Football hooliganism (sometimes described as the English Disease)^[1] is hooliganism by football club supporters.^[2] Fights between supporters of rival teams sometimes take place immediately before or after football matches; often at pre-arranged locations away from stadiums, in order to avoid police. Hooligan redirects here. ... “Soccer” redirects here. ...

A football firm (also known as a hooligan firm or simply a firm) is a gang formed with the intent to engage in fights with members of firms from other clubs. Some firms, especially in southern and eastern Europe, have been linked with far right political groups, but other firms have been associated with leftist or anti-racist views. The firms' political views are not necessarily representative of all supporters of the teams.-1... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... Left wing redirects here. ... Anti-racism includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. ...

Football hooliganism has been featured in films such as I.D., The Firm and Green Street, (the latter featuring fictional firms based on West Ham's' Inter City Firm (ICF) and Millwall's Bushwackers). There are also many books about hooliganism, such as The Football Factory (also a film) and Among the Thugs. Some contend that such media representations glamourise violence and the hooligan lifestyle. More recently, the book Perry Boys, by English author Ian Hough, has explored the phenomenon from a fashion, sociological, and even anthropological perspective. Hough was involved in the emergent casual culture that transformed the complexion of British football hooliganism in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and his work presents a new angle and a challenge to those who claim hooligans, and ex-hooligans, are without education and style. DVD cover for I.D. is a 1995 British film about football hooliganism, directed by Philip Davis and starring Reece Dinsdale, Sean Pertwee and Warren Clarke. ... The Firm is a 1988 TV film by Al Hunter Ashton. ... For the actual street, see Green Street (street). ... Current season West Ham United Football Club is an English football club based in Upton Park, London Borough of Newham, East London, and have played their home matches at the 35,303 capacity Boleyn Ground stadium since 1904. ... The Inter City Firm (ICF) was a UK football hooligan firm active in the 1970s and 1980s, affiliated with West Ham United. ... Millwall Football Club are an English professional football team based at the New Den Stadium in Bermondsey, South East London. ... The Millwall Bushwackers are a hooligan firm that originated in the 1970s, or the golden age of football hooliganism. ... The Football Factory is a novel by John King. ... The Football Factory is a 2004 English film, directed by Nick Love and starring Danny Dyer and Frank Harper. ... Among the Thugs: The Experience, and the Seduction, of Crowd Violence is a work of journalism written by Bill Buford in 1990 documenting football hooliganism in the United Kingdom. ... Sociology (from Latin: socius, companion; and the suffix -ology, the study of, from Greek λόγος, lógos, knowledge [1]) is the scientific or systematic study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture[2]. Areas studied in sociology can range from the analysis of brief contacts between anonymous... Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος = human) consists of the study of humankind (see genus Homo). ... This article is about the hooligan subculture. ...

Early history

Football and violence can be traced back to the Middle Ages in England. In 1314, Edward II banned football (which then was a violent free-for-all involving rival villages fly-hacking a pig's bladder across the local heath) because he believed the disorder surrounding matches might lead to social unrest or even treason.^[3] The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... For the play, see Edward II (play). ... For other uses, see Rebel (disambiguation) and Rebellion (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ...

The first recorded instances of football hooliganism in the modern game took place in the 1880s in England, a period when gangs of supporters would intimidate neighbourhoods, as well as attack referees and opposing supporters and players. In 1885, after Preston North End beat Aston Villa 5-0 in a friendly match, the two teams were pelted with stones; attacked with sticks, punched, kicked and spat at. One Preston player was beaten so severely that he lost consciousness. Press reports of the time described the fans as "howling roughs".^[3] The following year, Preston fans fought Queen's Park fans in a railway station; the first recorded instance of football hooliganism away from a match. In 1905, several Preston fans were tried for hooliganism, including a "drunk and disorderly" 70 year old woman, following their match against Blackburn Rovers.^[3] For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Preston North End Football Club are an English professional football club located in the Deepdale area of the city of Preston, Lancashire, currently playing in the second tier of English league football, The Championship. ... Aston Villa redirects here. ... Queens Park Football Club is a famous Scottish football team, and is the oldest football club in Scotland[1], founded in 1867. ... Blackburn Rovers Football Club is an English Premier League football club based in the town of Blackburn, Lancashire. ...

Between the two world wars, there were no recorded instance of football hooliganism, but it started attracting widespread media attention in the late 1950s due to its re-emergence in Latin America. In the 1955-56 English football season, Liverpool and Everton fans were involved in a number of train-wrecking incidents. By the 1960s, an average of 25 hooligan incidents were being reported each year in England.^[3] Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in the history of English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ... Everton Football Club is an English football club located in the city of Liverpool. ...

South America

Argentina

In 1968, over 70 people died when crowds attending a football match in Buenos Aires stampeded after youths threw burning paper on to the terraces.^[4] A 2002 investigation into football hooliganism in Argentina stated that football violence had become a national crisis, with about 40 people murdered at football matches in the preceding ten years. In the 2002 season, there had been five deaths and dozens of knife and shotgun casualties. At one point the season was suspended and there was widespread social disorder in the country. The first death in 2002 was at a match between fierce rivals River Plate and Boca Juniors. The match was abandoned and one fan was shot dead. Boca, one of the largest clubs in Argentina, may have the largest hooligan element in the country, with their self-styled leader, Rafael Di Zeo, claiming in 2002 that they had over 2,000 members. Every major and minor football club in Argentina have Barra brava groups, some of whom are violent. The Boca group, known as La Doce (player number 12) have a long history of violence. In 2002, Diego Maradona, was alleged to remain friends with the group's leaders, in spite of their reputation.^[5] For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... This article is about the tool. ... For other uses, see Shotgun (disambiguation). ... For the club from Uruguay see Club Atlético River Plate (Uruguay), for the one from Paraguay see Club Atlético River Plate (Asunción) Club Atlético River Plate, known also as River Plate or simply River, is an Argentine sports club best known for its football team, established... Club Atlético Boca Juniors is one of the most popular Argentine sports clubs, best known for its football team. ... Barra brava is a name for organized supporter groups of football teams in Latin America. ... Maradona redirects here. ...

In February 2002, one fan was killed and 12 people injured, including six police officers when fans of Racing Club de Avellaneda and Club Atlético Independiente clashed. An Independiente fan was shot dead and another fan was shot in the back and hospitalised when about 400 rival fans fought outside Racing Clubs Estadio Juan Domingo Perón in Avellaneda before the match. Between 70 and 80 people were arrested as a result. The match started late when Independiente fans threw a smoke bomb at Racing Club goalkeeper, Gustavo Campagnuolo. That same weekend, 30 people were arrested and 10 police officers injured when fighting broke out at a match between Estudiantes de La Plata and Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata in La Plata.^[6] Racing Club, more commonly known as Racing de Avellaneda or simply Racing, is an Argentinian professional football club from Avellaneda, a suburb of Gran Buenos Aires. ... Independiente redirects here. ... The Estadio Juan Domingo Perón is a football stadium in Argentina. ... Avellaneda is a city in eastern Argentina, a port in Buenos Aires Province, and capital of Avellaneda District. ... Home made smoke powder burning Smoke bombs are a firework designed to produce colored smoke upon ignition. ... A football goalkeeper leaves the ground to parry a shot on goal In many team sports, a goalkeeper (termed goaltender, netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports) is a designated player that is charged with directly preventing the opposite team from scoring by defending the goal. ... Estudiantes de La Plata is a sports club in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, with a history of achievement in professional football. ... Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata (GELP) is an Argentine sports club with a football team in Primera División Argentina. ... La Plata is the capital city of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, as well as of the partido of La Plata. ...

The Argentine government announced emergency security measures in March 2002 because the violence continued, with three people dead and hundreds injured in two weeks. The government announced stiffer penalties for offenders, including longer jail sentences for possession of firearms or fireworks at stadiums. A survey in the national newspaper Clarin showed 62 percent or poll respondents wanting the football league season to be suspended following a weekend of violence at matches. At one match between River Plate and Nueva Chicago, over 12 people were hospitalised with rubber bullet injuries received when the police tried to break up fighting between rival fans. It was announced that 152 people had died since the 1930s up to that point due to football-related violence in Argentina.^[7] Clarín is a major newspaper in Argentina, founded by Roberto Noble on August 28, 1945. ... For the club from Uruguay see Club Atlético River Plate (Uruguay), for the one from Paraguay see Club Atlético River Plate (Asunción) Club Atlético River Plate, known also as River Plate or simply River, is an Argentine sports club best known for its football team, established... Nueva Chicago is an Argentine football club based out of the Mataderos barrio of Buenos Aires, which is also called Nueva Chicago. ...

In 2005, a footballer, Carlos Ezcurra, was shot and seriously wounded by a police officer, when rival fans were rioted during the Primera B match between local Mendoza rivals San Martin and Godoy Cruz. At half-time, fans had thrown rocks onto the pitch, and just before the end of the match, fans from both clubs invaded the pitch and started fighting. The players who had stayed on the pitch, including Ezcurra, tried to calm the fans, and he was shot when police tried to stop the fans by firing rubber bullets.^[8] Primera B Nacional (usually called simply Nacional B, in English National B Division) is the second most important category of Argentine football (soccer), and its organized by the Argentine Football Association. ... Monument dedicated to the Army of the Andes, on the summit of the Cerro de la Gloria. ... San Martín de Mendozaare a football club from Mendoza in Mendoza Province, Argentina. ... Club Deportivo Godoy Cruz Antonio Tomba is an Argentine sports club from Godoy Cruz, Mendoza Province, best known for its football (soccer) team, recently promoted to the First Division, Argentinas top level. ...

Brazil

Football hooliganism in Brazil appears to be relatively low key compared to some countries. On 4 March, 1971, a fight broke out at a match in Salvador, killing four and injuring 1,500.^[9]

In December 2000, fighting between rival supporters during the final of the 2000 Copa João Havelange between Vasco da Gama and São Caetano led to a fence collapsing and over 60 injuries at the Estádio São Januário in Rio de Janeiro. Hundreds of fans in the upper terrace had pushed forward trying to escape from the fighting. Fans lower down were pushed into a perimeter fence which under the weight, collapsed, and fans spilled onto the pitch. Fans had panicked when fighting broke out with people falling on top of each other. Many were treated on the pitch, with helicopters taking over 50 people to local hospitals. The match was abandoned 90 minutes later by the governor of Rio de Janeiro state, Anthony Garotinho. This was despite calls by the police, who had wanted to bring in military police to encircle the pitch, to ensure that fans did not interrupt the match.^[10][11] esse era o clube dos 13 This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, usually known as Vasco da Gama or simply Vasco, (after the famous Portuguese explorer of the same name) is a Brazilian sports club from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, founded on August 21, 1898 (although the football department started on November 5, 1915[1... Associação Desportiva São Caetano is a Brazilian football team based on the city of São Caetano, Brazil, in the metropolitan area which includes the city of São Paulo. ... Internal view of São Januário São Januários swimming pool Estádio Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, usually known as Estádio São Januário, is the home ground of Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama. ... This article is about the Brazilian city. ... A perimeter fence is a structure that circles the perimeter of an area to prevent access. ... Anthem November 15th Capital (and largest city) Rio de Janeiro Demonym Fluminense Government  -  Governor Sérgio Cabral Filho  -  Vice Governor Luís Fernando de Sousa Area  -  Total 43,696. ... Anthony William Garotinho Matheus de Oliveira (born Rio de Janeiro, 1960) is a Brazilian politician. ...

Fans of local rivals Ponte Preta and Guarani clashed and rioted at a match in Campinas in 2002. Violence had been expected, and just before kick-off, fans started fighting. Police tried to intervene but were pelted by stones. As the fighting continued inside the stadium, a railing collapsed and numerous fans fell over 13 ft (four metres) into a pit between the stands and the pitch. Over 30 people were injured.^[12] Ponte Preta is a Brazilian football club located in Campinas, São Paulo. ... Guarani Futebol Clube is a Brazilian football club located in Campinas, São Paulo. ... Nickname: Motto: Labore virtute civitas floret(Latin) Labour and virtue make the city blossom Location of Campinas Country Brazil State São Paulo Government  - Mayor Hélio de Oliveira Santos (Democrat Labour Party (Brazil)) Area  - City 797. ...

Peru

On 24 May 1964, more than 300 football fans died and another 500 were injured in Lima, Peru in a riot during an Olympic qualifying match between Argentina and Peru.^[13][14] For other uses, see Lima (disambiguation). ...

