Food Portal

Food is any substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal for nutrition and/or pleasure.^[1] Image File history File links Portal. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... // For eat or EAT as an abbreviation or acronym, see EAT. In general terms, eating (formally, ingestion) is the process of consuming nutrition, i. ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids. ...

Most traditions have a recognizable cuisine, a specific set of cooking traditions, preferences, and practices, the study of which is known as food science (gastronomy).^[2] The study of food is called food science. In English, the substance food is often used metaphorically or figuratively, as in food for thought. A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... Cuisine (from French cuisine, cooking; culinary art; kitchen; ultimately from Latin coquere, to cook) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a specific culture. ... Cooking is the act of preparing food for ingestion. ... Gastronomy is the study of relationship between culture and food. ... Food science is a discipline concerned with all technical aspects of food, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering, and ending with its cooking and consumption. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Look up metaphor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Personification of thought (Greek Εννοια) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey Thought or thinking is a mental process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goals, plans, ends and desires. ...

A salad of vegetables and cheese with bread at the side.

Couscous.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 221 KB) Salad Platter File links The following pages link to this file: Food Salad Wikipedia:Featured pictures visible User talk:Fir0002 Wikipedia:Featured pictures thumbs 06 Wikipedia:Featured pictures candidates/May-2006 Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/salad Category: ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 221 KB) Salad Platter File links The following pages link to this file: Food Salad Wikipedia:Featured pictures visible User talk:Fir0002 Wikipedia:Featured pictures thumbs 06 Wikipedia:Featured pictures candidates/May-2006 Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/salad Category: ... Salad Platter Salad is a term applied broadly to many food preparations that are a mixture of chopped or sliced ingredients. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2772x1914, 1168 KB) Beschreibung Couscous with vegetables and chickpeas Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Couscous Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2772x1914, 1168 KB) Beschreibung Couscous with vegetables and chickpeas Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Couscous Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Couscous with vegetables and chickpeas Couscous (IPA - Berber Seksu - Arabic: ‎ [1]) is a food of the Maghreb of Berber origin. ...

Food sources

Almost all foods are of plant or animal origin, although there are some exceptions. Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... Animalia redirects here. ...

Foods from plants

Food from plant sources

Many plants or plant parts are eaten as food. There are around two thousand plant species which are cultivated for food, and many have several distinct cultivars.^[3] Plant-based foods can be classified as with the nutrients necessary for the plant's initial growth. Because of this, seeds are often packed with energy, and are good sources of food for animals, including humans. In fact, the majority of all foods consumed by human beings are seeds. These include cereals (such as maize, wheat, and rice), legumes (such as beans, peas, and lentils), and nuts. Oilseeds are often pressed to produce rich oils, including sunflower, rape (including canola oil), and sesame.^[4] Download high resolution version (640x896, 136 KB)Foods from http://www. ... Download high resolution version (640x896, 136 KB)Foods from http://www. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... This article is about cereals in general. ... “Corn” redirects here. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Brown basmati rice Terrace of paddy fields in Yunnan Province, southern China. ... Varieties of soybean seeds, a popular legume Pea pods A legume is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or a fruit of these plants. ... Green beans Bean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae) used for food or feed. ... Binomial name Pisum sativum L. A pea is the small, edible round green bean which grows in a pod on the leguminous vine Pisum sativum, or in some cases to the immature pods. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus The lentil or masoor (Lens culinaris) is a brushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. ... Hazelnuts from the Common Hazel Chestnut A nut can be either a seed or a fruit. ... Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources. ... Binomial name Helianthus annuus L. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant native to the Americas in the family Asteraceae, with a large flowering head (inflorescence). ... For the figure in Celtic mythology see agriculture, canola are certain varieties of plants from which we get rapeseed oil, or the oil produced from those varieties. ... Binomial name Sesamum indicum L. Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. ...

Fruits are the ripened extensions of plants, including the seeds within. Fruits are made attractive to animals so that animals will eat the fruits and excrete the seeds over long distances. Fruits, therefore, make up a significant part of the diets of most cultures. Some fruits, such as pumpkin and eggplant, are eaten as vegetables.^[5] (For more information, see list of fruits.) Popular Japanese fashion magazine throughout the 1990s; the photography of which has recently been reissued in two collections from Phaidon press. ... Here are lists of fruits considered edible in some cuisine. ...

