HEJ SÖDERFJÄRD!!! Endnote may refer to: A footnote at the end of a text or at the end of a major section of the text EndNote, a commercial reference management software package This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... The Princeton Footnotes is a traditional all-male a cappella group from Princeton University in Princeton, NJ [1]. The Footnotes is a student-run, semi-professional performing group. ...

A footnote (also bootnote^[1]) is a note of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document. The note comments on and may cite a reference for part of the main body of text. A footnote is normally flagged by a superscript number following that portion of the text the note is in reference to. A page is one side of a leaf of paper. ... For other uses, see Citation (disambiguation). ... For referencing in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Citing sources. ... This article is about the term superscript as used in typography. ...

¹ for the first footnote on the page, ² for the second footnote, and so on.

Occasionally a number between brackets or parentheses, is used instead, thus: [1]. Typographical devices such as the asterisk (*) or dagger (†) may also be used to point to footnotes. In documents like timetables, many different symbols, as well as letters and numbers, may be used to refer the reader to particular footnotes. This article is about the typographical symbol. ... Everyone please stop nitpicking on the use of daggers in theoldnewthing blog! This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A timetable is an organized list or schedule, usually set out in tabular form, providing information about a series of arranged events: in particular, the time at which it is planned these events will take place. ...

Endnotes are similar to footnotes, but differ in that rather than appearing at the foot of the particular page, they are collected together at the end of the chapter or at the end of the work. Endnotes are often considered more inconvenient than footnotes, as moving back and forth between the main text and the endnotes takes additional time and effort.

• The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual devotes six pages to the topic.^[2]
• NASA has guidance for footnote usage in its historical documents.^[3]

Academic usage

Footnotes are most often used as an alternative to long explanatory notes that can be distracting to readers. Most literary style guidelines (including MLA and APA) recommend limited use of foot and endnotes. However, publishers often encourage note references in lieu of parenthetical references. Aside from use as a bibliographic element, footnotes are used for additional information or explanatory notes that might be too digressive for the main text.

MLA requires the superscript numbers in the main text to be placed following the punctuation in the phrase or clause the note is in reference to. The exception to this rule occurs when you have a hyphen in a sentence, in which case the superscript would appear afterwards.

Aside from their technical use, authors use footnotes for a variety of reasons:

• As signposts to direct the reader to information the author has provided or where further useful information is pertaining to the subject in the main text.
• To attribute to a quote or viewpoint.
• As an alternative to parenthetical references; it is a simpler way to acknowledge information gained from another source.
• To escape the limitations imposed on the word count of various academic and legal texts which do not take into account footnotes. Aggressive use of this strategy can lead the text to be seen as affected by what some people call "footnote disease".^{[citation needed]}

A word count is the number of words that a document contains. ...

Footnotes as a literary device

At times, footnotes and endnotes have been used for their comical effect, or as a literary device.

• In The Banjo Players Must Die, footnotes constitute an enormous portion of the entire text and often serve to distract the reader from an already complex storyline. Other uses of footnotes in this book include to insult the reader, to shed more light on alluded to incompetence on behalf of the characters, and to use expletives since no one reads the footnotes and the risk of offending is therefore mitigated.
• Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves uses what are arguably some of the most extensive and intricate footnotes in literature. Throughout the novel, footnotes are used to tell several different narratives outside of the main story. The physical orientation of the footnotes on the page also works to reflect the twisted feeling of the plot (often taking up several pages, appearing mirrored from page to page, vertical on either side of the page, or in boxes in the center of the page, in the middle of the central narrative).
• Flann O'Brien's The Third Policeman utilizes extensive and lengthy footnotes for the discussion of a fictional philosopher, de Selby. These footnotes span several pages and often overtake the main plotline, and add to the absurdist tone of the book.
• David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest includes over 400 endnotes, some over a dozen pages long. Several literary critics suggested that the book be read with two bookmarks.
• Manuel Puig's Kiss of the Spider Woman (originally published in Spanish as El beso de la mujer araña) also makes extensive use of footnotes.
• Mark Dunn's Ibid: A Life is written entirely in endnotes.
• Luis d'Antin Van Rooten's, Mots d’Heures: Gousses, Rames (the title is in French, but when pronounced, sounds similar to the English "Mother Goose Rhymes"), in which he is allegedly the editor of a manuscript by the fictional François Charles Fernand d’Antin, contains copious footnotes purporting to help explain the nonsensical French text. The point of the book is that each written French poem sounds like an English nursery rhyme.
• Terry Pratchett has made numerous uses within his novels. The footnotes will often set up running jokes for the rest of the novel.
• Susanna Clarke's Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell uses dozens of footnotes referencing a number of fictional books including magical scholarship and biographies.
• Jonathan Stroud's The Bartimaeus Trilogy uses footnotes to insert comical remarks and explanations by one of the protagonists, Bartimaeus.
• John Green's An Abundance of Katherines uses footnotes in which he says: "[They] can allow you to create a kind of secret second narrative, which is important if, say, you're writing a book about what a story is and whether stories are significant."
• Jasper Fforde's Thursday Next series exploits the use of footnotes as a communication device (the footnoterphone) which allows communication between the main character’s universe and the fictional bookworld.
• Ernest Hemingway's Natural History of the Dead uses a footnote to further satirize the style of a history while making a sardonic statement about the extinction of "humanists" in modern society.