Central America

El Salvador and Honduras

El Salvador and Honduras had a brief, six day, conflict in 1969 dubbed Football War, due to three matches between the two countries that inflamed an already tense political situation. The three matches were an elimination series to decide which country would qualify for the 1970 FIFA World Cup finals. Fights broke out during the first match in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras. The situation worsened though at the second match in San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador. Fans from Honduras were attacked during and after the match, and the Honduran flag and national anthem were insulted. This incident was the catalyst that provoked the hostilities and which gave the war its name. Tensions grew worse between the two countries. Actions against Salvadoran residents in Honduras became increasingly violent. An unknown number of Salvadorans were killed or injured, and tens of thousands began fleeing the country. The media in both countries contributed to a growing climate of near-hysteria, and on 27 June 1969, Honduras broke diplomatic relations with El Salvador. Followed on the morning of 14 July 1969 by the outbreak of the brief war.^[15] Combatants El Salvador Honduras Commanders Fidel Sánchez Hernández Salvador Henríquez Oswaldo López Arellano Oscar Colindres Strength 20,000 (Army) 1,000 (Air Force) 12,000 (Army) 1,200 (Air Force) Casualties 700 (including civilians) 1,200 (including civilians) The Football War (La guerra de fútbol... The 1970 FIFA World Cup, the ninth staging of the World Cup, was held in Mexico, from May 31 to June 21. ... Tegucigalpa IPA: (Tegus for short), population 1,200,000 (2006) (metro area), is the capital of Honduras (together with Comayagüela), and the countrys largest city. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... For other uses, see San Salvador (disambiguation). ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

Mexico

Football hooliganism in Mexico appears to be low key, but there have been some incidents, such as small-scale fighting between fans of Monterrey and Morelia at a Primera División match in Monterrey in 2003.^[16] In June 1998, one man died and several people were injured when Mexican football fans rioted after the Mexico national football team lost to Germany in the World Cup, a result that eliminated Mexico from the tournament.^[17] After the match, hundreds of riot police were brought in to restore order because fans were looting and rioting. Fans then clashed with the police, and many fans were injured or arrested. Mexican fans in the United States rioted after the match in Huntington Park, Los Angeles and 40 people were arrested. Uniform Club de Fútbol Monterrey, also known as Monterrey, is a Mexican professional football club from Monterrey, Nuevo León, in the northeast of the country. ... Club Atlético Monarcas Morelia, also known as Monarcas Morelia or simply Monarcas, is a Mexican professional football club. ... The Primera División de México (Mexican First Division) is the premier football championship established by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación in the Mexican football league system. ... Nickname: Motto: El Trabajo templa el Espíritu Location of Monterrey in northern Mexico Coordinates: , Country State Founded 20 September 1596 Government  - Mayor Adalberto Madero ( PAN) Area  - City 860 km² (332 sq mi) Elevation 537 m (1,762 ft) Population (2005)  - City 1,133,814  - Density 1,989/km² (5... First international Guatemala 2-3 Mexico (Guatemala, Guatemala; 1 January 1923) Biggest win Mexico 13-0 Bahamas (Toluca, Mexico; Apr 28, 1987) Biggest defeat England 8-0 Mexico (London,England; May 10, 1961) World Cup Appearances 13 (First in 1930) Best result Quarterfinals, 1970, 1986 CONCACAF Championship & Gold Cup Appearances... -1... Huntington Park is a city located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ...

Europe

Croatia

Football hooliganism in Croatia has seen riots over inter-ethnic resentments and the politics that were reignited by the breakup of the Yugoslav federation in the 1990s.^[18] Two of the most well known hooligan firms are Torcida (Hajduk Split) and Bad Blue Boys (Dinamo Zagreb).^[19] However, the groups are not just hooligan firms, in that they are more like the South American Torcida supporters groups and Ultras groups, with organised Tifos and so on. Motto Brotherhood and Unity Anthem Hey, Slavs Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croatian (spoken throughout the territory), Slovenian, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian (all official), and languages of other nationalities. ... This is a list of recognized hooligan firms or football firms, which are groups that have been verified as participating in football hooliganism or other sports-related hooliganism. ... Torcida Split is a football supporters group, founded in 1950, who follow Croatian club Hajduk Split. ... Hajduk is one of the most famous and successful Croatian football clubs. ... Dinamo is a football club from Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia. ... Dinamo is one of the most famous and successful Croatian football clubs. ... Torcida is the organisation of football supporters of the club Hajduk Split. ... For other uses, see Ultras (disambiguation). ... Tifo consisting of a large blanket and fireworks at FC Twente - SC Heerenveen in 2002. ...

On 13 May 1990, and before the break up of Yugoslavia, Serbian club Red Star Belgrade was in Zagreb to play Dinamo Zagreb at the Maksimir Stadium. Red Star brought over 3,000 fans to the game with the late Željko Ražnatović (known as Arkan) a Serbian para-military leader being a prominent member. Before the match a number of small scale fights broke out between the Red Star Delije supporters headed by Arkan and Dinamo Zagreb Bad Blue Boys. At the match opposing fans started taunting each other with chants, before Red Star fans, all in the South Stand, started to rip out the seating to throw at Dinamo fans. The Yugoslav police present in the stadium, and stood at the opposite end of the stadium facing the Dinamo ultras in the North Stand, were alleged to have simply watched as the Red Star fans finally tore down a fence in the South Stand dividing them from Dinamo fans and attacked them, some using knives. The local Croatian ultras, who were all in the North Stand, reacted by ripping down the fence between them and the pitch, and thousands invaded the pitch, with Dinamo fans attacking the police, and some fans getting through the police ranks to attack the Red Star fans. Police reinforcements soon arrived with armoured vehicles and water cannons. The fighting however lasted for over an hour and hundreds of people were injured. The Red Star players all fled to their dressing room. However, some Dinamo players remained on the pitch, including Zvonimir Boban who kicked a policeman who was hitting a fan on the ground with a truncheon. Boban knocked the officer off his feet. The reaction to Bobans actions was swift. He became a hero in Croatia and a villain in Serbia. He received a six month suspension from the Serbian dominated Yugoslav FA, and the police brought criminal charges against him, although he was never prosecuted. In 2005, the Zagreb daily newspaper Večernji list marking the 15th anniversary of the event wrote, "The game that was never played will be remembered, at least by the soccer fans, as the beginning of the Patriotic War, and almost all of the contemporaries will declare it the key in understanding the Croatian cause."^[18] is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The name Crvena zvezda can also be applied to KK Crvena zvezda, VK Crvena zvezda, RK Crvena zvezda. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - Total 641. ... Dinamo is one of the most famous and successful Croatian football clubs. ... Maksimir Stadium (official name: Stadion Maksimir, English: Maksimir Stadium) is a stadium in the Croatian capital of Zagreb. ... Željko Ražnatović (Serbian: Жељко Ражнатовић), widely known as Arkan (Аркан), (April 17, 1952 - January 15, 2000), was a Serbian paramilitary leader accused on numerous accounts of war crimes committed during Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s. ... An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by armour and armed with weapons. ... // Water cannon of the French National Police deployed in prevision of rioting following Nicolas Sarkozys election, May 6, 2007 A water cannon is a device that shoots a high-pressure stream of water. ... Zvonimir Boban [] (born October 8, 1968) is a Croatian former football midfielder who played most of his professional career for Serie A club AC Milan and was a member of the Croatia national team, which he captained to third place at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. ... Hercules fights the Lernaean Hydra with a club A club or cudgel is perhaps the simplest of all melee weapons. ... The Football Association of Yugoslavia (FSJ) (Serbo-Croatian: Fudbalski Savez Jugoslavija) was the governing body of football in the former Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade, with a major administrative branch in Zagreb. ... Večernji list is a Croatian daily newspaper published in Zagreb. ...

Ethnic tension between Croatians and Serbs has also seen fights at a football match in Australia. On 13 March 2005,Sydney United (who have a large Croatian following, and were established by Croatian immigrants) and Bonnyrigg White Eagles (who have a large Serbian following and were established by Serbian immigrants) met in Sydney in the New South Wales Premier League. Shortly before kick off about 50 fans clashed. Two police officers were injured, and five fans arrested, with two being charged with assault. Football NSW held an inquiry into the events. Both clubs denied that the fight was racially motivated or that there was any ethnic rivalry.^[20] Sydney United Football Club are an Australian football (soccer) club from Sydney, Australia; which was established by Croatian immigrants in the area. ... // Bonnyrigg White Eagles F.C. is a football club in Sydney currently playing in the New South Wales Winter Super League. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... The Vodafone Premier League logo The New South Wales Premier League (which, for sponsorship reasons, is known as the Vodafone Premier League) is the highest State level mens football (soccer) division in New South Wales, Australia. ... Soccer NSW logo Football NSW is the governing body for football (soccer) in the Australian state of New South Wales, with the exception of the northern regions of NSW (the governing body for which is Northern New South Wales Football). ...

On 13 June 2006, there were ethnic riots in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina after the 2006 FIFA World Cup match between Croatia and Brazil in Germany. One person was shot, six police officers injured and 26 people arrested. The fighting started after the match, when Croatian fans started attacking shop windows and vehicles in the Spanish Square in Mostar, and a group of mostly Bosniaks from the Eastern part of Mostar clashed with them. The fighting lasted for hours before riot police finally threw tear gas to break up the groups.^[21] Mostar (Мостар) is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. ... 2006 World Cup redirects here. ... Language(s) Bosnian Religion(s) Predominantly Sunni Islam Related ethnic groups Slavs (South Slavs) The Bosniaks or Bosniacs[1] (Bosnian: Bošnjaci, IPA: ) are a South Slavic people, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ...

Denmark

Hooliganism in Denmark appears to be low level, with some football-related violence, but on a smaller scale than in some countries. In Denmark, the non-violent roligan fan culture has grown, which has led to a reduction in hooligan activity.^[22][23] A study on football in Denmark by H Eichberg, in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, included a section analyzing the differences between roligans and hooligans.^[24] Ultras at FC Twente - SC Heerenveen in 2002 Hooliganism is unruly and destructive behaviour, usually by gangs of young people. ...

France

In March 2006 it was stated that football hooliganism in France, which appears to be at least partly rooted in social conflicts and a rise in racism, had risen dramatically over the past year, and that much of it was being blamed on the fans of Paris St. Germain (PSG) who often fight each other over racial divides.^[25] PSG are known to have a minority of far right racist fans, with black players receiving racist chants and insults and gangs of white fans fighting black and Arab fans during and after matches.^[26][27] The hooligan problem at PSG deteriorated in the 1990s as the club itself was competing well in European competitions, reaching the UEFA Champions League 1994-95 semi-final and winning the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1995-96, and being runners-up in the same competition the following year. Against this backdrop the PSG hooligans fought with hooligans from Belgium, England, Germany, Italy, Scotland.^[28] Social conflict is a conflict or confrontation of social powers. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... F.C. Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) are a French football club based in Paris. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... The season 1994-95 of the European UEFA Champions League football club tournament was won by Ajax Amsterdam with a late goal in the final against AC Milan. ... The season 1994-95 of the European Cup Winners Cup was won by Paris Saint-Germain in the final against Austrian entrants SK Rapid Wien. ...

In early 2006 it was stated that at PSG's Parc des Princes stadium, their fans divide along racial lines in two different sections of stands — the Kop of Boulogne (KOB) behind one goal and the Tribune d’Auteuil behind the other. Boulogne is nearly entirely Caucasian and Auteuil is multiracial. And fans often fight each other, with in the 2005-05 season, two all-white hooligan groups — the Independents and the Casual Firm — having fought with increasing ferocity with the multiethnic group, called Tigris Mystic.^[28] The Parc des Princes (translation: Princes Park) is a 48527 capacity stadium in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. ...

One report stated that interviews with gang members and repeated visits to the stadium for PSG matches found that racist hooligans operate openly and with almost total impunity. That stadium hosted some matches during the 1998 World Cup, which France won with a team dominated by black players, many from former colonies in Africa.^[28]

In October 2000, PSG stated that they were prepared to close a stand used by visiting fans after an Olympique de Marseille fan was seriously injured after being hit by a seat thrown from another stand in the Parc des Princes. It was also stated that although relatively few fans travel to away matches in France, when compared to some other countries, the often bitter rivalry between PSG and Marseille sometimes turned violent.^[29] Olympique de Marseille(also known as lOM or Marseille) is a football team that plays in Ligue 1, the top level of the French Football League, based in Marseille. ...

On 24 May 2001, fifty people were injured when fighting broke out at a match between PSG and Turkish club, Galatasaray at the Parc des Princes stadium. UEFA launched an immediate investigation with the possibility of serious penalties on the club.^[30] PSG were initially given a record $571,000 fine, but it was reduced on appeal to $114,000 after the French club insisted that it had taken precautions to prevent a possible outbreak of fan violence during the match. Galatasaray, initially fined $114,000 by UEFA, eventually had its penalty reduced to $28,500.^[31] is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... For other uses of Galatasaray, see Galatasaray (disambiguation) Galatasaray Spor Kulübü (also referred to as Galatasaray SK, Galatasaray AS or simply Galatasaray) is a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, famous for its football section. ... The Union Européenne de Football Association or Union of European Football Associations in English, almost always referred to by the acronym UEFA (pronounced (you-AY-fuh) or (oo-Ay-fuh) or ), is the administrative and controlling body for European football. ...

In May 2001, six PSG fans, identified as members of an official Supporters Club, were arrested and charged with assault, carrying weapons, throwing missiles on the pitch and racism. The six were alleged to have deliberately entered a part of the Parc des Princes stadium where French fans of Turkish origin were standing, in order to attack them. The six were banned from all football stadiums for the duration of their trial. Footage from surveillance cameras at Parc des Princes stadium had helped investigators to identify the fans involved in the violence.^[31]

Initial reports after the match reported that there had been 56 injuries, of which, 55 were French. The impression from that being that it was the Galatasary fans who had been the main cause of, and had started the fighting. However, Turkish press reports, would imply that there was a disaster waiting to happen in the Parc des Princes Stadium and if one side had not started it the other would have done. And that photographic evidence would prove that the figure of 55 French and one Turkish injury were absurd. Pictures clearly showing that both sets of fans were fighting, and Galatasary fans were being beaten, by PSG fans, with sticks. The sticks being taken from flags and banners waved by fans. However, reports from before the match stated that Galatasary fans had been prevented from taking any flags or banners into the stadium on sticks, all of which were removed before they entered. Yet PSG fans were allowed to take flags and banners on sticks into the stadium, the report also stated. The Turkish press accused the security, media and PSG club of attempting to cover this up.^[32]

On 24 November 2006 a PSG fan was shot dead by police and another seriously injured during fighting between PSG fans and the police, after a PSG lost 4-2 to Israeli club Hapoel Tel Aviv in the Parc des Prince in a UEFA Cup match. 100 PSG fans chased a French fan of Hapoel of Jewish origin, shouting racist and anti-semitic slogans. A black plain clothes police officer who tried to protect the French fan of Hapoel, was also attacked. He then fired tear gas, before he drew his gun and, amid scenes of chaos, one fan was shot dead and another seriosuly injured. The Hapoel fan and his family were given increased protection by the local authorities in the Paris suburb of Sarcelles in case of reprisal attacks. Reports stated that the PSG fans had chanted "filthy Jew" at the Hapoel fan and "filthy black" at the police officer, and that they also gave Nazi salutes and made monkey noises. The French Interior Minister, Nicolas Sarkozy held a crisis meeting with the president of the French Football League, Frederic Thiriez to discuss the incident and the wider issue of racism and violence in French football. The director-general of the French police, Michel Gaudin, insisted that measures they had recently taken against football hooliganism had already begun to have an effect, with racist incidents involving football fans dropping to six that season from nineteen over the same period in the previous season. Gaudin also stated that approximately 300 known hooligans could face being banned from football matches.^[26] The French newspaper, Le Parisien called the attack on the Hapoel fan a cocktail of racism, anti-semitism and human beastliness.^[27] is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Hapoel Tel Aviv (‎) is an Israeli football club that competes in Ligat haAl, the primary Israeli football league. ... The UEFA Cup (also known as European Cup 3, CE3 or C3) is a football competition for European club teams, organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Sarcelles is a large outlying satellite town of Paris, in the Val-dOise département. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Nicolas Sarkozy at Paris, May 2005. ... Le Parisien (The Parisian) is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris and suburbs. ...