Vegetables are other plant matter which is eaten as food. These include root vegetables (such as potatoes and carrots), leaf vegetables (such as spinach and lettuce), stem vegetables (such as bamboo shoots and asparagus), and inflorescence vegetables (such as globe artichokes and broccoli). Many herbs and spices are highly-flavorful vegetables.^[6] A plate of vegetables Vegetable is a culinary term which generally refers to an edible part of a plant. ... Root vegetables are underground plant parts used as vegetables. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, commonly grown for its starchy tuber. ... Binomial name Daucus carota L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Fresh Swiss chard Fresh water spinach Creamed spinach Steamed kale Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. ... Binomial name Spinacia oleracea L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Lactuca sativa L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Diversity Around 91 genera and 1,000 species Subtribes Arthrostylidiinae Arundinariinae Bambusinae Chusqueinae Guaduinae Melocanninae Nastinae Racemobambodinae Shibataeinae See the full Taxonomy of the Bambuseae. ... Binomial name Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus officinalis is a plant species in the family Asparagaceae from which the popular vegetable known as asparagus is obtained. ... Binomial name Cynara scolymus L. The Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a perennial, thistle-like plant, originating in southern Europe around the Mediterranean. ... Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family, Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). ... Herbs: basil Herbs (IPA: hə()b, or əb; see pronunciation differences) are plants grown for any purpose other than food, wood or beauty. ... “Spiciness” redirects here. ...

Foods from animals

Various raw meats

Meat is eaten, either from muscle systems or from organs. Often other animal products are eaten as well. Mammals produce milk, which in many cultures is drunk or processed into dairy products such as cheese or butter.^[7] Birds and other animals lay eggs, which are often eaten.^[8] Many cultures eat honey, produced by bees, and some cultures eat animal blood. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Mortal Kombat character, see Meat (Mortal Kombat). ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... In biology, an organ (Latin: organum, instrument, tool) is a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions. ... Subclasses Subclass Allotheria* Order Docodonta (extinct) Order Multituberculata (extinct) Order Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Order Triconodonta (extinct) Order Volaticotheria (extinct) Subclass Prototheria Order Monotremata Subclass Theria Infraclass Trituberculata (extinct) Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in females for the nourishment... A glass of cows milk. ... Dairy products are generally defined as foodstuffs produced from milk. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... Butter is commonly sold in sticks (pictured) or blocks, and frequently served with the use of a butter knife. ... An egg is an ovum produced by a female animal for reproduction, often prepared as food. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bees are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ...

Other foods

Some foods do not come from animal or plant sources. These include various edible fungi, including mushrooms. Fungi and ambient bacteria are used in the preparation of fermented and pickled foods such as leavened bread, wine, beer, cheese, pickles, and yogurt.^[9] Many cultures eat seaweed, which is a protist, or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) such as Spirulina.^[10] Additionally, salt is often eaten as a flavoring or preservative, and baking soda is used in food preparation. Both of these are inorganic substances, as is water, an important part of human diet. Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Beer fermenting at a brewery. ... Cucumbers gathered for pickling. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... Beer is the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage, selling more than 133 billion liters (35 billion gallons) per year - producing total global revenues of $331. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... Pickles may refer to the Pickled vegetables or: Eric Pickles (born 1952), British conservative politician James Pickles (born 1925), controversial British judge Wilfred Pickles (1904-1978), English actor and radio presenter Pickles (comic strip), created by Brian Crane Pickles (dog), The name of the dog that found the World Cup... Yoghurt Yoghurt or yogurt, less commonly yoghourt or yogourt, is a dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. ... Ascophyllum nodosum exposed to the sun in Nova Scotia, Canada Dead Mans Fingers (Codium fragile) off Massachusetts coast For the band, see; Seaweed (band) For the rock musician, see; Seaweed (musician) Seaweeds are any of a large number of marine benthic algae. ... Typical phyla Chromista Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta (cryptomonads) Alveolata Dinoflagellata Apicomplexa Ciliophora (ciliates) Excavata Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonada Rhizaria Radiolaria Foraminifera Cercozoa Archaeplastida (in part) Rhodophyta (red algae) Glaucophyta (basal archaeplastids) Amoebozoa Choanozoa Many others; classification varies Protists (IPA: ) are a diverse group of organisms, comprising those eukaryotes that are not animals... Cyanobacteria (Greek: cyanos = blue) are a phylum of aquatic bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. ... Species Spirulina is the common name for human and animal food supplements produced primarily from two species of cyanobacteria: Arthrospira platensis, and These and other Arthrospira species were once classified in the genus Spirulina. ... Edible salt is mostly sodium chloride (NaCl). ... Sodium bicarbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. ... Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

Legal definition

English-speaking countries usually define four categories of substances as food ^{[11] [12] [13]}: The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

• any substance, intended to be, or reasonably expected to be, ingested by humans;
• water and other drinks;

• substances used as ingredients in the preparation of food.

Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

Food production

Main article: Agriculture

Food is traditionally obtained through farming, ranching, and fishing, with hunting, foraging and other methods of subsistence locally important. More recently, there has been a growing trend towards more Sustainable agricultural practices. This approach - which is partly fuelled by consumer demand - encourages biodiversity, local self-reliance and Organic farming methods.^[14] Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ... Ranching is the raising of cattle or sheep on rangeland, although one might also speak of ranching with regard to less common livestock such as elk, bison or emu. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering animals not classifiable as insects which breathe in water or pass their lives in water. ... Hunter and Huntress redirect here. ... Foraging just means looking for food (or, metaphorically, anything else). ... Subsistence means living in a permanently fragile equilibrium between alimentary needs and the means for satisfying them. ... Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. ... Consumers refers to individuals or households that purchase and use goods and services generated within the economy. ... The supply and demand model describes how prices vary as a result of a balance between product availability at each price (supply) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand). ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ... Organic cultivation of mixed vegetables in Capay, California. ...

Major influences on food production are international policy, (e.g. the World Trade Organization and Common Agricultural Policy), national government policy (or law), and war.^[15] This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a system of European Union agricultural subsidies and programmes. ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... Look up war in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Food for livestock is fodder and traditionally comprises hay or grain.^[16] Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Fodder growing from barley In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed livestock, such as cattle, sheep, chickens and pigs. ... Stacked hay in Romania A bale of grass hay weighing approximately 70 pounds, able to be managed by one person without need for mechanized equipment Close view of grass hay. ... This article is about cereals in general. ...

Food preparation

Food being prepared in large quantities

While some food can be eaten without preparation, many foods undergo some form of preparation for reasons of safety, palatability, or flavor. At the simplest level this may involve washing, cutting, trimming or adding other foods or ingredients, such as spices. It may also involve mixing, heating or cooling, pressure cooking, fermentation, or combination with other food.^[17] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 282 KB) Mass food production File links The following pages link to this file: Food ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 282 KB) Mass food production File links The following pages link to this file: Food ... Flavor or flavour (see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of a food or other substance, and is determined mainly by the chemical senses of taste and smell. ... Washing is one way of cleaning, namely with water and often some kind of soap or detergent. ... Cutting is the separation of a physical object, or a portion of a physical object, into two portions, through the application of an acutely directed force. ... “Spiciness” redirects here. ... a pressure cooker Pressure cooker redirects here. ... Beer fermenting at a brewery. ...

In a home, most food preparation takes place in a kitchen. Some preparation is done to enhance the taste or aesthetic appeal; other preparation may help to preserve the food; and others may be involved in cultural identity. A meal is made up of food which is prepared to be eaten at a specific time and place.^[2][18] A kitchen is a room used for food preparation and sometimes entertainment. ... Various preserved foods Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage to prevent foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional value, density, texture and flavor. ... For the coarsely ground flour, see flour. ...

The preparation of animal-based food will usually involve slaughter, evisceration, hanging, portioning and rendering. In developed countries, this is usually done outside the home.^[19][20] Look up Slaughter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Disembowelment is evisceration, or the removing of vital organs, usually from the abdomen. ... Rendering has several different usages: Rendering (computer graphics) is the process of producing the pixels of an image from a higher-level description of its components. ...

Cooking

Main article: Cooking

The term "cooking" encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavour or digestibility of food. It generally requires the selection, measurement and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure in an effort to achieve the desired result. Constraints on success include the variability of ingredients, ambient conditions, tools, and the skill of the individual cooking.^[17] Cooking is the act of preparing food for ingestion. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Flavor or flavour (see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of a food or other substance, and is determined mainly by the chemical senses of taste and smell. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A modern hammer is directly descended from ancient hand tools A tool or device is a piece of equipment which typically provides a mechanical advantage in accomplishing a physical task. ...

The diversity of cooking worldwide is a reflection of the myriad nutritional, aesthetic, agricultural, economic, cultural and religious considerations that impact upon it.^[2]

Cooking requires applying heat to a food which usually, though not always, chemically transforms it, thus changing its flavor, texture, appearance, and nutritional properties.^[21] Cooking proper, as opposed to roasting, requires the boiling of water in a receptable, and was practiced at least since the 10th millennium BC with the introduction of pottery.^[22] There is archaeological evidence of roasted foodstuffs at Homo erectus campsites dating from 420,000 years ago.^[23][24] Chemistry - the study of atoms, made of nuclei (conglomeration of center particles) and electrons (outer particles), and the structures they form. ... Mouthfeel is a product’s physical and chemical interaction in the mouth. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... See 1 E11 s for more remote dates. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Synonyms † Pithecanthropus erectus † Sinanthropus pekinensis † Javanthropus soloensis † Meganthropus paleojavanicus Homo erectus (Latin: upright man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo. ...

Food manufacture

Main article: Food manufacture

Packaged foods are manufactured outside the home for purchase. This can be as simple as a butcher preparing meat, or as complex as a modern international food industry. Food manufacture is the process by which food is manufactured. ... Butcher shop in Valencia A butcher is someone who prepares various meats and other related goods for sale. ... The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. ...

