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A football is used to play one of the different sports known as football or Rugby. Each different code of football uses a different ball which belong to one of two different basic shapes: Look up Football in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
For other uses, see Rugby (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Sphere (disambiguation). ...
A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ...
Gaelic Football (Irish: Peil, Peil Gaelach or Caid ), commonly referred to as football, or Gaelic , is a form of football played mainly in Ireland. ...
A spheroid is a quadric surface in three dimensions obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes. ...
For other uses, see Rugby (disambiguation). ...
Rugby league football (usually shortened to rugby league, football, league) is a full-contact team sport played with a prolate spheroid-shaped ball by two teams of thirteen on a rectangular grass field. ...
Australian Football is the official name for Australian rules football, the code of football. ...
United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ...
Diagram of a Canadian football field. ...
Association football (soccer)
- See also: History of association football balls
The history of association football balls is the history of the football (ball) in the game of association football. ...
Dimensions The ball used in football (soccer) is called a football (or soccer ball). Law 2 of the game specifies that the ball is an air-filled sphere with a circumference of 68–70 cm (or 27–28 inches), a weight of 410–450 g (or 14–16 ounces), inflated to a pressure of 60–110 kPa (or 8.5–15.6 psi), and covered in leather or "other suitable material".[1] The weight specified for a ball is the dry weight: older balls often became significantly heavier in the course of a match played in wet weather. The standard ball is a Size 5. Smaller sizes exist; Size 3 is standard for team handball; others are used in underage games or as novelty items. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ...
The Laws of the Game (also known as the Laws of Football) are the rules governing a game of association football (soccer). ...
For other uses, see Sphere (disambiguation). ...
The circumference is the distance around a closed curve. ...
A centimetre (American spelling centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length that is equal to one hundredth of a metre, the current SI base unit of length. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
For other uses, see Mass (disambiguation). ...
For other meanings of gram, see gram (disambiguation). ...
The ounce (abbreviation: oz) is the name of a unit of mass in a number of different systems, including various systems of mass that form part of English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
This article is about pressure in the physical sciences. ...
For other uses, see Pascal. ...
A pressure gauge reading in PSI (red scale) and kPa (black scale) The pound-force per square inch (symbol: lbf/in²) is a non-SI unit of pressure based on avoirdupois units. ...
Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. ...
Handball player leaps towards the goal prior to throwing the ball, while the goalkeeper extends himself trying to stop it. ...
Construction Most modern footballs are stitched from 32 panels of waterproofed leather or plastic: pigskin, 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons. The 32-panel configuration is similar to the polyhedron known as the truncated icosahedron, except that it is more spherical, because the faces bulge due to the pressure of the air inside. The first 32-panel ball was marketed by Select in the 1950s in Denmark. This configuration became common throughout Continental Europe in the 1960s, and was publicised worldwide by the Adidas Telstar, the official ball of the 1970 World Cup. Image File history File links Trunc-icosa. ...
Image File history File links Trunc-icosa. ...
The truncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid. ...
Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. ...
Look up pentagon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
For other uses, see Hexagon (disambiguation). ...
For the game magazine, see Polyhedron (magazine). ...
The truncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid. ...
A SELECT statement in SQL returns a result set of records from one or more tables. ...
Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and, at times, peninsulas. ...
This article is about the company. ...
Buckminsterfullerene molecule (C60) A truncated icosahedron compared to a plain Telstar-like ball Telstar provided by Adidas was the official match ball of 1970 FIFA World Cup and 1974 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico and West Germany. ...
Qualifying countries The 1970 FIFA World Cup, the ninth staging of the World Cup, was held in Mexico, from May 31 to June 21. ...
 The official match ball of the 2006 FIFA World Cup Older balls were usually stitched from 18 oblong non-waterproof leather panels, similar to the design of modern volleyballs and Gaelic footballs, and laced to allow access to the internal air bladder. This configuration is still common. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2112 × 2816 pixel, file size: 2. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2112 × 2816 pixel, file size: 2. ...
For the ball used in this sport, see Volleyball (ball). ...
The official FIFA World Cup football for Germany 2006 matches was the 14-panel Adidas +Teamgeist. It was made in Thailand by Adidas, who have provided the official match balls for the tournament since 1970, and is a "thermally bonded" machine-pressed ball, rather than a traditionally stitched one. For future world cups, FIFA is hoping to alternate between Nike and Adidas for match balls.[citation needed] For the club competition, see FIFA Club World Cup. ...
Teamgeist Teamgeist is the official football for the FIFA World Cup 2006. ...
Another ball with an innovative pattern is the 26-panel Mitre PRO 100T. Mitre Sports International is a England based sporting goods company. ...
There are also indoor footballs, which are made of one or two pieces of plastic. Often these have designs printed on them to resemble a stitched leather ball.