The fan who was shot, was linked with the Boulogne Boys, a group of fans who modelled themselves on British hooligans in the 1980s. The groups name coming from the Kop of Boulogne (KOB), one of the two main Home fan stand at the Parc des Prince. The KOB themselves held a silent memorial march attended by 300 and accused the police office of murdering the fan. They cited bias in the French press who had only given a "one-sided" account of the incident.^[26]

French President Jacques Chirac condemned violence that led up to the shooting, stating that he was horrified by the reports of racism and anti-Semitism. And French Prime Minister, Dominique de Villepin called for new, tougher measures to deal with football hooligans. Prosecutors opened an inquiry into the incident, to determine whether the officer involved should face criminal charges.^[33][34] “Chirac” redirects here. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Dominique de Villepin (born Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (IPA: —  ) on 14 November 1953 in Rabat, Morocco) served as the Prime Minister of France from May 31, 2005 to May 17, 2007. ...

Before a home match against Sochaux on 4 January 2006, two Arab youths were punched and kicked by white fans outside the entrance to the KOB. It was alleged that the stewards, all white, stood chatting and did not intervene. During the match racist insults were aimed at black players. One PSG player of Indian origin, Vikash Dhorasoo, who is also a French international, was told by one fan to "“go sell peanuts in the metro".^[28] FC Sochaux is a French football team, playing in the town of Montbéliard. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Whites redirects here. ... Vikash Dhorasoo (Telugu:వికాష్ దొరసూ) (born October 10, 1973 in Harfleur) is a French professional football midfielder, who is currently signed to Italian Serie A side Livorno. ...

On 7 March 2006, three PSG supporters were convicted for unfurling a racist banner at a match in February 2005, that was being held as part of an anti-racism campaign. The fans were banned from the stadium for three years, and fined between US$90 and $1,200.^[28] is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Prior to the 2006 World Cup Finals in Germany, concerns were raised that the competition would attract far-right groups and racist thugs. One report cited how the "seething ethnic hatred and beer-fueled ethnic brawls at Parc des Princes are a chilling reminder of how the “beautiful game” still manages to draw out the ugliest in human nature".^[28] (Redirected from 2006 World Cup) The final stages of Football World Cup 2006 are scheduled to take place in Germany between 9 June and 9 July. ...

In February 2007 Lille OSC fans were involved in disturbances with Manchester United fans at their UEFA Champions League match in Lille. Both clubs were fined by UEFA.^[35] Lille Olympique Sporting Club is a French football club. ... Manchester Uniteds emblem Manchester United F.C. (often abbreviated to Man United or just Man U, pronounced man-yoo) is an English football club based at Old Trafford in Greater Manchester. ... The UEFA Champions League 2006-07 was the 52nd edition of the European championship football club tournament and 15th edition under the current UEFA Champions League format. ...

Germany

Football hooliganism in Germany has at times been linked to neo-Nazism. Leading up to the 1998 World Cup finals, German football hooligans were reputed to have one of the worst reputations in Europe, with fans of the German national team often being linked to far right groups^[36] The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... -1... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ...

In June 1998, after a FIFA World Cup match in Lens, France, between Germany and Yugoslavia, a French policeman, Daniel Nivel, received massive head injuries when he was repeatedly kicked and hit with a weapon during violent clashes with German fans. Following the incident in Lens, German football hooligans were warned to stay away from Germany's second round match in the tournament against Mexico in Montpellier. German police contacted many of the known 2,000+ German hooligans to warn them they would be arrested if they travelled to France. Police were concerned that neo-Nazi groups would try to cause trouble in Montpellier.^[37] The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the mens national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the... Lens is commune in northern France, in the Pas-de-Calais département. ... First international Czechoslovakia 7 - 0 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Antwerp, Belgium; 28 August 1920) Last International as SFR Yugoslavia[2] Netherlands 2 - 0 Yugoslavia (Amsterdam, Netherlands; 25 March 1992) Biggest win Yugoslavia 10 - 1 India (Helsinki, Finland; 15 July 1952) Yugoslavia 9 - 0 Zaire (Gelsenkirchen, Germany; 18 June... Montpellier (Occitan Montpelhièr) is a city in the south of France. ...

As a result of the incident in Lens, France, a German fan was arrested in July 1998 and charged with attempted murder and causing serious injury.^[38][39] In November 1999, four more Germans were convicted for their part in the beating of the French policeman, who had suffered brain damage from the assault. The main defendant, Andre Zawacki, was found guilty of attempted murder and sentenced to ten years in jail. The other three defendants were convicted of grievous bodily harm and given jail sentences of between six months and three-and-a-half years.^[40] In May 2001, Markus Warnecke, the German fan who was accused of leading the attack, was found guilty of deliberate violence leading to the policeman's injuries at a French court and jailed for five years. Warnecke was also banned from France for ten years, and from all sports facilities for five years.^[41]

In March 2005, German football fans fought with police and rival fans before, during and after a friendly match between Germany and Slovenia in Celje, Slovenia. The German Football Association (DFB) apologised for the behaviour. German fans had damaged cars and shops, shouted racist slogans, and fought with both the police and rival fans. German officials had warned the local authorities that 200 to 250 known hooligans were in Celje for the match. As a result, 52 people were arrested; 40 Germans and 12 Slovenians.^[42][43] An exhibition game (also known as an exhibition match or simply exhibition, or a demonstration or demo event) is a sporting event in which there is no competitive value of any significant kind to any competitor (such as tournament or season rankings, or prize money) regardless of the outcome of... Area: 94,9 km² Population  - males  - females 48. ... The German Football Association (DFB) (German: Deutscher Fußball-Bund) is the governing body of football in Germany. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota...

Following a low key 2-0 defeat to Slovakia in Bratislava, Slovakia, German hooligans fought with the local police. Six people were injured and two were taken into custody. The DFB again apologised for the fans who had again chanted racist slogans. The match had been watched by a sparse crowd of 9,000 in a stadium that holds over 30,000.^[44] , Nickname: Beauty on the Danube Country  Slovakia Region Districts Rivers Elevation 134 m (440 ft) Coordinates , Highest point Devínska Kobyla  - elevation 514 m (1,686 ft) Lowest point Danube River  - elevation 126 m (413 ft) Area 367. ...

In June 2006, Germany beat Poland in a World Cup Finals match in Dortmund, a result that meant Germany qualified for the second round in the finals. The match was marred by violent clashes between German and Polish fans. The police detained over 300 people in Dortmund after clashes broke out prior to the match. German fans threw chairs, bottles and fireworks at the police as they tried to move fans out of the city centre. Smaller groups of German and Polish fans fought with each other in separate clashes. Of the 300 arrested, 120 were known hooligans.^[45] (Redirected from 2006 World Cup) The final stages of Football World Cup 2006 are scheduled to take place in Germany between 9 June and 9 July. ... Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. ... For other uses, see Fireworks (disambiguation). ...

In October 2006, Theo Zwanziger (president of the DFB) and Werner Hackmann (president of Bundesliga) held a crisis meeting following violence at several German lower-division matches. A special task force was established to deal with violence and racism in German football stadiums. The worst incident took place at a Third division (North) match between the Hertha BSC Berlin B-team and Dynamo Dresden. At that game, 23 policemen were injured after Dynamo Dresden fans tried to invade the pitch, and threw missiles (including gas cartridges and plastic seats) at police. The police responded with batons and pepper spray. At a Second Division match between FC Augsburg and 1860 Munich, 21 people were arrested and police used pepper spray to disperse fans. In addition, 70 amateur and youth matches in Siegen-Wittgenstein were called off when referees refused to take to the pitch, fearing for their safety.^[46] The Fußball-Regionalliga (regional league) is the name of the 3rd division football league in Germany. ... Hertha BSC Berlin is a German football club based in Berlin. ... Dynamo Dresden are a German football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. ... Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from Oleoresin Capsicum), OC gas, capsicum spray, or oleoresin capsicum) is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and even temporary blindness) that is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense, including defense... The 2nd Bundesliga is the Second Division of professional football in Germany. ... FC Augsburg is a German football club based in Augsburg, Bavaria. ... TSV München von 1860, commonly known as 1860 Munich is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. ... Siegen-Wittgenstein is a Kreis (district) in the south-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

In February 2007 in Saxony, all German lower league matches, from the fifth division downward were cancelled after about 800 fans attacked 300 police officers (injuring 39 of them) after a match between Lokomotive Leipzig and Erzgebirge Aue II.^[47] Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DED Capital Dresden Minister-President Georg Milbradt (CDU) Governing parties CDU / SPD Votes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69) Basic statistics Area  18,416 km² (7,110 sq mi) Population 4,252,000 (11/2006)[1]  - Density 231 /km... 1. ... FC Erzgebirge Aue is a football club in the German Bundesliga, based in Aue,Saxony. ...

Greece

In April 2007 all sports stadiums were closed down in Greece for two weeks following the death of a fan in a pre-arranged fight between hooligans in Athens on 29 March. The fight involved 500 fans of rival Super League Greece clubs Panathinaikos who are based in Athens and Olympiacos who are based in nearby Piraeus. The Greek government immediately suspended all team sports in Greece and severed the ties between teams and their Supporters Clubs.^[48] This article is about the capital of Greece. ... For other sports leagues which may be referred to by this name, see List of professional sports leagues. ... Panathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos (Greek: Παναθηναϊκός Αθλητικός Όμιλος,  ), widely known both as Panathinaikos or PAO, is a Greek multisport club based in Athens, Greece. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ... It has been suggested that Kaminia (Piraeus), Greece be merged into this article or section. ... The Politics of Greece takes place in a large parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Greece is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

After a Second Division match on 15 April 2007, between Kallithea and Messiniakos, about fifty fans attacked the Messiniakos coach, Eduardo Amorin and other members of the teams coaching staff. On the same day a Third Division between Panetolikos and Ilioupoli was stopped for thirty minutes when players and fans clashed following a Panetolikos disallowed goal. Two players and a coach were sent to hospital.^[49] On 18 April rival fans clashed with each other and riot police in Ioannina during and after a Greek Cup semi final match between local rivals PAS Giannina and Larissa. There was trouble during the game which Larissa won 2-0, and after fans set fire to rubbish bins and smashed shop windows with police firing tear gas in order to disperse them.^[48] Second Division (Greek: Δεύτερη Εθνική) is the second highest professional football league in Greece. ... Kallithea FC (Kallithea, Athens, Greece, in Greek Γ.Σ. Καλλιθέα) [1] was founded in 1966 from the amalgamation of four local football (soccer) clubs: Esperos [2] (played in Greek Division 1 in years 1948-49, 1949-50 and 1954-55), Iraklis (Hercules), AE Kallitheas... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The first version of this article has been based in the text of el: of the Greek Wikipedia published under GFDL. Third Division (Greek: Τρίτη Εθνική) is the lowest professional football league in Greece. ... Panetolikos is a football club based in Agrinio, Greece. ... GS Ilioupoli is a football club based in Ilioupoli, Athens, Greece. ... This article is about the Greek city. ... The Greek Football Cup (Greek: ), commonly known as the Greek Cup, is a knockout cup competition in Greek football, run by and named after Hellenic Football Federation. ... PAS (A Greek language acronym translating to “Panepirote Athletic Society”) is a football club based in the northwestern lakeside town of Ioannina, the capital of Greece’s Epirus region. ... AEL 1964 (Greek: Αθλητική Ένωση Λάρισας 1964 - Athlitiki Enosi Larisas 1964), the Athletic Union of Larisa 1964, is a Greek association football club based in the city of Larisa, capital of Greeces Thessaly region. ... A waste container (known more commonly in British English as a dustbin, rubbish-bin or simply bin, and American English as a trash can) is a container, which is usually made out of metal or plastic. ...

At a Second Division match on 27 January, 2008 between Ethnikos Piraeus and Panserraikos, about 50 fans of Ethnikos invaded the pitch after the final whistle, attacking the referee and the police protecting him.^{[citation needed]} The police escorted him to the dressing room. However, about 80 hooligans then invaded the dressing rooms and attacked the referee, who eventually lost consciousness.^{[citation needed]} The hooligans eventually left after throwing stones at the police.^{[citation needed]} Ethnikos Piraeus, or the second great team of Piraeus as they were once known, may have fallen into hard times recently but they boast of a great history. ... Panserraikos FC is a professional Greek football club based in Serres, Greece. ...