Early food processing techniques were limited by available food preservation, packaging and transportation. This mainly involved salting, curing, curdling, drying, pickling and smoking.^[25] Various preserved foods Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage to prevent foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional value, density, texture and flavor. ... Salting is the preparation of food with salt. ... In polymer chemistry and Process Engineering, curing refers to the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains, brought about by chemical additives, ultraviolet radiation or heat. ... Drying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water, which is required for decay and the growth of microorganisms. ... Cucumbers gathered for pickling. ... Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Smoking Smoking is the process of preserving, cooking, or flavoring food by exposing it to the smoke from burning or smoldering plant materials, most often wood. ...

During the industrialisation era in the 19th century, food manufacturing arose.^[26] This development took advantage of new mass markets and emerging new technology, such as milling, preservation, packaging and labelling and transportation. It brought the advantages of pre-prepared time saving food to the bulk of ordinary people who did not employ domestic servants.^[27] A Watt steam engine. ... Mass-marketing is the process of widely marketing a product to the masses, using the mass media. ... A Miller is a person who operates a mill for grinding material and usually refers to one who grinds a cereal crop to make flour. ... A sealed pack of diced pork from Tesco. ... A poster featuring an illustration of a stereotypical uniformed maid A domestic worker, or simply domestic, is a servant who works within their employers household. ...

At the start of the 21st century, a two-tier structure has arisen, with a few international food processing giants controlling a wide range of well known food brands. There also exists a wide array of small local or national food processing companies.^[28] Advanced technologies have also come to change food manufacture. Computer-based control systems, sophisticated processing and packaging methods, and logistics and distribution advances, can enhance product quality, improve food safety, and reduce costs.^[27] A brand is a customer experience represented by a collection of images and ideas; often, it refers to a symbol such as a name, logo, slogan, and design scheme. ... Technology (Gr. ... A BlueGene supercomputer cabinet. ... A control system is a device or set of devices that manage the behavior of other devices. ... Typically, processing describes the act of taking something through an established and usually routine set of procedures to convert it from one form to another, as a manufacturing procedure (processing milk into cheese) or administrative procedure (processing paperwork to grant a mortgage loan). ... Packaging is the enclosing of a physical object, typically a product that will be offered for sale. ... Look up Logistics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Food distribution is a vital factor in public nutrition. ... For the Talib Kweli album Quality (album) Quality can refer to a. ... Food safety is a scientific discipline describing the handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent Foodborne illness. ...

Food trade

Some brand name foods

Gourmet foods

Food is now traded and marketed on a global basis.^[29] The variety and availability of food is no longer restricted by the diversity of locally grown food or the limitations of the local growing season.^[30] Between 1961 and 1999 there has been a 400% increase in worldwide food exports.^[31] Some countries are now economically dependent on food exports, which in some cases account for over 80% of all exports.^[32] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1048 KB) Some food in a shelf in my house, took the image myself, February 2006, release it to GFDL. File links The following pages link to this file: Food Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1048 KB) Some food in a shelf in my house, took the image myself, February 2006, release it to GFDL. File links The following pages link to this file: Food Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... This article is about brands in marketing. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 326 KB) Hunter and Gatherer gourmet products File links The following pages link to this file: Food ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 326 KB) Hunter and Gatherer gourmet products File links The following pages link to this file: Food ... A gourmet is a person with a discriminating palate and who is knowledgeable in fine food and drink. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

In 1994 over 100 countries became signatories to the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in a dramatic increase in trade liberalisation. This included an agreement to reduce subsidies paid to farmers, underpinned by the WTO enforcement of agricultural subsidy, tariffs, import quotas and settlement of trade disputes that cannot be bilaterally resolved.^[33] Where trade barriers are raised on the disputed grounds of public health and safety, the WTO refer the dispute to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which was founded in 1962 by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. This has greatly affected world food trade.^[34] The Uruguay Round was a trade negotiation lasting from September 1986 to April 1994 which transformed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade into the World Trade Organization. ... The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (typically abbreviated GATT) was originally created by the Bretton Woods Conference as part of a larger plan for economic recovery after World War II. The GATTs main purpose was to reduce barriers to international trade. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The tax, tariff and trade laws of a political region, state or trade bloc determine which forms of consumption and production tend to be encouraged or discouraged. ... A quota is a prescribed number or share of something. ... The Codex Alimentarius (Latin for food code or food book) is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations relating to foods, food production and food safety under the aegis of consumer protection. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ...