Child labour About 80% of association footballs are made in Pakistan. 75% of these (60% of all world production) [2] are made in the city of Sialkot. In the past child labour was often used in the production of the balls. In 1996, during the European championship, activists decided to press this issue. This eventually led to the Atlanta Agreement, which forced ball manufacturers to make sure no child labour was involved in the fabrication of their products. This also led to a centralisation of production, which on the one hand would make it easier for the Independent Monitoring Association for Child Labour (IMAC[3]) - an organization created to watch over the Atlanta Agreement - to make sure no child labour occurred, on the other hand often forced workers to commute further to get to work. Now the production takes place primarily in small workshops and factories and is now "totally free" of child labour. [4] Sialkot (Urdu/Punjabi: سیالکوٹ ) is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. ...
Child labour or labor is the phenomenon of children in employment. ...
The 1996 European Football Championship (or simply Euro 96) was hosted by England. ...
The Atlanta Agreement is an agreement which was formed between the International Labour Organization, the Sialkot Chamber of Commerce and Industry and UNICEF on February 14, 1997. ...
American football In North America, the term football refers to a ball which is used to play American football or Canadian football (both of which developed from Rugby football). It is also referred to as a "pigskin", due to their early use of pig hide to cover the ball. However, when the United States and Asian governments realized how uneconomical it was to manufacture the balls from this material, a movement was sparked by the AATUPS in 1932 arguing that the cruelty towards the pigs was inhumane. Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 885 KB)Source: http://www. ...
Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 885 KB)Source: http://www. ...
North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...
For other uses, see Rugby (disambiguation). ...
Nearly a prolate spheroid, the ball is slightly pointed at the ends, unlike the more elliptical rugby ball. The Canadian football is slightly less prolate than the American ball and has a closer resemblance to a rugby ball.
The ball is about 11 inches (28 cm) long and about 22 inches (56 cm) in circumference at the center. The exterior of the ball is made of leather, which is required in professional and collegiate football. Footballs used in recreation may be made of rubber or plastic materials.
Leather panels are usually tanned to a natural brown color, which is usually required in professional leagues and collegiate play. At least one manufacturer uses leather that has been tanned to provide a "tacky" grip in dry or wet conditions.
The leather is usually stamped with a pebble-grain texture to help players grip the ball. Some or all of the panels may be stamped with the manufacturer's name, league or conference logos, signatures, and other markings.
Four panels or pieces of leather or plastic are required for each football. After a series of quality control inspections for weight and blemishes, workers begin the actual manufacturing process.
Two of the panels are perforated along adjoining edges, so that they can be laced together. One of these lacing panels receives an additional perforation and reinforcements in its center, to hold the inflation valve.
Each panel is attached to an interior lining. The four panels are then stitched together in an "inside-out" manner. The edges with the lacing holes, however, are not stitched together. The ball is then turned right side out by pushing the panels through the lacing hole.
A polyurethane or rubber lining called a bladder is then inserted through the lacing hole.
Polyvinyl chloride or leather laces are inserted through the perforations, to provide a grip for holding, hiking and passing the football. Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride, (IUPAC Polychloroethene) commonly abbreviated PVC, is a widely used thermoplastic polymer. ...
Before play, the ball is inflated to an air pressure of 12.5–13.5 psi (86–93 kPa). The ball weighs 14–15 ounces (397–425 g).
According to nfl.com: The home club shall have 36 balls for outdoor games and 24 for indoor games available for testing with a pressure gauge by the referee two hours prior to the starting time of the game to meet with League requirements. Twelve (12) new footballs, sealed in a special box and shipped by the manufacturer, will be opened in the officials’ locker room two hours prior to the starting time of the game. These balls are to be specially marked with the letter "k" and used exclusively for the kicking game.
Regardless of the material used in manufacturing, the ball is sometimes colloquially referred to as a pigskin.
Australian football
 An Australian rules football The football used in Australian football is similar to a rugby ball but generally slightly smaller and more rounded. A regulation football is 720–730 mm (28.3–28.7 in) in circumference, and 545–555 mm (21.5–21.9 in) transverse circumference, and inflated to a pressure of 62–76kPa (9–11 psi). In the AFL, the balls are red for day matches and yellow for night matches Image File history File links Sherrin AFL football (non-transparent) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Sherrin AFL football (non-transparent) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
High marking is a key skill and spectacular attribute of Australian rules football Precise field and goal kicking using the oval shaped ball is the key skill in Australian rules football Australian rules football, also known as Australian football, Aussie rules, or simply football or footy is a code of...
This article is about the national league in Australian rules football. ...
Different sized and weight balls are used for different age levels, and for use with other sports such as Rec Footy and Women's Australian rules football. Recreational Football. ...
Melbourne University Mugars player jostles for best position in a overhead Marking contest while tackled Darebin Falcons player lies down. ...
Brands of balls used include Burley, Ross Faulkner, and the brand used in the Australian Football League, the Sherrin. History: ‘Burley’ and ‘Sekem’ are two brands that have become part of the sporting landscape in Australia, with 180 years experience between them. ...