Italy

Hooliganism in Italy started in the 1970s, and increased in the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, becoming a serious problem for Italian football. Italian ultras have very well organized groups that fight against other football supporters and the Italian Police and Carabinieri, using also knives and baseball bats at many matches of Serie A and lower championships. Italy is one of the worlds leading football nations. ... For other uses, see Ultras (disambiguation). ... One of the Lamborghini Gallardo of the Polizia Stradale Police trucks in Venice Railway Station The Polizia di Stato (State Police) is one of the national police forces of Italy. ... The Carabinieri are the military police of Italy. ... traditional Norse knife A knife is a sharp-edged hand tool used for cutting. ... In baseball, a bat is a round, smooth stick used in hitting the ball after the ball is thrown by the pitcher. ... This article is about the Italian football league. ...

Football hooliganism in Italy often has parochial and political connotations.^[50] Many team supporters consider other team supporters as enemies, and some clubs associated with hooliganism are Atalanta B.C., Brescia Calcio, Hellas Verona F.C., A.S. Livorno Calcio, AS Roma, S.S. Lazio, S.S.C. Napoli, Salernitana Calcio 1919, S.S. Cavese 1919, Taranto Sport, Calcio Catania, U.S. Città di Palermo, Internazionale, F.C. Messina, as well as several clubs in lower championship series. Now the major clubs, such as A.C. Milan and Juventus F.C. are less related with hooliganism. Parochialism means being provincial, being narrow in scope, or considering only small sections of an issue. ... For other uses, see Politics (disambiguation). ... Hooligan redirects here. ... Atalanta B.C. (Atalanta Bergamasca Calcio, sometimes called Atalanta Bergamo) is an Italian football club based in Bergamo, Lombardy. ... Brescia Calcio is a football club based in Brescia, Lombardy. ... Hellas Verona Football Club S.p. ... Associazione Sportiva Livorno Calcio is a football club based in Livorno, Tuscany. ... A.S. Roma (Associazione Sportiva Roma) is a Italian football club. ... Società Sportiva Lazio, commonly referred to SS Lazio or simply Lazio, is an Italian professional sports club most noted for its football section, founded in 1900 and based in Rome. ... Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli, commonly referred to as simply Napoli or the abbreviation SSC Napoli, is an Italian professional football club based in Naples, Campania that was originally founded in 1904. ... Old logo of Salernitana Sport Salernitana Calcio 1919 is an Italian football club based in Salerno, Campania. ... S.S. Cavese 1919 is an Italian football club, based in Cava de Tirreni, Campania. ... Taranto Sport is an Italian football club, based in Taranto, Apulia. ... Calcio Catania is an Italian football club founded in 1908 and are based in Catania, Sicily. ... Unione Sportiva Città di Palermo is an Italian football club from Palermo, Sicily which currently plays in Serie A, the top level of Italian football. ... Internazionale Milano Football Club is an Italian football club based in Milan, which plays in the Serie A (first division). ... F.C. Messina is an Italian football club based in Messina, Sicily. ... Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to by the abbreviation AC Milan or simply Milan, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy. ... Juventus redirects here. ...

Common actions by Italian hooligans have included pitch invasions and the throwing of objects onto the field or against opponents. These weapons include stones, heavy marbles, staves, Molotov cocktails, flares, fireworks, firecrackers, paper firebombs, stadium seats, taps stolen from the stadium toilets, flagpoles, pipes, knives, baseball bats, nightsticks, and traffic signs. These riots have forced referees to suspend many matches. Italian hooligans usually hold flags and sing football chants that encourage violence and riots, and some songs are racist against black players and include ethnic slurs. A pitch invasion occurs when a crowd of people who are watching a sports game run onto the field, to celebrate or protest about an incident, for example in games of football or cricket. ... This article is about the geological substance. ... Hand-made marbles from West Africa Different glass marbles from a glass-mill For other uses, see Marbles (disambiguation). ... For other uses of the word staff, see staff. ... Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ... A World War I-era parachute flare dropped from aircraft for illumination. ... Fourth of July fireworks in San Diego, California New Years Day fireworks at Seaport Village, California Preparing fireworks at Sayn Castle 4th of July fireworks in Portland, Oregon Fireworks at Epcot Center, Florida, USA. See the Video. ... For other uses, see Firecracker (disambiguation). ... Spigot redirects here. ... A flag is a piece of cloth flown from a pole or mast, usually intended for signaling or identification. ... Pipe is a tube or hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluid, gas and sometimes other materials. ... This article is about the tool. ... Four historically significant baseball bats showcased in the National Baseball Hall of Fames traveling exhibit Baseball As America. ... “Truncheon” redirects here. ... Unused traffic signs in Austria Most countries post signage, known as traffic signs or road signs, at the side of roads to impart information to road users. ... This article is about refereeing in sports. ... A football chant, also referred to as terrace chants, is a term that refers to songs or chants sung at football matches. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... Though most indigenous Africans possess relatively dark skin, they exhibit much variation in physical appearance. ... A slur can be anything from an insinuation or critical remark to an insult. ...

In 1999, four supporters of Salernitana Calcio 1919 died on a train in a fire caused by fireworks, In 2001, a scooter was thrown down in San Siro Stadium, Milan. On February 2, 2007, rioting resulted in all Italian football fixtures being suspended, after a police officer was killed during a match between Calcio Catania and U.S. Città di Palermo (see 2007 Catania football violence). At first it was alleged that the officer was killed by a homemade bomb, but it was later reported that damage to his liver was caused by blunt force trauma. An additional 120 people, including police and Carabinieri, were wounded. Old logo of Salernitana Sport Salernitana Calcio 1919 is an Italian football club based in Salerno, Campania. ... For other uses, see Fireworks (disambiguation). ... A modern scooter The Piaggio MP3. ... The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, also known as the San Siro, is a football stadium in Milan, Italy, located at geographical coordinates . ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Calcio Catania is an Italian football club founded in 1908 and are based in Catania, Sicily. ... Unione Sportiva Città di Palermo is an Italian football club from Palermo, Sicily which currently plays in Serie A, the top level of Italian football. ... TV images showed the violent clashes (SKY Sports) On February 2, 2007, football violence occurred between football supporters and the police in Catania, Italy. ... The Carabinieri are the military police of Italy. ...

In February 2001, AS Romas fans, angered by the closure of gates into the ground, fought with police just before their UEFA Cup match against Liverpool. Police responded by firing tear gas. Five Liverpool fans were stabbed.^[51] In December 2001, police had to use tear gas after fighting broke out at a Champions League match between AS Roma and Liverpool. Four Liverpool fans were stabbed.^[52]

In March 2006 three fans of English club Middlesbrough were stabbed before the club's UEFA Cup clash against AS Roma in Rome. The attack was blamed on Roma ultras.^[53] For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the town in North East England. ... The UEFA Cup (also known as European Cup 3, CE3 or C3) is a football competition for European club teams, organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). ... A.S. Roma (Associazione Sportiva Roma) is a Italian football club. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...

In January 2007, the president of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) threatened to halt all league football in the country after a weekend of violence. An official of amateur club Sammartinese died when he was caught up in a fight between players and fans in Luzzi at a match between Sammartinese and Cancellese. In Florence, a Livorno fan needed 20 stitches in his head after being attacked by Fiorentina fans. About 100 Atalanta fans who tried to attack coaches carrying Catania fans, fought with police. And a Serie D game between Genzano and Normanna was suspended early in the second half after a linesman was hit by a drum thrown from the stands.^[54] Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

In February 2007 the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) suspended all football matches indefinitely following the killing of a policeman at the Serie A Sicilian derby match between Catania and Palermo. The match had to be suspended after an hour when tear gas that had been used by police to break up fighting outside the ground drifted onto the pitch. The fighting was alleged to have started when Palermo fans could not get into the ground until the second half. After the match fans fought with the police outside the ground, with about 100 people treated for injuries. The policeman, Officer Filippo Raciti, died when he was struck in the face by a small explosive as the police were trying to deal with the fighting outside the ground.^[55] The Roman Odeon. ... Location of the city of Palermo (red dot) within Italy. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ...

On 4 April 2007 AS Roma and Manchester United fans were involved in clashes during UEFA Champions League match. Roma and Manchester United fans were separated in one area of the ground by a plastic barrier, with riot police positioned only on the English fans side. After each goal both sets of fans surged toward the barrier, with at one stage the riot police repeatedly striking Manchester United fans with batons and shields. No Roma fans were similarly struck by the riot police as they had no presence on the Roma fans side of the barrier. One Manchester United fan was stabbed on his way to the match, and eleven fans taken to hospital. Two Roma fans also received hospital treatment. Despite UEFA promising to investigate the incident, and the British Home Office Minister, Vernon Coaker, calling for answers to whether the Italian police were justified, the head of Rome police, Achille Serra, claimed that the police action was justified and that there would be no inquiry, unless he was shown evidence of alleged police brutality. And this, despite live TV pictures during the match, showing riot police allegedly hitting Manchester United indiscriminately fans whilst taking what seemed to be no action against Roma fans.^[56] is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... A.S. Roma (Associazione Sportiva Roma) is a Italian football club. ... Manchester Uniteds emblem Manchester United F.C. (often abbreviated to Man United or just Man U, pronounced man-yoo) is an English football club based at Old Trafford in Greater Manchester. ...

Netherlands

It is a common belief that football hooliganism in the Netherlands began in earnest after largescale rioting between supporters of Feyenoord and English club Tottenham Hotspur at the 1974 UEFA Cup Final.^{[citation needed]} Since then, several Netherlands clubs have been associated with hooliganism, such as AFC Ajax, Feyenoord, FC Utrecht and Ado Den Haag. The biggest rivalry is between Ajax and Feyenoord.^{[citation needed]} On 16 June, 1990, English fans were arrested for brawling in Amsterdam before a friendly match.^[57] The most violent football hooligan encounter has been the Battle of Beverwijk on 23 March, 1997, in which several people were seriously injured and Carlo Picornie was killed.^[58] On 26 April, 1999, 80 football fans were arrested when Feyenoord supporters rioted after a cup match with NAC Breda.^[59] The 2002-03 season was marked by continued fighting between fans of Ajax and FC Utrecht, and between fans of Ajax and Feyenoord.^[60] In 2006, a riot broke out between Dutch (Feyenoord) and French (AS Nancy) football fans.^[61] Feyenoord team practice session in 2002. ... Current season Tottenham Hotspur Football Club is an English professional football club which currently plays in the Premier League. ... The UEFA Cup (also known as European Cup 3, CE3 or C3) is a football competition for European club teams, organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). ... Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax (Euronext: AJAX), also referred to as AFC Ajax, or simply Ajax, is a professional football club from Amsterdam, Netherlands. ... Feyenoord team practice session in 2002. ... FC Utrecht is a Dutch football club founded on July 1, 1970. ... ADO Den Haag (ADO stands for Alles Door Oefening, Everything Through Practice) is the main football club in the city of The Hague. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... NAC Breda is a Dutch football club from Breda. ... FC Utrecht is a Dutch football club founded on July 1, 1970. ... AS Nancy-Lorraine is a French football club, based in Nancy. ...

Norway

Hooliganism is a rather new and rare phenomenon in Norway.^{[citation needed]} Teams such as Vålerenga I.F., Lillestrøm S.K., Hamarkameratene, Tønsberg, S.K. Brann, Viking F.K. and Fredrikstad F.K. are said to have some form of hooligan firms or casuals. In Oslo, there are sometimes incidents of hooliganism related to inter-city matches (Vålerenga, FC Lyn Oslo, Stabæk I.F. and Lillestrøm S.K.) and matches between Vålerenga and Brann.^{[citation needed]} There have been incidents of racism, such as when the black American player, Robbie Russell, was spat at by angry Brann fans, while playing for Sogndal in a Norwegian Premier League match.^{[citation needed]} Hooligan redirects here. ... VÃ¥lerenga I.F. is a Norwegian football club from Oslo, founded in 1913. ... Lillestrøm Sportsklubb is a Norwegian football club from the city of Lillestrøm. ... {{. Ham-Kam were most recently promoted to the Norwegian Premier League in 2003, but were relegated in 2006. ... County District Viken Municipality NO-0704 Administrative centre Tønsberg Mayor (2004) Per Arne Olsen (FrP) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 381 107 km² 106 km² 0. ... SK Brann (most often called Brann, sometimes (incorrectly) Brann Bergen) is a Norwegian football club from the city of Bergen. ... Viking F.K. is a Norwegian football club from the city of Stavanger. ... Fredrikstad Fotballklubb (also known as Fredrikstad or FFK) is a Norwegian football club from the town of Fredrikstad. ... This article is about the hooligan subculture. ... This article is about the capital of Norway. ... VÃ¥lerenga I.F. is a Norwegian football club from Oslo, founded in 1913. ... F.C. Lyn Oslo is a Norwegian football club from Oslo established in 1896. ... Playing squad 1 Jon Knudsen 3 Jørgen Pettersen 4 Mike Kjølø 5 Markus Karlsson 6 Tom Stenvoll 7 Henning Hauger 8 Jesper Jansson 9 Trond Haugstad 10 Veigar Pall Gunnarsson 11 Daniel Nannskog 12 Espen Isaksen 13 Torbjørn Melhuus 14 Christian Sund 15 Morten M. Skjønsberg... Lillestrøm Sportsklubb is a Norwegian football club from the city of Lillestrøm. ... VÃ¥lerenga I.F. is a Norwegian football club from Oslo, founded in 1913. ... SK Brann (most often called Brann, sometimes (incorrectly) Brann Bergen) is a Norwegian football club from the city of Bergen. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Robbie Russell Robert Isaac Oleen Russell (born July 16, 1979 in Accra, Ghana) is an American soccer right back, who currently plays for Rosenborg B.K. of the Norwegian Premier League. ... SK Brann (most often called Brann, sometimes (incorrectly) Brann Bergen) is a Norwegian football club from the city of Bergen. ... Sogndal Fotball (formerly known as Sogndal I.L.) is a Norwegian football club from Sogndal in Sogn og Fjordane. ... The Norwegian Premier League is the top division for football (soccer) in Norway. ...