Food marketing and retailing

Food marketing brings together the producer and the consumer. It is the chain of activities that brings food from “farm gate to plate.”^[35] The marketing of even a single food product can be a complicated process involving many producers and companies. For example, fifty-six companies are involved in making one can of chicken noodle soup. These businesses include not only chicken and vegetable processors but also the companies that transport the ingredients and those who print labels and manufacture cans.^[36] The food marketing system is the largest direct and indirect nongovernment employer in the United States. Food marketing brings together the producer and the consumer. ...

In the pre-modern era, the sale of surplus food took place once a week when farmers took their wares on market day, into the local village market place. Here food was sold to grocers for sale in their local shops for purchase by local consumers.^[2][27] Masouleh village, Gilan Province, Iran. ... A marketplace is the space, actual or metaphorical, in which a market operates. ... A grocer is a dealer in staple foodstuffs, such as meats, produce or dairy products, and other household supplies. ...

With the onset of industrialisation, and the development of the food processing industry, a wider range of food could be sold and distributed in distant locations. Typically early grocery shops would be counter-based shops, in which purchasers told the shop-keeper what they wanted, so that the shop-keeper could get it for them.^[2][37] In general, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. ...

Packaged food aisles of supermarket in Portland, Oregon

In the 20th century supermarkets were born. Supermarkets brought with them a self service approach to shopping using shopping carts, and were able to offer quality food at lower cost through economies of scale and reduced staffing costs. In the latter part of the 20th century, this has been further revolutionised by the development of vast warehouse-sized out-of-town supermarkets, selling a wide range of food from around the world.^[38] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2790x1835, 3225 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Supermarket Wikipedia:Featured pictures Hypermarket Fred Meyer User talk:DarkSideOfTheSpoon Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Places/Interiors Wikipedia:Featured pictures... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2790x1835, 3225 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Supermarket Wikipedia:Featured pictures Hypermarket Fred Meyer User talk:DarkSideOfTheSpoon Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Places/Interiors Wikipedia:Featured pictures... Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... Nickname: Location in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: Country United States State Oregon County Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter Area  - City  145. ... Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... Self Service is the practice of serving oneself, usually when purchasing items. ... A row of parked (and very colorful) shopping carts equipped with a coin-operated antitheft mechanism. ... Economies of scale characterizes a production process in which an increase in the number of units produced causes a decrease in the average cost of each unit. ... Inside Green Logistics Co. ...

Unlike food processors, food retailing is a two-tier market in which a small number of very large companies control a large proportion of supermarkets. The supermarket giants wield great purchasing power over farmers and processors, and strong influence over consumers.^[28] Nevertheless, less than ten percent of consumer spending on food goes to farmers, with larger percentages going to advertising, transportation, and intermediate corporations.^[39] Corporate redirects here. ... Commercialism redirects here. ...

There are two basic views of food marketing: production focus and consumer focus. The production-focused view is an institutional one that is primarily concerned with producing a food as efficiently as possible and transporting it so it can eventually be sold. In this perspective, “marketing” is basically a distribution activity.

In contrast to this production perspective, the consumer-focused view involves understanding what exactly consumers want and providing it to them in a form, in a message, and at a profitable price. Whereas a production focus is typically not flexible enough to anticipate consumer demands and interests, a consumer focus necessitates this skill.^[40]

The Food Marketing Mix and the Four Ps of Marketing

The four components of food marketing are often called the “four Ps” of the marketing mix because they relate to product, price, promotion, and place.^[41] One reason food manufacturers receive the largest percentage of the retail food dollar is that they provide the most differentiating, value-added service. The money that manufacturers invest in developing, pricing, promotion, and placing their products helps differentiate a food product on the basis of both quality and brand-name recognition.

Product

In deciding what types of new food products a consumer would most prefer, a manufacturer can either try to develop a new food product or try to modify/extend an existing one. For example, a sweet, flavored yogurt drink would be a new product, a new flavor of milk (such as chocolate or strawberry) would be an extension of an existing product. There are three steps to both developing and extending: generate ideas, screen ideas for feasibility, and test ideas for appeal. Only after these steps will a food product make it to national market. Of one hundred new food product ideas considered, only six make it to a supermarket shelf.

Price

In profitably pricing the food, the manufacturer must keep in mind that the retailer takes approximately 50 percent of the price of a product. A frozen food sold in a retail store for $4.50 generates an income of $2.25 for the manufacturer. This money has to pay for the cost of producing, packaging, shipping, storing, and selling the product.

Promotion

Promoting a food to consumers is done out of store, in store, and on package. Advertisements on television and in magazines are attempts to persuade consumers to think favorably about a product, so that they go to the store to purchase the product. In addition to advertising, promotions can also include Sunday newspaper ads that offer coupons such as cents-off and buy-one-get-one-free offers.

Place

Place refers to the distribution and warehousing efforts necessary to move a food from the manufacturer to a location where a consumer can buy it. It can also relate to the place within a store that it is located.