Mark Danielewski Mark Z. Danielewski is an American author, born in March 5, 1966. ... For other uses, see House of Leaves (disambiguation). ... Flann OBrien (October 5, 1911, Strabane, County Tyrone Ireland – April 1, 1966 Dublin) is a pseudonym of the twentieth century Irish novelist and satirist Brian ONolan (in Irish Brian Ó Nuallain), best known for his novels An Béal Bocht, At Swim-Two-Birds and The Third Policeman. ... The Third Policeman is Flann OBriens second novel, written in 1939 and 1940 but not published until 1967, after the authors death. ... De Selby is the name of a fictitious Irish philosopher and scientist, originally invented by Flann OBrien, for his novel The Third Policeman. ... David Foster Wallace (born February 21, 1962) is an American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. ... Infinite Jest (1996) is a critically acclaimed novel written by David Foster Wallace. ... Manuel Puig (General Villegas, December 28, 1932 - Cuernavaca, July 22, 1990) was an Argentinian author. ... Mark Dunn is an American author and playwright. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A nursery rhyme is a traditional song or poem taught to young children, originally in the nursery. ... Terence David John Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is a British fantasy and science fiction author, best known for his Discworld series. ... Susanna [Mary] Clarke (born November 1, 1959) is a British author best known for her debut novel Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2004), a Hugo Award-winning alternate history fantasy. ... Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell is the award-winning debut novel by British writer Susanna Clarke. ... Jonathan Stroud Jonathan Anthony Stroud (27 October 1970, Bedford, England) is an author of fantasy books, mainly for children and youths. ... Overview of the Trilogy Spoiler warning: The Bartimaeus Trilogy is a trilogy of books that feature a unique set of characters. ... For others with the same name, see: John Green (disambiguation). ... An Abundance of Katherines is a young adult novel by John Green. ... Jasper Fforde (born in London on 11 January 1961) is an English novelist. ... Thursday Next is the protagonist in the series of novels by Jasper Fforde. ... Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. ...

Opponents of footnotes

Associate Justice Stephen Breyer of the Supreme Court of the United States is famous in the American legal community for his writing style, in which he never uses footnotes. He prefers to keep all citations inline (which is permitted in American legal citation). Stephen Gerald Breyer (born August 15, 1938) is an American attorney, political figure, and jurist. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the...

See also

• Citation

For other uses, see Citation (disambiguation). ...

References

• Grafton, Anthony (1997). The Footnote: A Curious History. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-90215-7.
• Zerby, Chuck (2002). The Devil's Details: A History of Footnotes. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Footnotes

1. ^ British to American Translator
2. ^ Chapter 15: Footnotes, indexes, contents, and outlines. U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual. Retrieved on March 24, 2005.
3. ^ A Guide to Footnotes and Endnotes for NASA History Authors. NASA History Style Guide. Retrieved on March 24, 2005.

External links

• Footnotes and endnotes Input your the sources on carmun.com, then use the footnoting tool to automatically insert footnotes while you write.

• Giving Credit to Sources: Footnotes Extensive examples following the MLA style. Ohrstrom Library, St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire, USA.

• Footnotes and electronic references' methodology How to write footnotes, endnotes and electronic references in a proper format

• Citation Machine An interactive web tool designed to assist high school, college, and university students, their teachers, and independent researchers in their effort to respect other people's intellectual properties