Poland

Further information: Football Hooliganism in Poland

Arranged football hooligan fights in Poland are known as ustawka. They became common in Poland in the late 1990s.^{[citation needed]}. On 30 March 2003, it was reported that Polish police arrested 120 people because rival football supporters fought during a match between Slask Wroclaw and Arka Gdynia.^[62] During the riot, hooligans pelted police officers with stones and fought a running battle with knives and axes. One victim was found lying seriously injured at the scene, and later died in hospital. During the UEFA Cup 1998-99, Italian footballer Dino Baggio, from Parma F.C. was hit with a knife in the head by Wisla Krakow supporters.^[63] Football hooliganism in Poland first developed as a recognised phenomenon in the 1970s, and has continued since then with numerous recognised hooligan firms and large scale fights. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An emblem of Policja Policja is the generic name for the police in Poland. ... Śląsk Wrocław is a Polish football club based in Wrocław, Poland. ... Arka Gdynia is a Polish football club based in Gdynia, Poland. ... The WrocÅ‚aw football riot 2003 was an organised fight between Polish football hooligans in WrocÅ‚aw, Lower Silesia Poland on 30 March 2003. ... Hooligan redirects here. ... The UEFA Cup 1998-99 was won by Parma comfortably in the final against Marseille. ... Dino Baggio (born July 24, 1971 in Camposampiero) is an Italian football (soccer) defensive midfielder. ... Parma Football Club (formerly Parma Associazione Calcio) is an Italian football club based in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, currently playing in the Serie A. The club plays its home matches in the 29,050 seat Stadio Ennio Tardini. ... Wisła Kraków is a Polish football club based in Krakow, Poland. ...

Russia

Football hooliganism has become prevalent in Russia since the beginning of the 90s. Russian hooligans often have an underlying resentment towards Russia's perceived political rivals.^{[64][65][66][67][68][69]}

Serbia

Football hooligans associated with the former Yugoslav states rioted over the inter-ethnic resentments that were re-ignited by the breakup of the Yugoslav federation in the 1990s. The most prominent groups of hooligans are associated with Belgrade and Serbia's two main clubs, Red Star Belgrade and FK Partizan. They are known as the Delije (Heroes) and Grobari (Undertakers), respectively. These two terms also refer to the supporters of the two clubs. FK Rad is a less-successful Belgrade club, whose associated hooligans, known locally as "United Force", have notoriously been involved in many violent incidents. This group is also known as supporters of nazi ideas.^[70][71] For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ... Anthem:  Serbia() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Albanian 2 Demonym Serbian Government Parliamentary Democracy  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica    -  First state 7th century   -  Serbian Kingdom3 1217   -  Serbian Empire 1345   -  Independence lost... The name Crvena zvezda can also be applied to KK Crvena zvezda, VK Crvena zvezda, RK Crvena zvezda. ... Football Club Partizan (Serbian: ФК Партизан, Fudbalski klub Partizan) is a football club from Belgrade, Serbia. ... Delije (Serbian Cyrillic: Делије) is the name given to supporters of The Sports Association Red Star Belgrade. ... Grobari (Serbian Cyrillic: Гробари) are supporters of the Belgrade football club Partizan Belgrade. ... FK Rad (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Рад) is a football club from Belgrade, Serbia. ...

On 2nd December 2007, a plain clothes police officer was seriously injured when he was attacked during a Serbian Superliga match between Red Star Belgrade and Hajduk Kula. The officer was attacked with burning flares and broken seats and he had to fire warning shots in the air in self defence. He was treated for burns, cuts and bruises in a nearby hospital. The following day, the Football Association of Serbia requested government help to help crack down on football hooliganism in the country.^[72] Serbian Superliga (Serbian: Меридијан Суперлига or Meridian Superliga) is the top football league in Serbia. ... Crvena zvezda redirects here. ... FK Hajduk Rodić M&B Kula (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Хајдук Родић МБ Кула) is a football club from Kula, Serbia. ... The Football Association of Serbia (FSS) (Serbian Cyrilic: Фудбалски савез Србије) is the governing body of football in Serbia, based in Belgrade. ...

On April 14, 2008 a football fan was killed near Novi Sad after clashes between FK Partizan's Grobari and fans of FK Vojvodina.^[73] That same week, after a Red Star Belgrade-Partizan cup match, three people were injured and a bus destroyed by hooligans.^[74] is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation). ... Football Club Partizan (Serbian: ФК Партизан, Fudbalski klub Partizan) is a football club from Belgrade, Serbia. ... Grobari (Serbian Cyrillic: Гробари) are supporters of the Belgrade football club Partizan Belgrade. ... FK Vojvodina (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Војводина) is a football club from Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. ...

During the Yugoslav wars, a Serb paramilitary group called "Arkanovi Tigrovi" (Tigers of Arkan) was founded, the members were taken from the Serbian firms of Partizan and Crvena Zvezda. Željko Ražnatović or in Serbian Cyrillic writing Жељко Ражњатовић, (April 17, 1952 - January 15, 2000), widely known as Arkan or Аркан, was a Serbian paramilitary leader, nationalistic politician, assembly representative, folk hero, owner of a soccer club, shady businessman, mafia boss and war profiteer. ... Fudbalski Klub Partizan (Football Club Partizan) is a football club from Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro. ... Logo of Red Star Belgrade Fudbalski Klub Crvena Zvezda (Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда, commonly known in English as Red Star Belgrade) is one of the two major football teams in Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia and Montenegro. ...

Spain

This section does not cite any references or sources. (February 2007) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

Football hooliganism in Spain is sometimes linked to racism, and some black players have been victims of ethnic slurs. Samuel Eto'o, an FC Barcelona player from Cameroon, has denounced the problem. The strong rivalry beetween Real Madrid and Barcelona has led to hooliganism, During the next appearance of former Barcelona player Luís Figo (who transferred from Barça to Real Madrid) in Barcelonas Camp Nou Stadium the crowd threw bottles, mobile phones and other things (for a example a Spanish delicatessen food: a pig's head). Although nobody was injured the match was followed by a large discussion on fan violence in the Spanish Primera División (fan fights, attacks on team busses or attacks on players during the match or during training sessions). Politics, especially rifts created during the Franco years, also have a strong influence on hooliganism with some firms being linked to extremist and/or nationalist ideologies. Hooligan redirects here. ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial quota... Though most indigenous Africans possess relatively dark skin, they exhibit much variation in physical appearance. ... A slur can be anything from an insinuation or critical remark to an insult. ... Samuel Etoo Fils (born March 10, 1981 in Douala) is a Cameroonian football striker who currently plays for F.C. Barcelona. ... Futbol Club Barcelona (Spanish IPA: , Catalan IPA: ), known familiarly as Barça (Spanish IPA: , Catalan IPA: ), is a sports club based in Barcelona, Spain. ... This article deals with major football (soccer) rivalries around the world. ... Real Madrid redirects here. ... Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo, (born 4 November 1972 in Almada, Portugal) is a professional Portuguese footballer. ... For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ...

In 1998, a supporter of Real Sociedad was killed by an Atlético Madrid fan who was linked to a neo-Nazi group, just before a match between these two teams. In 2003, a supporter of Deportivo La Coruña was killed in riots by Deportivo hooligans, when he tried to protect a supporter of the opposing team, SD Compostela. Since then, authorities have made attempts to get hooliganism more under control. Real Sociedad is a Spanish football club from the Basque city of San Sebastián/Donostia in Guipúzcoa/Gipuzkoa. ... Club Atlético de Madrid (often misspelled Athletico Madrid) is a Spanish football club based in Madrid who play in the Primera División of La Liga. ... Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña, S.A.D. (in English Royal Sports Club of Corunna) is a Spanish football club. ... Sociedade Deportiva Compostela is a spanish historic football team based in Santiago de Compostela in the autonomous community of Galicia. ...

In 2007, there were acts of hooliganism before a match between Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid, with several cars destroyed and policemen injured by flares and bottles which where thrown at them.^[75]

Sweden

Hooliganism is said to have begun in Sweden in 1970 when fans of IFK Göteborg invaded the pitch, destroyed the goalposts and fought the police at the end of a match that relegated Göteborg from the Allsvenskan, although fans of AIK and Djurgården have been reported fighting after games since the beginning of the 20th century in Stockholm.^{[citation needed]} Hooliganism in Sweden became a growing problem in the 1980s, but pitch invasions and violence at football grounds decreased in the late 1990s; when hooligan firms started pre-arranging their fights away from the grounds and the regular supporters. Five clubs that have large organised hooligans firms are AIK (Firman Boys), IFK Göteborg (Wisemen) Djurgårdens IF (DFG) Hammarby IF (KGB) Helsingborgs IF (Frontline). But several other football and ice hockey clubs have active hooligan followings. ^[76] In July 2002, a member of Wisemen was killed after a pre-arranged fight against Firman Boys.^[77] In November 2002, 12 members of the Wisemen stood trial for inflicting life-threatening injuries on a Hammarby fan in 2001.^[78] This article is about IFK Göteborgs football section. ... This article is about the football league. ... AIK is a Swedish sports club based in Solna, north of Stockholm. ... Nordic Museum at DjurgÃ¥rden, facing south-west with Skeppsholmen, Gamla stan and Södermalm in the background. ... For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... A pitch invasion occurs when a crowd of people who are watching a sports game run onto the field, to celebrate or protest about an incident, for example in games of football or cricket. ... This article is about AIKs football department. ... This article is about IFK Göteborgs football section. ... The club logo DjurgÃ¥rdens IF is a Swedish sports club with several departments, located in Stockholm. ... For the place name, see Hammarby, Stockholm. ... Helsingborgs IF (alternative spelling Hälsingborgs IF between 1912 and 1971), most commonly referred to as just Helsingborg, is a Swedish football club located in Helsingborg. ... For the place name, see Hammarby, Stockholm. ...

Switzerland

Football hooliganism is relatively new in Switzerland. One incident, dubbed the 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident, 13 May 2006, occurred on the last day of the 2005-06 season, when FC Zürich defeated FC Basel at St. Jakob Park to win the Swiss championship with a last-minute goal. After the final whistle, angry Basel hooligans stormed the field and attacked Zürich players. The Zürich team were forced to celebrate in the upper deck of the stands while the fighting continued. There was similar chaos in the streets that night.^[79][80] The 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident (Often called Disgrace of Basel) occurred on May 13, 2006 in Basel. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fussballclub Zürich (or FCZ) is a football club from Zurich, Switzerland, founded 1896. ... Current season FC Basel (short for Footballclub Basel) is a Swiss football club based in Basel. ... St. ...

Turkey

According to the Turkish Daily News, hooligan groups are well organised, have their own "leaders", and often consist of organised street fighters. These groups have a "racon" (code of conduct), which states that the intention must be to injure rather than kill and that a stab must be made below the waist.^[81] Other hooligans have fired firearms into the air to celebrate their team’s victory, which has been known to accidentally kill innocent people watching the celebrations on their balconies.^[82][83] Turkish Daily News is a Turkish daily news newspaper. ... For other uses, see Street Fight. ... Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. ... This article is about fatal harm. ...

Trouble has arisen during matches between Istanbul rivals Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe.^[82] However, the Turkish Football Federation has tightened security to try and contain the hooliganism. During the 2005 Turkish cup final between Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe, 8,000 police, stewards and officials were employed to prevent violence.^[84] The Turkish Football Federation (TFF), also called Turkish Football Association, (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu) is the governing body of football in Turkey. ... The Turkish Football Cup (Türkiye Kupası) is a football competition in Turkey, organized by the Turkish Football Federation since 1962-1963. ... For other uses of Galatasaray, see Galatasaray (disambiguation) Galatasaray Spor Kulübü (also referred to as Galatasaray SK, Galatasaray AS or simply Galatasaray) is a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, famous for its football section. ... Fenerbahçe is the name of a district in Kadikoy region of Istanbul, Turkey. ...

In 2006, the Turkish Football Federation introduced new measures to combat the threat of hooliganism and have made new regulations that allow the Professional Football Disciplinary Board to fine clubs up to YTL 250,000 for their fans behavior. Repeat offenders could be fined up to YTL 500,000.^[85] Despite reports from the Turkish Football Federation, the Turkish police believe that football hooliganism is not a major threat and are "isolated incidents".^[86]

Before Galatasaray’s semi-final UEFA Cup match with Leeds United A.F.C. in 2000, two Leeds fans, Christopher Loftus and Kevin Speight, were stabbed to death in Istanbul following street fights between Turkish and British hooligans.^[81] UEFA allowed the game to proceed and Galatasaray won 2-0. The UEFA Cup 1999-00 season was won by Galatasaray of Turkey, who defeated Arsenal of England in the final. ... Leeds United Association Football Club are an English professional football club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. ... Location of Istanbul on the Bosphorus Strait, Turkey Coordinates: , Country Turkey Region Province Istanbul Founded 667 BC as Byzantium Roman/Byzantine period AD 330 as Nova Roma (original name given in 330 and used during Constantines reign) and later Constantinople (following Constantines death in 337) Ottoman period 1453...