This article is about the national league in Australian rules football. ...
Sherrin is a popular brand of football used in Australian rules football and is the official ball of the Australian Football League, designed to its official specifications. ...
The Australian rules ball was invented by T.W. Sherrin in 1880, after he was given a misshapen rugby ball to fix. Sherrin designed the ball with indented rather than pointy ends to give the ball a better bounce. Before this time, a round ball was used from the 1850s to 1870s and later rugby balls were used to play the game.
Gaelic football
 Balls made by Irish company O'Neill's are used for all official Gaelic football matches. Gaelic football is played with a spherical ball, roughly 25.4 cm (10 in) in diameter and 68.6 cm (27 in) to 73.7 cm (29 in) in circumference.[1] A dry ball weighs between 370 g (13 oz) and 425 grams (15 oz). Gaelic footballs are also the standard balls used in International rules football. The ball made in Ireland by the Irish company ONeills used for all official Gaelic football matches. ...
The ball made in Ireland by the Irish company ONeills used for all official Gaelic football matches. ...
International Rules Football match at the Telstra Dome - Australia vs Ireland. ...
Although Gaelic football has been played with a round ball since first organised in 1887, balls made by the Irish sports company O'Neills have been used sometime since the company was founded in 1918 and are recognised as the official ball to be played with, although it is now permitted to use the Gaelic ball manufactured by the Irish sports company Gaelic Gear.[2]
Rugby Richard Lindon and William Gilbert started making balls for Rugby school out of hand stitched, four-panel, leather casings and pigs’ bladders. The rugby ball's distinctive shape is supposedly due to the pig’s bladder though early balls were more plum shaped than oval. The balls varied in size in the beginning depending upon how large the pig’s bladder was. Category: ...
William Gilbert (1799-1877) was a cobbler in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. ...
A view of Rugby School from The Close, the playing field where according to legend Rugby was invented Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is one of the oldest public schools in England and is one of the major co-educational boarding schools in the country. ...
Until 1870 rugby was played with a spherical ball with an inner-tube made of a pigs' bladder. In 1870 Richard Lindon introduced rubber inner-tubes and because of the pliability of rubber the shape gradually changed from a sphere to an egg. In 1892 the RFU endorsed ovalness as the compulsory shape. The gradual flattening of the ball continued over the years. [5] The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the rugby union governing body in England. ...
Rugby league Rugby league is played with a prolate spheroid shaped football. Traditionally made of brown leather, modern footballs are synthetic and manufactured in a variety of colors and patterns. The football used in rugby league is known as "international size" or "size 5" and is approximately 27 cm long and 60 cm in circumference at its widest point. Smaller-sized balls are used for Mini and Mod versions of the game. A full size ball weighs between 383 and 440 grams. Rugby league footballs are slightly more pointed than rugby union footballs and larger than American footballs. Rugby league football (usually shortened to rugby league, football, league) is a full-contact team sport played with a prolate spheroid-shaped ball by two teams of thirteen on a rectangular grass field. ...
The Australian National Rugby League uses balls made by Steeden. Steeden is also sometimes used as a noun to describe the ball itself. It is used in the famous Australian game NRL which is played in two different compitions in Australia and Europe The National Rugby League (NRL) is the top league of professional rugby league football clubs in Australasia. ...
Steeden is an Australian sports good manufacturer, best known for producing rugby league footballs. ...
Rugby union The ball used in rugby union, usually referred to as a Rugby Ball, is a prolate spheroid essentially elliptical in profile. Traditionally made of brown leather, modern footballs are manufactured in a variety of colors and patterns. A regulation football is 28–30 cm (11–11.8 inches) long and 58–62 cm (22.8–24.4 inches) in circumference at its widest point. It weighs 410–460 grams (14.5–16.2 ounces) and is inflated to 65.71–68.75 kPa (or 9.5–10 psi). [6] Image File history File links Rugbyball2. ...
Image File history File links Rugbyball2. ...
For other uses, see Rugby (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Ellipse (disambiguation). ...
In 1980, leather-encased balls, which were prone to water-logging, were replaced with balls encased in synthetic waterproof materials.[5] The Gilbert Synergie was the match ball of the 2007 Rugby World Cup. The Gilbert Synergie is a rugby union match ball produced by Gilbert. ...
The 2007 Rugby World Cup is the sixth Rugby World Cup, a quadrennial international rugby union world championship inaugurated in 1987. ...
Footnotes - ^ FIFA: Laws of the Game
- ^ Balls and Chains by Uwe Buse
- ^ official website of IMAC
- ^ Atlanta Agreement
- ^ a b Blood, mud and aftershave in The Observer Sunday February 5, 2006, Section B is for Ball by Oliver Price
- ^ Rugby Union: Law 2 - The ball
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Bibliography - Angela Royston, 2005. How Is a Soccer Ball Made? Heinemann. ISBN 1-4034-6642-4.
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