Famine and hunger

Food deprivation leads to malnutrition and ultimately starvation. This is often connected with famine, which involves the absence of food in entire communities. This can have a devastating and widespread effect on human health and mortality. Rationing is sometimes used to distribute food in times of shortage, most notably during times of war.^[15] Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ... A female child during the Nigerian-Biafran war of the late 1960s, shown suffering the effects of severe hunger and malnutrition. ... A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic and increased mortality. ... Rationing is the controlled distribution of resources and scarce goods or services: it restricts how much people are allowed to buy or consume. ...

Starvation is a significant international problem. Approximately 815 million people are undernourished, and over 16,000 children die per day from hunger-related causes.^[42] Besides starvation, insufficient food causes nearly a third of all babies born worldwide to die prematurely or have disabilities.^[43] Food deprivation is regarded as a deficit need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and is measured using famine scales.^[44] Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a theory in psychology that Abraham Maslow proposed in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation, which he subsequently extended to include his observations of mans innate curiosity. ... Famine scales are the ways in which degrees of food security are measured, from situations in which an entire population has adequate food to full-scale famine. ...

Food aid

Food aid can benefit people suffering from a shortage of food. It can be used to improve peoples' lives in the short term, so that a society can increase its standard of living to the point that food aid is no longer required.^[45] Conversely, badly managed food aid can create problems by disrupting local markets, depressing crop prices, and discouraging food production. Sometimes a cycle of food aid dependence can develop.^[46] Its provision, or threatened withdrawal, is sometimes used as a political tool to influence the politics of the destination country. Sometimes, also, food aid provisions will require certain types of food be purchased from certain sellers, and food aid can be misused to enhance the markets of donor countries.^[47][48] International efforts to distribute food to the neediest countries are often co-ordinated by the World Food Programme.^[49] The World Food Programme (WFP) is an agency of the United Nations which distributes food commodities to support development projects, to long-term refugees and displaced persons and as emergency food assistance in situations of natural and man-made disasters. ... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... // World Food Programme Hunger and undernutrition claim more lives than AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined—25,000 people a day, one every four seconds. ...

Food safety

Main article: Food safety

Foodborne illness, commonly called "food poisoning," is caused by bacteria, toxins, viruses, parasites, and prions. Roughly 7 million people die of food poisoning each year, with about 10 times as many suffering from a non-fatal version.^[50] Food safety is a scientific discipline describing the handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent Foodborne illness. ... A foodborne illness (also foodborne disease) is any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated food. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... The venom of the black widow spider is a potent latrotoxin. ... Groups I: dsDNA viruses II: ssDNA viruses III: dsRNA viruses IV: (+)ssRNA viruses V: (-)ssRNA viruses VI: ssRNA-RT viruses VII: dsDNA-RT viruses A virus (from the Latin noun virus, meaning toxin or poison) is a microscopic particle (ranging in size from 20 - 300 nm) that can infect the... A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it. ... For the theoretical subatomic particle, see Preon. ...

The two most common factors leading to cases of bacterial foodborne illness are cross-contamination of ready-to-eat food from other uncooked foods and improper temperature control. Less commonly, acute adverse reactions can also occur if chemical contamination of food occurs, for example from improper storage, or use of non-food grade soaps and disinfectants. Food can also be adulterated by a very wide range of articles (known as 'foreign bodies') during farming, manufacture, cooking, packaging, distribution or sale. These foreign bodies can include pests or their droppings, hairs, cigarette butts, wood chips, and all manner of other contaminants. It is possible for certain types of food to become contaminated if stored or presented in an unsafe container, such as a ceramic pot with lead-based glaze.^[50]

Food poisoning has been recognised as a disease of man since as early as Hippocrates.^[51] The sale of rancid, contaminated or adulterated food was commonplace until introduction of hygiene, refrigeration, and vermin controls in the 19th century. Discovery of techniques for killing bacteria using heat and other microbiological studies by scientists such as Louis Pasteur contributed to the modern sanitation standards that we enjoy today. This was further underpinned by the work of Justus von Liebig whose work led to the development of modern food storage and food preservation methods.^[52] In more recent years, a greater understanding of the causes of food-borne illnesses has led to the development of more systematic approaches such as HACCP, which can identify and eliminate many risks.^[53] Foodborne illness or food poisoning is caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. ... Hippocrates of Cos II or Hippokrates of Kos (ca. ... Rancidification is the decomposition of fats and other lipids by oxidation. ... Hygiene is the primary attraction facet and is commonly understood as preventing infections in personal places through cleanliness. ... The bane of Australian farmers - the wild rabbit Mouse Vermin is a pejorative word given to animals which are considered by users of the word to be pests or nuisances, most associated with the carrying of disease. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as transfer of thermal energy [1] Generally, heat is a form of energy transfer associated with the different motions of atoms, molecules and other particles that comprise matter when it is hot and when it is cold. ... An agar plate streaked with microorganisms Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are unicellular or cell-cluster microscopic organisms. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in microbiology. ... Freiherr Justus von Liebig (May 12, 1803 in Darmstadt, Germany – April 18, 1873 in Munich, Germany) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. ... Food caches, Hooper Bay, Alaska, 1929. ... Various preserved foods Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage to prevent foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional value, density, texture and flavor. ... Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systematic method used in the food industry to identify potential food safety hazards, so that key actions, known as Critical Control Points (CCPs), can be taken to reduce or eliminate the risk of the hazards being realised. ...