Leeds complained because home fans jeered while a message of condolence was read for the victims.^[87] Galatasaray's players refused to wear black arm bands. The Leeds chairman at the time, Peter Ridsdale, accused Galatasaray of "showing a lack of respect".^[88] He also revealed that his teams' players had received death threats before the match.^[89] Peter Ridsdale (Born 11 March 1952, Leeds) is a former chairman of Leeds United AFC, and is currently chairman of Cardiff City F.C.. Under his chairmanship Leeds reached the UEFA Cup semi-final in 1999/2000 and the UEFA Champions League semi-finals in 2000/01. ...

Ali Umit Demi was arrested and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for the stabbing, but the sentence was reduced to 5 years on the basis of heavy provocation, while five others were given lesser sentences of under four months.^[86] The families of those accused of attacking with knives are reported to have defended their actions and approved of their children punishing the "rude British people".^[81]

Galatasaray fans were banned from traveling to the return match to try and avoid further clashes between fans, although there were reports of attacks by Leeds fans on Turkish television crews and the police.^[90] However the Assistant Chief Constable in charge of policing the game believed that the number of arrests was "no worse than a normal high category game".^[90]

Hakan Şükür was hit with projectiles from Leeds United supporters and the Galatasaray team bus was stoned after driving through an underpass. The game saw Emre Belözoğlu and Harry Kewell sent off and Galatasaray sealed their way to the final with a 2-2 score. Hakan Şükür (born September 1, 1971 in Adapazarı, Sakarya, Turkey) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a striker. ... Emre BelözoÄŸlu (born September 7, 1980 in Istanbul) is a Turkish footballer. ... Harold (Harry) Kewell (born 22 September 1978 in Smithfield, New South Wales), is an Australian football (soccer) player. ...

Violence also occurred between Arsenal fans and Galatasaray fans before the Final in Copenhagen^[91] in which a Galatasary fan, an Arsenal fan and a Dane were said to have been stabbed.^[92] Galatasaray later won the match after a penalty shoot-out. Arsenal Football Club (also known as Arsenal, The Arsenal or The Gunners) are an English professional football club based in Holloway, north London. ... The UEFA Cup 1999-00 season was won by Galatasaray of Turkey, who defeated Arsenal of England in the final. ...

United Kingdom

England

Football hooliganism in England dates back to the 1880s, when what were termed as roughs caused trouble at football matches.^[3] Local derby matches would usually have the worst trouble, but in an era when travelling fans were not common, roughs would sometimes attack the referees and the away team's players.^[93] In many countries the term local derby, or simply just derby (pronounced der-bee in American English and dar-bee in British English after the English city) means a sporting fixture between two (generally local) rivals, particularly in Association Football. ...

Between the two World Wars, football hooliganism diminished to a great extent, and it started to attract media attention in the early 1960s. A moral panic developed because of increased crime rates among juveniles, and because of the mods and rockers conflict. Football matches started to feature regular fights among fans, and the emergence of more organised hooliganism.^[93] Fans started to form themselves into groups, mostly drawn from local working class areas. They tended to all stand together, usually at the goal-end terrace of their home football ground, which they began to identify as their territory. The development of these ends helped bring about national gang rivalries, focused primarily around football clubs. With the growth of fans travelling to watch their local club play away matches, these gangs became known as hooligan firms, and during matches they focused their attentions on intimidating opposing fans.^[93] Some hooligans travelled to games on the Football Specials train services. Moral panic is a sociological term, coined by Stanley Cohen, meaning a reaction by a group of people based on the false or exaggerated perception that some cultural behavior or group, frequently a minority group or a subculture, is dangerously deviant and poses a menace to society. ... The Mods and Rockers were two conflicting British youth subcultures of the early-mid 1960s. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... This is a list of recognized hooligan firms or football firms, which are groups that have been verified as participating in football hooliganism or other sports-related hooliganism. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ...

Starting in the late 1960s in the United Kingdom, the skinhead and suedehead styles were popular among football hooligans. Eventually, the police started cracking down on people wearing typical skinhead clothing styles, so some hooligans changed their image. In the late 1970s, many British hooligans started wearing expensive European designer clothing, to avoid attracting the attention of authorities. This led to the development of the casual subculture. Clothing lines popular with British casuals have included: Pringle, Fred Perry, Le Coq Sportif, Aquascutum, Burberry, Lacoste, Timberland, Henri Lloyd, Lonsdale, Ralph Lauren and Stone Island. Skinheads, named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, are a working-class subculture that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s, and then spread to other parts of the world. ... Suedehead was an early-1970s offshoot of the skinhead subculture in the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the hooligan subculture. ... Pringle of Scotland (known generally simply as Pringle) is a leading Scottish knitware manufacturer. ... For other persons named Fred Perry, see Fred Perry (disambiguation). ... Le Coq Sportif (IPA: , translated in English as The Sporting Rooster) is a French company producing sports equipment such as shoes and T-shirts. ... An Aquascutum scarf, showing the Club Check colours Aquascutum is a UK-based clothing and apparel manufacturer. ... Burberry is a British luxury fashion house, manufacturing clothing and other apparel. ... Lacoste is a French apparel company founded in 1933 that sells high-end clothing, footwear, perfume, leather goods, watches, and eyewear, and most famously tennis shirts. ... Timberland (NYSE: TBL) (or more informally Timbs or Timbos) is a trademark for a number of lines of outdoors wear, primarily boots, manufactured by The Timberland Company. ... Lonsdale logo Lonsdale is a clothing company founded in London, England in 1960, producing boxing equipment before branching out into sports and fashion clothing. ... For the company, see Polo Ralph Lauren. ... For the island near St Petersburg, Russia, see Kamenny Ostrov. ...

During the 1970s, organised hooligan firms started to emerge with clubs such as Birmingham City (Zulus), Chelsea (Headhunters), Leeds United A.F.C. (Leeds Service Crew), Manchester United (Red Army), Millwall (F-Troop), Tottenham Hotspur (Yid Army) and West Ham United (Inter City Firm). To a lesser extent, lower league clubs also had firms, such as Blackpool's (Rammy Arms Crew). Two main events in 1973 led to introduction of crowd segregation and fencing at football grounds in England.^[94] Manchester United were relegated to the Second Division, and the Red Army caused mayhem at grounds up and down the country, and a Bolton Wanderers fan stabbed a young Blackpool fan to death behind the Kop at Bloomfield Road during a Second Division match.^[95] Birmingham City (BCFC) is one of Birminghams two professional soccer teams (the other is Aston Villa F.C.). Originally known as The Small Heath Alliance, they became in 1905 and Birmingham City F.C. in 1945. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Current season Chelsea Football Club (also known as The Blues or previously The Pensioners) are a professional English football club based in west London. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Leeds United Association Football Club are an English professional football club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... MUFC redirects here. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Millwall Football Club are an English professional football team based at the New Den Stadium in Bermondsey, South East London. ... The Millwall Bushwackers are a hooligan firm that originated in the 1970s, or the golden age of football hooliganism. ... Tottenham Hotspur F.C. is a North London association football team, also known by the nickname Spurs. ... The Yid Army is the name of a hooligan firm associated with English football club Tottenham Hotspur. ... Current season West Ham United Football Club is an English football club based in Upton Park, London Borough of Newham, East London, and have played their home matches at the 35,303 capacity Boleyn Ground stadium since 1904. ... The Inter City Firm (ICF) was a UK football hooligan firm active in the 1970s and 1980s, affiliated with West Ham United. ... Blackpool Football Club are an English football club founded in 1887 and located in the Lancashire seaside town of Blackpool. ... Bisons redirects here. ... From 1892 until 1992, the Football League Second Division was the second highest division overall in English football. ... Bolton Wanderers Football Club is an English professional football club based in Horwich, in the Borough of Bolton, England. ... Bloomfield Road is the home of English football club Blackpool Football Club. ...

In March 1985, hooligans who had attached themselves to Millwall were involved in large-scale rioting at Luton when Millwall played Luton Town in the quarter final of the FA Cup. Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher's immediate response was to set up a "War Cabinet" to combat football hooliganism.^[96] On 29 May 1985, 39 Juventus fans were crushed to death during the European Cup Final between Liverpool and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels; an event that became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster. Just before kick-off, Liverpool fans broke through a line of police officers and ran toward the Juventus supporters in a section of the ground containing both English and Italian fans. When a fence separating them from the Juventus fans collapsed, some English and Italians started fighting. Many Italians tried to escape the fighting, and a wall collapsed on them.^[97][98] As a result of the Heysel Stadium disaster, English clubs were banned from all European competitions until 1990, with Liverpool banned for an additional year.^[99] For other uses, see Luton (disambiguation). ... Luton Town Football Club are an English football team based in the town of Luton in Bedfordshire. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 until 1990, being the first and only woman to hold either post. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Juventus redirects here. ... Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in the history of English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ... King Baudouin Stadium (Heysel Stadium) The Heysel Stadium was a sports ground in north-west Brussels, Belgium. ... This article is about the settlement itself. ... The Heysel Stadium disaster occurred due to football hooliganism in which a retaining wall of the Heysel Stadium in Brussels collapsed on May 29, 1985 during a football match between Liverpool F.C. from England and Juventus F.C. from Italy. ...

On 11 May, 1985 a 15-year-old died when a wall collapsed at St Andrews stadium when fans rioted at a match between Birmingham City and Leeds United. Fans started fighting when Birmingham took the lead, and riot police were called in to stop Leeds fans pulling down fencing. It was estimated that more than 1,000 fans became involved in the ensuing riot.^[100] The fighting that day were described by Justice Popplewell, during the Popplewell Committee investigation into football in 1985 as more like "the Battle of Agincourt than a football match".^[96] St. ...

The Popplewell Committee was originally set up to investigate two incidents at English grounds on 11 May 1985 - the fire at Bradford City's Valley Parade (which was not hooligan-related) in which 56 people died, and the riot at the Birmingham City versus Leeds United match.^[101] Because of the other events in 1986 and the growing rise in football hooliganism during the early 1980s, an interim report from Justice Popplewell's committee stated that unless the hooligan problem was addressed, "football may not be able to continue in its present form much longer". A membership scheme was suggested that would exclude away fans.^[96] The Bradford City Fire Disaster occurred on Saturday May 11, 1985 when a flash fire consumed one side of the Valley Parade football stadium in Bradford, England. ... Bradford City Association Football Club is a football team based at the Bradford and Bingley Stadium (formerly known as Valley Parade) in Bradford, England. ... Valley Parade, currently known under a naming-rights contract as the Intersonic Stadium (previously the Bradford & Bingley Stadium), is the home stadium of Bradford City football club in the built up area of Manningham, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. ...

It was not until the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, in which 96 fans died, that the government acted, bringing in the Football Spectators Act 1989 in the wake of the Taylor Report.^[98][102] However, the Hillsborough Justice Campaign states: "the British Judicial system has consistently found that violence or hooliganism played no part whatsoever in the disaster".^[103] The Memorial at Hillsborough. ... The Football Spectators Act 1989 in an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted in the wake of the May 1989 Hillsborough disaster and the subsequent Taylor Report, during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher. ... The Taylor Report is a document, whose development was overseen by Lord Justice Taylor, concerning the aftermath and causes of the Hillsborough disaster in 1989. ...

On 15 February 1995, England played Ireland in a friendly at Lansdowne Road in Dublin. The Irish were 1 - 0 up when just before half-time, some English fans started to throw items down into the stand below and rip up seats. Battles broke out between police and fans, and as a result, 50 people were injured and the match was abandoned. is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... First international Scotland 0 - 0 England (Partick, Scotland; 30 November 1872) Biggest win Ireland 0 - 13 England (Belfast, Ireland; 18 February 1882) Biggest defeat Hungary 7 - 1 England (Budapest, Hungary; 23 May 1954) World Cup Appearances 12 (First in 1950) Best result Winners, 1966 European Championship Appearances 7 (First in... A DART train passes under the Lansdowne Road Rugby Football Stadium and over the level crossing as it enters the station of the same name. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ...

English and German fans have a longstanding rivalry, and began to fight each other in the late 1980s. This subsequently brought English and German fans' reputations to an all-time low in the late 1990s.^{[104][105][106][107][108][109]} Other occasional clashes have occurred with a few other teams since the mid 1980s.^[110] France 98 was marred by violence as English fans clashed with the North African locals of Marseille, which led to up to 100 fans being arrested.^[111] Categories: Africa geography stubs | North Africa ... City flag Coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, the city of Massilia shines The Old Port of Marseille Location Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Coordinates Administration Country Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Bouches-du-Rhône (13) Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) Intercommunality Urban... Arrested can refer to: Arrested Development, a sitcom on FOX. A hip-hop group named Arrested Development. ...

In the 2000s, English football hooligans often wear either clothing styles that are stereotypically associated with the chav subculture, such as items made by Prada, Lacoste, Le Shark and Burberry. This has encouraged Prada and Burberry to withdraw certain garments over fears that their brands are becoming linked with hooliganism.^[112] English hooligans have become more advanced in the way they plan their fights, often using Internet forums, mobile phones and text messages. These hooligans often post messages on other hooligan websites to provoke rival gangs into meeting up for fights.^[113] Sometimes people at the fights post live commentaries on the Internet.^[114] Look up chav, charva in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Prada (disambiguation). ... This article is about the clothing company. ... Burberry is a British luxury fashion house, manufacturing clothing and other apparel. ... A typical Internet forum discussion, with common elements such as quotes and spoiler brackets A page from a forum showcasing emoticons and Internet slang An Internet forum is a web application for holding discussions and posting user generated content. ... For other uses, see SMS (disambiguation). ...

