following the California Gold Rush. Prison construction began in 1878 on the site of the Stony Bar mining camp along the American River. The prison officially opened in 1880. Inmates spent most of their time in the dark behind solid boiler plate doors in stone cells measuring 4 feet by 8 feet (1.2 by 2.4 m) with 6 inch (150 mm) eye slots. Air holes were drilled into the cell doors in the 1940s, and the cell doors are still in use today.

FSP was the first prison in the world to have electic power, which was provided by the first hydroelectric powerhouse in California. The quarry at FSP provided granite for the foundation of the state capitol and much of the gravel used in the early construction of California's roads.

Although Folsom now houses primarily medium security prisoners, Folsom was one of America's first maximum security prisons, and a total of 93 prisoners were hanged at Folsom between December 13, 1895 and December 3, 1937. After that time, executions were carried out in California were performed in the gas chamber at California's San Quentin Prison.

Folsom Prison was made famous by country music singer Johnny Cash, who narrated a fictional account of an outlaw's incarceration in his song "Folsom Prison Blues" (1956), and performed a live concert at Folsom Prison in 1968, opening the show with the eponymous track. Contrary to popular belief, Cash was never incarcerated in this or any state or federal prison, although he did spend an occasional night in jail.

FSP has been the location of a number of feature films, including Riot in Cell Block 11, American Me, and Behind the Walls of Folsom Prison.

Warden Clarence Larkin was stabbed during an escape attempt in 1937 and died from his wounds, becoming the only California warden to have been killed in the line of duty. Violence at the prison peaked during the 1970's and 1980's when the Aryan Brotherhood and other prison gangs made prisons increasingly dangerous. The establishment of Secure Housing Units, first at California State Prison - Sacramento and later at Pelican Bay State Prison and California State Prison - Corcoran, did much to control gang-related violence.

California's vehicle licence plates have been manufactured at FSP since the 1930's. Other prison industries include metal fabrication and a print shop.

A museum is located on the prison grounds which is open to the public. There is also a shop with inmate-made handicrafts for sale to the public.