Food allergies

Main article: food allergy

Some people have allergies or sensitivities to foods which are not problematic to most people. This occurs when a person's immune system mistakes a certain food protein for a harmful foreign agent and attacks it. About 2% of adults and 8% of children have a food allergy.^[54] The amount of the food substance required to provoke a reaction in a susceptible individual can be minute. For instance, tiny amounts of food in the air, too minute to be smelled, have been known to provoke lethal reactions in sufficiently sensitive individuals. Commonly food allergens are gluten, corn, shellfish (mollusks), peanuts, and soy. Most patients present with diarrhea after ingesting certain foodstuffs, skin symptoms (rashes), bloating, vomiting and regurgitation. The digestive complaints usually develop within half an hour of ingesting the allergen.^[54] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... Wheat - a prime source of gluten Gluten is an amorphous ergastic protein found combined with starch in the endosperm of some cereals, notably wheat, rye, and barley. ... “Corn” redirects here. ... Cooked mussels Shellfish is a term used to describe shelled molluscs and crustaceans used as food. ... Binomial name Arachis hypogaea L. The peanut, or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the legume family Fabaceae native to South America. ... Binomial name Glycine max Soybeans (US) or soya beans (UK) (Glycine max) are a high-protein legume (Family Fabaceae) grown as food for both humans and livestock. ... Types 5-7 on the Bristol Stool Chart are often associated with diarrhea Diarrhea (in American English) or diarrhoea (in British English) is a generally unpleasant condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements (from the Greek word διάρροια; literally meaning through-flowing). Acute infectious diarrhea is a... A rash is a change in skin which affects its color, appearance or texture. ... Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth. ... Regurgitation is the passive flow of stomach contents back into the esophagus and mouth. ... An allergen is any substance (antigen), most often eaten or inhaled, that is recognized by the immune system and causes an allergic reaction. ...

Rarely, the food allergy chelce can lead to anaphylactic shock: hypotension (low blood pressure) and loss of consciousness. This is a medical emergency. An allergen associated with this type of reaction is peanut, although latex products can induce similar reactions.^[54] Initial treatment is with epinephrine (adrenaline), often carried by known patients in the form of an Epi-pen.^[55] Anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to a trigger substance, called an allergen. ... In physiology and medicine, hypotension refers to an abnormally low blood pressure. ... A medical emergency is an injury or illness that poses an immediate threat to a persons health or life which requires help from a doctor or hospital. ... Binomial name Arachis hypogaea L. The peanut, or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the legume family Fabaceae native to South America. ... The LaTeX logo, typeset with LaTeX LATEX, written as LaTeX in plain text, is a document markup language and document preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. ... Adrenaline redirects here. ... A 0. ...

Dietary habits

Main article: Diet (nutrition)

Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culture makes when choosing what foods to eat.^[56] Although humans are omnivores, each culture holds some food preferences and some food taboos.^[57] Dietary choices can also define cultures and play a role in religion. For example, only Kosher foods are permitted by Judaism, and Halal/Haram foods by Islam, in the diet of believers.^[58] In addition, the dietary choices of different countries or regions have different characteristics. This is highly related to a culture's cuisine. In nutrition, the diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about cultural prohibitions in general, for other uses, see Taboo (disambiguation). ... Look up kosher in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Halaal (حلال, halāl, halal) is an Islamic Arabic term meaning permissible. In English it is most frequently used to refer to food that is permissible according to Islamic law. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Cuisine (from French cuisine, cooking; culinary art; kitchen; ultimately from Latin coquere, to cook) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a specific culture. ...