Football violence in British stadiums declined after the introduction of the Football Spectators Act, and in the 2000s much of the trouble occurred away from stadiums or away at major international tournaments.^[93] At Euro 2000, the England team was threatened with expulsion from the tournament, due to the poor behaviour of the fans.^[115] Following good behaviour in the Korea-Japan 2002 and Portugal 2004, the English reputation has improved.^[116] At the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, there were limited incidences of violence, with over 200 preventative arrests in Stuttgart (with only three people being charged with criminal offences) 400 others taken into preventative custody.^[117][118] During that day, Police believe that on average each rioter consumed or threw 17 litres of beer.^[118] (Redirected from 2000 UEFA European Championship) The 2000 UEFA European Championship, or Euro 2000, was the 11th edition of the UEFA European Championship, a competition between the national football teams of Europe held every four years and organised by UEFA, footballs governing body in Belgium and the Netherlands between... The 2002 FIFA World Cup, the 17th staging of the World Cup, was held in South Korea and Japan from May 31 to June 30. ... The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly called Euro 2004, was held in Portugal between June 12 and July 4, 2004. ... 2006 World Cup redirects here. ... For other uses, see Stuttgart (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ...

Despite hooliganism declining domestically, death threats by English hooligans have become more common in the 2000s. Rio Ferdinand was the target of death threats from Leeds United fans, as was Peter Ridsdale.^[119][120] Swedish referee Anders Frisk quit his position after receiving death threats from Chelsea F.C. fans.^[121] Reading players Ibrahima Sonko and Stephen Hunt also received death threats from Chelsea fans in 2006.^[122] A steward died after serious clashes between firms from Aston Villa and Queens Park Rangers after a Carling Cup game in September 2004.^[123] Rio Gavin Ferdinand (born 7 November 1978 in Peckham, London) is an English footballer of mixed St Lucian,and Anglo-Irish descent. ... Leeds United Association Football Club are an English professional football club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. ... Peter Ridsdale (Born 11 March 1952, Leeds) is a former chairman of Leeds United AFC, and is currently chairman of Cardiff City F.C.. Under his chairmanship Leeds reached the UEFA Cup semi-final in 1999/2000 and the UEFA Champions League semi-finals in 2000/01. ... Anders Frisk (born 18 February 1963 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is an insurance agent by trade and a former football referee. ... Current season Chelsea Football Club (also known as The Blues or previously The Pensioners) are a professional English football club based in west London. ... Reading Football Club are an association football club, based in the English town of Reading, in Berkshire. ... Ibrahima Sonko (born 22 January 1981 in Bignona (Casamance), Senegal) is a professional footballer. ... For other persons of the same name, see Stephen Hunt. ... Aston Villa redirects here. ... Queens Park Rangers Football Club is an English football club, based at Shepherds Bush in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in West London. ... The Football League Cup, commonly known as the League Cup, is an English football competition. ...

It has been documented that most English hooligans are in their late teens or early twenties, although it is not uncommon for older hooligans to take part, usually as leaders. They usually come from working class backgrounds, mainly employed in manual or lower clerical occupations, or (to a lesser extent) are working in the grey market or are unemployed.^[93] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Scotland

While the Scotland national team's travelling supporters, the Tartan Army, are world-renowned for their friendliness and general aversion to violence, hooliganism is not unknown in Scottish football. Pre-arranged fights between firms on match days can take place away from the football grounds.^[124] First international Scotland 0–0 England  (Partick, Scotland; 30 November 1872) Biggest win Scotland 11–0 Ireland  (Glasgow, Scotland; 23 February 1901) Biggest defeat  Uruguay 7–0 Scotland (Basel, Switzerland; 19 June 1954) World Cup Appearances 8 (First in 1954) Best result Round 1, all European Championship Appearances 2 (First... The Tartan Army are travelling supporters of the Scottish national football team. ... Football is the most popular sport in Scotland and is the countrys national sport. ...

Most Scottish football fans are against this behaviour, and authorities have taken several measures to reduce football hooliganism.^[125]

Celtic and Rangers are the two biggest teams in Glasgow, and the Old Firm rivalry is one of the most heated football rivalries in the world. The hooliganism associated with this rivalry tends to be spontaneous, and fuelled by alcohol consumption, instead of pre-planned by organized hooligan firms. The Old Firm rivalry is largely motivated by religious sectarianism, and is related to the conflict between Loyalists and Republicans in Northern Ireland. Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. ... For other uses, see Rangers F.C. (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Crowd at football match between Celtic F.C. and Rangers F.C. at Celtic Park. ... Booze redirects here. ... Sectarianism refers (usually pejoratively) to a rigid adherence to a particular sect or party or religious denomination. ... Raising loyalist flags is common in the summer Ulster loyalism is a militant Unionist ideology held mostly by Protestants in Northern Ireland. ... Irish republicanism is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent republic, whether as a unitary state, a federal state or as a confederal arrangement. ... This article is about the constituent country. ...

In May 2008 Rangers fans were involved in a serious civil disturbance in the centre of Manchester, England after the failure of a big screen in Piccadilly Gardens during the Uefa Cup Final being held in the city, a game which featured Rangers and Zenit St Petersburg. Fans went on a rampage attacking police and property and looting shops. One group ambushed a police officer, attacking him before he was rescued by a passer-by. Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people. ... This article is about the City of Manchester in England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed. ... Fountains in Piccadilly Gardens looking towards Market Street Piccadilly Gardens is a green space in Manchester City Centre situated at one end of Market Street (a busy shopping area) and on the edge of the Northern Quarter. ... The UEFA Cup (also known as European Cup 3, CE3 or C3) is a football competition for European club teams, organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). ... FC Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб Зенит Санкт-Петербург) is a Russian football club, based in Saint Petersburg. ...

Wales

Cardiff City's hooligan firm are known as the Soul Crew. In January 2002, Leeds United and Cardiff City fans, players, and Cardiff chairman Sam Hammam were hit by missiles during a match, and hundreds of Cardiff fans invaded the pitch after the final whistle to celebrate knocking the then leaders of the Premier League out of the FA Cup.^[126] Media reports, dubbed the game "The Battle Of Ninian Park".^{[citation needed]} In May 2002, Cardiff City were fined £40,000 by the Welsh FA for the events that day. Hammam, who in the lead up to the game said, "It's better for us to play them at Ninian because the intimidatory factor will be so big... It's a bit like the old Den at Millwall except ten times more" was criticised by head of the English Police Spotting teams, for his comments which were deemed to be encouraging hooligans. Hammam at first blamed what he called a "racist English media" for exaggerating the trouble at the Leeds game. However, the then launched "a war on hooliganism."^[126] In October 2004 a BBC report stated that Cardiff had more fans banned than any other Football League club, with 160 banning orders against its fans, more than double any other Welsh club.^[127] Cardiff City Football Club is a football team based in Cardiff. ... A now apparently dated group who combined their love of Cardiff City F.C. and violence. ... Sam Hammam is a Lebanese businessman, most notable for his high profile ownership of British football clubs. ... The Football Association of Wales is the governing body of football in Wales, being a member of both FIFA and UEFA. Established in 1876, it is the third-oldest association in the world, and is one of the four associations (with the English Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the... The Football League is an organisation representing 72 professional football clubs in England and Wales, and runs the oldest professional football league competition in the world. ...

Asia

Bangladesh

Football hooliganism in Bangladesh does not appear to be a major problem. However, in August 2001, 100 people were injured when thousands of football fans rampaged at a B-League match between Mohammedan Sporting Club and Rahmatganj Sporting Club in the Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka. When the referee disallowed a penalty, Mohammedan fans invaded the pitch, throwing stones at the police, who had to fire tear gas at the fans to try and restore order. Outside the stadium dozens of cars and buses were damaged and set on fire.^[128] Bangladesh Professional Football League is the top division of the Bangladesh Football Federation. ... Mohammedan Sporting Club (MSC) is a major sporting club in Bangladesh. ... Profile Also or formerly known as National Stadium; Dacca Stadium Currently used exclusively for football. ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bengali: Ḍhākā; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ... This article is about refereeing in sports. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ...

China

Football hooliganism in China is often linked to accusations of corrupt refereeing, with Chinese football being plagued by allegations of match fixing in the early 2000s.^[129]

After a match in 2000 between Shaanxi Guoli and Chengdu Wuniu in Xi'an, Shaanxi province China football fans clashed with police who had to use tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowd. Police car windows were smashed as the police tried to stop the fans attacking the match referee, who they were angry at for a decision made during the match. Eight people were arrested but later released.^[130] Xian redirects here. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ShÇŽnxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling Mountains across the... A province, in the context of China, is a translation of Sheng (Chinese: 省 ShÄ›ng), which is an administrative division of China. ... // Water cannon of the French National Police deployed in prevision of rioting following Nicolas Sarkozys election, May 6, 2007 A water cannon is a device that shoots a high-pressure stream of water. ...

In March 2002 fans fought with police again as hundreds of football fans rioted at a match in Xi'an, this time between Shaanxi Guoli and Qingdao Yizhong. At the final whistle, and in response to a late penalty to the visiting team, Shaanxi Guoli fans threw missiles at the players and the police before setting fire to the stadium seats. The fans accused the referee of being corrupt and fixing the match. The fans were finally dispersed by riot police with batons and high pressure water hoses. Outside the stadium fighting broke out again, a police van and four police cars were overturned. Two years before this incident following crowd troube at a match also in Xi'an, the government had demanded more action to stamp out football hooliganism.^[129]

Football hooliganism continued to rise in China partly due to allegations of corrupt referees.^[131]

In June 2002, thousands of football fans rampaged for two hours in the streets of Fuzhou in Fujian province, overturning police cars, damaging a bus and tearing street signs down. Order was only restored when one hundred heavily armed paramilitary policemen were called in. The rampage had started when fans were unable to watch the World Cup match between China and Brazil at an outside broadcast.^[131]   (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chou; BUC: Hók-ciÅ­; EFEO: Fou-Tcheou; also seen as Foochow or Fuchow) is the capital and the largest prefecture-level city of Fujian (福建) province, Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... (Redirected from 2006 World Cup) The final stages of Football World Cup 2006 are scheduled to take place in Germany between 9 June and 9 July. ...

On 4 July 2004 fans rioted in Beijing when China lost the final of the AFC Asian Cup to Japan, 3-1, at the Workers Stadium. After the match hundreds of Chinese fans threw bottles, confronted riot police, burned Japanese flags and vandalised a Japanese Embassy official's car. The Japanese fans had to be protected by the police, and bussed to safety after they had been given a hostile reception by Chinese fans.^[132][133] The rioting was attributed to ill-feeling toward Japan for atrocities committed before and during the Second World War when Japan invaded China. And that the traditional rivalry between the two countries means that tension between fans is never far from the surface.^[132] is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Peking redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Beijing Workers Stadium Workers Stadium (Chinese: 工人体育场) is a multi-use stadium in Beijing, China. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

North Korea

There was a brief riot between Iranian and North Korean fans at an international match in 2005. It appears that a North Korean player got into an argument with the Syrian referee, and then things got out of hand.^{[134][135][136]} Reports also claimed that a brief out-break of violence hit a South Korean match at about the same date, but this has never been officially acknowledged.

Middle East

Egypt

In January 2006 riot police had to protect Libyan fans in the Cairo International Stadium from missiles being thrown at them by Egyptian fans in the tier above them during a match between Egypt and Morocco. The Libyan fans had stayed on to watch the match after they had seen Libya lose 2-1 to Ivory Coast and had started taunting the home supporters. The Egyptian fans responded by throwing missiles at half time, and when, despite a plea to stop, it continued into the second half, the riot police were called in. The Egyptian Football Association were fined $5,000 and the Libyan Football Federation fined $7,000 by the Confederation of African Football disciplinary Commission.^[137] Riot control are the measures to control a riot or to break up an unwanted demonstration (usually of protestors). ... Cairo International Stadium (Arabic: ستاد القاهرة الدولي) or Stad El-Qahira El-Dawly, is an Olympic-standard, multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 74,100. ... First international Ivory Coast 3 - 2 Dahomey (Madagascar; 13 April 1960) Biggest win Ivory Coast 6 - 0 Mali (Abidjan, Côte dIvoire; 13 March 1985) Côte dIvoire 6 - 0 Botswana (Abidjan, Côte dIvoire; 11 October 1992) Côte dIvoire 6 - 0 Niger (Abidjan, C... The Egyptian Football Association (Arabic: اتحاد الكرة المصرية) is the governing body of football (soccer) in Egypt. ... $ redirects here. ... The Libyan Football Federation (LFF) is the governing body of football in Libya. ... The 53 member CAF (Confederation of African Football) , (French : Confédération Africaine de Football) , (Arabic : الإتحاد الأفريقى لكرة القدم) represents international football in Africa, and organises the African Cup of Nations, CAF Confederation Cup and the African Champions League. ...

Israel

In the 2000s, tensions surrounding the Arab-Israeli conflict spilled over into sporadic riots between Jewish and Arab Israeli football fans. In December 2000 it was reported that every club in Israel was on a final warning following escalating violence and intimidation at matches. Beitar Jerusalem were attracting attention because of their fan's behaviour, with regular "Death to Arabs" banners and chants. Earlier that season Beitar were fined when their fans shouted racist abuse at PAOK FC players during a UEFA Cup match. Beitar had already been under a suspended sentence following an incident two years previously when Rangers F.C. player Rod Wallace was also the subject of racist abuse.^[138] Belligerents Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict · Israel-Lebanon conflict · Arab League · Soviet Union / Russia · Israel, Palestine and the... Beitar Jerusalem F.C. (‎; Mōadōn Kadūregel Beitár Yerushaláyim) is an Israeli football (soccer) club based in Jerusalem, Israel. ... PAOK FC (Greek: ΠΑΟΚ - Πανθεσσαλονίκειος Αθλητικός Όμιλος Κωνσταντινουπολιτών - Panthessalonikios Athlitikos Omilos Konstantinoupoliton),is a Greece association football club guested in Thessaloniki, Greece. ... The UEFA Cup (also known as European Cup 3, CE3 or C3) is a football competition for European club teams, organized by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). ... For other uses, see Rangers F.C. (disambiguation). ... Rodney (Rod) Wallace (born in Lewisham on 2 October 1969) was an English footballer who played for Southampton, Leeds, Rangers, Bolton and Gillingham // He signed for the Saints as an apprentice in 1986 along with his twin brother Ray Wallace. ...

In November 2006 it was reported that football was becoming a mirror of the country a battleground between Arab and Jewish fans. For instance in August 2005 at the start of the domestic season, 7,000 Beitar Jerusalem fans travelled to an opening day away match at Maccabi Tel Aviv. Beitar fans chanted anti Arab chants throughout the match, and later rioted in Tel Aviv. After a match in Sakhnin against Bnei Sakhnin a predominantly Arab supported club, Beitar fans rioted. Beitar have a hooligan firm, La Familia, whose members consider Israeli Arabs to be their enemy.^[139] For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Beitar Jerusalem F.C. (‎; Mōadōn Kadūregel Beitár Yerushaláyim) is an Israeli football (soccer) club based in Jerusalem, Israel. ... Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. is an Israeli football (soccer) club, part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv sports club. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Sakhnin (Arabic: سخنين; Hebrew: סחנין) is an Arab town in northern Israel. ... Bnei Sakhnin F.C. (‎‎, Iḥoud Bnei Saḥnin, Arabic: , Ittihad Bnei Saḥnin), is an Israeli football club based at the Doha Stadium in Sakhnin. ...

Syria

On 12 March 2004 a fight between Arab and Kurdish supporters of rival Syrian football clubs at a match in Qamishli, 450 miles (720 km) north east of Damascus, escalated into full scale riots that left 25 people dead and hundreds injured.^[140][141] is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Qamishli ܩܡܫܠܝ (or Al Qamishli or Kamishli, sometimes transcribed with accents) is a city in northeast Syria on the border with Turkey and close to Iraq (Ancient Assyria). ... For other uses, see Damascus (disambiguation). ...

Africa

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Four died when troops opened fire at a derby match between AS Vita Club and DC Motema Pembe at the Stade des Martyrs in Kinshasa in November 1998.^[142] AS Vita Club is a Congolese football club based in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Daring Club Motema Pemba is a Congolese football club based in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ... Stade des Martyrs is a multi-use stadium in Kinshasha, Democratic Republic of the Congo and is one of the largest stadiums anywhere in the world. ... Nickname: Map of the Dem. ...

In April 2001, 14 people died following a stampede at a derby match between TP Mazembe and FC Saint Eloi Lupopo. When fans invaded the pitch after Mazembe had equalised, and rival fans started throwing missiles at each other, the police fired tear gas, and fans rushed to escape the effects of the tear gas. In the resulting stampede, 14 people died. Fans of the two clubs are alleged to have a history of hatred and violence to each other.^[143] Tout Puissant Mazembe, early known as Englebert, is a Congolese football club based in Lubumbashi. ... FC Saint Eloi Lupopo is a Congolese football club based in Lubumbashi. ...

Gambia

Massive riots occurred during and after a Cup of African Nations qualifying game between rival neighbours Senegal and Gambia at the Leopold Sedar Senghor Stadium in Dakar, Senegal in June 2003. Gambian supporters hurled missiles towards Senegalese fans and were subsequently charged by soldiers. After the game violent clashes were reported in both Gambia and Senegal. In Gambia several severe beatings of Senegalese citizens occurred which led to over 200 Senegalese seeking shelter at their embassy. Also, there were rumours of a fatal beating of a Senegalese citizen. In Senegal a Gambian BBC reporter was attacked and robbed by a group of youths. The riots eventually led to the closing of the border between Gambia and Senegal until order was restored. (City of Dakar, divided into 19 communes darrondissement) City proper (commune) Région Dakar Département Dakar Mayor Pape Diop (PDS) (since 2002) Area 82. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2976446.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/2973194.stm

Ghana

Up to 125 people died and hundreds were injured when football fans stampeded at a match in Accra in 2001. Accra Hearts were leading 2-1 against Asante Kotoko — with five minutes left in the match — when some fans began throwing bottles and chairs onto the pitch. Police then fired tear gas into the crowd, creating panic. Fans rushed to escape the gas, and in the ensuing crush, up to 125 people were killed.^[144] Accra, population 1,970,400 (2005), is the capital of Ghana. ... For other meanings see Hearts of Oak Accra Hearts of Oak Sporting Club, commonly referred to as Hearts of Oak or just Hearts, are a football (soccer) club based in Accra, Ghana. ... Asante Kotoko are one of the most successful football (soccer) clubs in Ghana as well as Africa, having won twenty national league titles. ...

Ivory Coast

Fighting among fans at a match claimed one life on 6 May 2001 and injured 39 people.^[145][146]

Libya

Eight fans died and 39 were injured as troops opened fire to stop both pro and anti Gadaffi sentiments being expressed in a Tripoli stadium during a match between Al Ahli and Al Ittihad in December 1996.^[147] Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi 1 (Arabic: معمر القذافي Mu`ammar al-Qadhdhāfī) (born 1942), leader of Libya since 1970 and a controversial Arab statesman. ... Al Ahly Tripoli (Arabic: الأهلي طرابلس) is a Libyan football club based in Tripoli, Libya. ... Al Ittihad Tripoli (Arabic: ‎) is a Libyan football club based in Tripoli, Libya. ...

Mali

After a World Cup qualifying match between Mali and Togo on 27 March 2005, which Togo won 2-1, Mali fans rioted and went on a spree of destruction and violence. The trouble started when Togo scored the winning goal. Police fired tear gas at Mali fans who had invaded the pitch. The match was abandoned and the result awarded to Togo. The result set off a wave of violence in the capital of Mali, Bamako. Thousands of Mali fans in Bamako began chanting threats toward the Mali players, cars were set on fire, stores looted, property and monuments destroyed and a building housing the local Olympics committee burnt down.^[148] View of Bamako Bamako district Bamako, population 1,690,471 (2006), is the capital of Mali, and is the biggest city in the country. ...

Mauritius

In May 1999, seven people died when rioting football fans threw petrol bombs into a casino, following a match in Port Louis between the Mauritian League champions, Scouts Club, and Fire Brigade SC. After the match which Fire Brigade SC won, hundreds of Scouts fans went on a rampage, attacking police vehicles and torching sugar cane fields.^[149] Molotov cocktail is the generic name for a variety of crude incendiary weapons. ... The arms of Port Louis Port Louis banking district, and the main avenue leading to the Government House (seen in the background) Port Louis (pronounced locally as paw-louee) is the capital of Mauritius. ... Mauritian League is the top division of the Mauritius Football Association, it was created in 1935. ...

Mozambique

The government of Mozambique had to apologise for the violent behaviour of Mozambique fans, before, during and after a match between Mozambique team, Clube Ferroviário de Maputo and Zimbabwe team, Dynamos on 10 May 1998. Ferroviário fans attacked the Dynamo players and the referee, stoned vehicles and fought running battles with riot police outside the stadium. Fifteen people, including four Red Cross workers, needed hospital treatment.^[150] Clube Ferroviário de Maputo, usually known as Ferroviário de Maputo, or simply Ferroviário, is a traditional football (soccer) club from Maputo, Mozambique. ... Dynamos Football Club is the most popular Zimbabwean football club based in Mbare, Harare which was founded in 1963. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

South Africa

In Johannesburg, South Africa, on 14 January 1991 forty people died when fans surged toward a jammed exit to escape rival brawling fans at a match south west of Johannesburg.^[151]

Zimbabwe

In July 2000 twelve people died following a stampede, when they were crushed, at a World Cup qualifying match between Zimbabwe and South Africa in Harare. Police fired tear gas when the crowd started throwing missiles onto the pitch, after South Africa had taken a two goal lead. After Delron Buckley scored South Africa's second goal bottles began to fly onto the pitch. The police then fired tear gas into the 60,000 crowd, who began running to the exits to escape the effects of the tear gas. The match had to be abandoned as players from both sides felt the effects of the tear gas and had to receive medical treatment. The police were condemned for firing tear gas, calling it a total over-reaction.^[152] In July 2002, two fans were shot when police opened fire on rioting fans at a match in Bulawayo. Seven police officers were injured and five vehicles badly damaged.^[153] Motto: Pamberi Nekushandria Vanhu (Forward with Service to the People) Map of Zimbabwe showing the location of Harare. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... Delron Buckley (born December 7, 1977 in Durban) is a South African soccer player. ... The City of Bulawayo is highlighted in this map of Zimbabwe. ...

Oceania

Australia

In 2001 following crowd violence at a home match against Perth Glory, Melbourne Knights were found guilty of bringing the game into disrepute. They were fined AUS$30,000 with a AUS$50,000 bond to pay should there be any further crowd violence, and were ordered to upgrade the safety of their stadium. Melbourne have large support from the local Croatian community, and the crowd violence was attributed to ethnic tensions and Balkan politics.^[154] In 2005 Sydney United were suspended for four matches and Bonnyrigg White Eagles matches were deferred pending an internal enquiry following violence at matches between the two clubs who both compete in the New South Wales Premier League. Sydney are backed by the local Croatian community and Bonnyrigg are backed by their local Serbian community. Tension between the two communities resulted in flares, missiles and other objects being thrown at supporters.^[155] Perth Glory FC is an association football (soccer) club from Perth, Western Australia, playing in the A-League. ... The Melbourne Knights Soccer Club is a football (soccer) club representing Melbourne in the Victorian Premier League (VPL), and is a two-time championship winner in the now defunct National Soccer League (NSL). ... Sydney United Football Club are an Australian football (soccer) club from Sydney, Australia; which was established by Croatian immigrants in the area. ... // Bonnyrigg White Eagles F.C. is a football club in Sydney currently playing in the New South Wales Winter Super League. ... The Vodafone Premier League logo The New South Wales Premier League (which, for sponsorship reasons, is known as the Vodafone Premier League) is the highest State level mens football (soccer) division in New South Wales, Australia. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in...

See also

• 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident
• 2007 Catania football violence
• 2008 UEFA Cup Final riots
• Casuals
• Collective Effervescence
• Hooliganism
• Hooligans: Storm Over Europe
• List of hooligan firms
• Major football rivalries
• Millwall brick
• Sectarianism
• Skinhead
• Ultras
• Vandalism
• Yobbo

The 2006 Basel Hooligan Incident (Often called Disgrace of Basel) occurred on May 13, 2006 in Basel. ... TV images showed the violent clashes (SKY Sports) On February 2, 2007, football violence occurred between football supporters and the police in Catania, Italy. ... This article is about the hooligan subculture. ... Collective effervescence (CE) is a perceived energy formed by a gathering of people as might be experienced at a sporting event, a carnival, or a riot. ... Hooligan redirects here. ... This is a list of recognized hooligan firms or football firms, which are groups that have been verified as participating in football hooliganism or other sports-related hooliganism. ... This article deals with major football (soccer) rivalries around the world. ... A Millwall brick is an improvised weapon made of a manipulated newspaper. ... Sectarianism refers (usually pejoratively) to a rigid adherence to a particular sect or party or religious denomination. ... Skinheads, named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, are a working-class subculture that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s, and then spread to other parts of the world. ... For other uses, see Ultras (disambiguation). ... Vandalism is the conspicuous defacement or destruction of a structure, a symbol or anything else that goes against the will of the owner/governing body. ... Yobbo or yob is a slang term for an uncouth or thuggish blue collar person. ...

Footnotes

The University of Liverpool is a university in the city of Liverpool, England. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Boston Bay State Banner is an independent newspaper primarily geared toward the readership interests of the African-American community in Boston, Massachusetts. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Turkish Daily News is a Turkish daily news newspaper. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Turkish Daily News is a Turkish daily news newspaper. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pronounced is known as a financial market data provider and a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pronounced is known as a financial market data provider and a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Turkish Daily News is a Turkish daily news newspaper. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Soccernet. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Zaman (literally time or era in Turkish) is a major Turkish daily newspaper. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... CNNSI logo used from 1996 to 2001. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... University of Leicester seen from Victoria Park - Left to right: the Department of Engineering, the Attenborough tower, the Charles Wilson building. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Andy Nicholls (b. ... Rothmans International plc. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 225th day of the year (226th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Alternate newspaper: The Daily Mirror (Australia) The Daily Mirror is a popular British tabloid daily newspaper. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... University of Leicester seen from Victoria Park - Left to right: the Department of Engineering, the Attenborough tower, the Charles Wilson building. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article deals with The Daily Telegraph in Britain, see The Daily Telegraph (Australia) for the Australian publication The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Times. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Soccernet. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Soccernet. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is an overview of the term Panorama. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... CNNSI logo used from 1996 to 2001. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Evening Times is an evening tabloid newspaper published Monday to Saturday in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ABC Radio National is an Australia-wide radio network with many various programs, involving news and current affairs, arts, music, society, science, drama and comedy. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Parliament of New South Wales consists of the Governor of New South Wales, the New South Wales Legislative Council and the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Foer, Franklin (2005). How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization , Harper Perennial, ISBN 0060731427
• Hough, Ian (2007). Perry Boys, Milo Books, ISBN 1903854652

Franklin Foer is an American political journalist and the current editor of The New Republic. ... HarperCollins is a publishing company owned by News Corporation. ...

External links

• Hooliganism Fact Sheet Football Industry Group Fact Sheet on Hooliganism.
• Hooli-News Hooligan-related news and information from around the world.
• Chinese riot after Japan victory
• Chinese football fans riot over penalty
• Article about football hooliganism in Israel
• Nation on Alert over Soccer Riots
• Information about stadium disasters
• Article about football hooliganism in India
• Stop Violence, Don't Stop Football Examination of violence in Italian football