Dietary habits play a significant role in the health and mortality of all humans. Imbalances between the consumed fuels and expended energy results in either starvation or excessive reserves of adipose tissue, known as body fat.^[59] Poor intake of various vitamins and minerals can lead to diseases which can have far-reaching effects on health. For instance, 30% of the world's population either has, or is at risk for developing, Iodine deficiency.^[60] It is estimated that at least 3 million children are blind due to vitamin A deficiency.^[61] Vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy.^[62] Calcium, Vitamin D and phosphorus are inter-related; the consumption of each may affect the absorption of the others. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are childhood disorders caused by lack of dietary protein.^[63] Obesity, a serious problem in the western world, leads to higher chances of developing heart disease, diabetes, and many other diseases.^[64] Adipose tissue is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body. ... A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. ... Iodine is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodotyronine contain iodine. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Vitamin C (disambiguation). ... Scurvy (N.Lat. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 40. ... Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ... General Name, Symbol, Number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ... Marasmus is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterised by calorie deficiency and energy deficiency. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Heart disease is an umbrella term for a number of different diseases which affect the heart. ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ...

Many individuals limit what foods they eat for reasons of health, morality, or other habit.^[65] For instance vegetarians choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees. Others choose a healthier diet, avoiding sugars or animal fats and increasing consumption of dietary fiber and antioxidants.^[66] For animals adapted to eat primarily plants, sometimes referred to as vegetarian animals, see Herbivore. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water. ... Space-filling model of the antioxidant metabolite glutathione. ...

More recently, dietary habits have been influenced by the concerns that some people have about possible impacts on health or the environment from genetically modified food.^[67] Further concerns about the impact of industrial farming on animal welfare, human health and the environment are also having an effect on contemporary human dietary habits. This has led to the emergence of a counterculture with a preference for organic and local food.^[68] Genetically Modified (GM) foods are produced from genetically modified organisms (GMO) which have had their genome altered through genetic engineering techniques. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An organically-grown apple. ... It has been suggested that Local food network be merged into this article or section. ...

Nutrients in food

Main article: Nutrition

Between the extremes of optimal health and death from starvation or malnutrition, there is an array of disease states that can be caused or alleviated by changes in diet. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to diseases such as scurvy, obesity or osteoporosis, as well as psychological and behavioral problems. The science of nutrition attempts to understand how and why specific dietary aspects influence health. The updated USDA food pyramid, published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption. ... A female child during the Nigerian-Biafran war of the late 1960s, shown suffering the effects of severe hunger and malnutrition. ... Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ... Scurvy (N.Lat. ... Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. ...

Nutrients in food are grouped into several categories. Macronutrients means fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Micronutrients are the minerals and vitamins. Additionally food contains water and dietary fiber. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Dietary Minerals are the chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the four elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen which are omnipresent in organic molecules. ... Retinol (Vitamin A) Vitamins are nutrients required in very small amounts for essential metabolic reactions in the body [1]. The term vitamin does not encompass other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids, or essential amino acids. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the digestive system, absorbing water. ...

References

Harold McGee writes about the chemistry, techniques and history of food and cooking and is the author of two books that explain kitchen science in an approachable manner. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jean-François Millet Le Semeur (The Sower) Simon & Schuster logo, circa 1961. ... Margaret Mead Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901, Philadelphia – November 15, 1978, New York City) American cultural anthropologist. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for regulating food (humans and animal), dietary supplements, drugs (human and animal), cosmetics, medical devices (human and animal) and radiation emitting devices (including non-medical devices), biologics, and... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the new body incorporating Her Majestys Stationery Office (usually abbreviated as HMSO). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary body of the European Union. ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... The United States Department of Agriculture (also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA) is a United States Federal Executive Department (or Cabinet Department). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Department of Agriculture (also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA) is a United States Federal Executive Department (or Cabinet Department). ... World Factbook 2004 cover The World Factbook is an annual publication by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with basic almanac-style information about the various countries of the world. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Institutes of Health is an institution of the United States government which focuses on medical research. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Hippocrates of Cos II or Hippokrates of Kos (ca. ... The United States Department of Agriculture (also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA) is a United States Federal Executive Department (or Cabinet Department). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... The National Institutes of Health is an institution of the United States government which focuses on medical research. ... Brian Wansink Brian Wansink (born 1960, Sioux City, Iowa) is an American professor of marketing and nutritional science. ... Brian Wansink Brian Wansink (born 1960, Sioux City, Iowa) is an American professor of marketing and nutritional science. ...

External links

• American Dietetic Association [1]
• Cornell Food and Brand Lab [2]
• Food Network [3]
• Mindless eating [4]
• TOPS Club, Inc. [5]
• iFood.tv
• [Food and health for kids

The American Dietetic Association (ADA) is the United States largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, with nearly 65,000 members. ... Food and Brand Lab The Food and Brand Lab is a non-profit research facility at Cornell University which focuses on why people buy and eat the foods they do in they quantities they do. ... Food Network is an American cable network that airs many specials and recurring (episodic) shows about food. ... Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think is a nonfiction book by Cornell University consumer behavior professor Brian Wansink. ... This article is about the non-profit organization TOPS Club, Inc. ...

See also

• Category:Lists of foods
• Food politics
• Culinary arts
• Food Groups