In particle physics, the quantum field theory called the Standard Model describes the strong, weak and electromagnetic fundamental forces. In such theories, each type of interaction has a characteristic set of force carrier particles associated with quantum excitation of the force field related to that interaction. Particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic velocity (100 GeV) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... Quantum field theory (QFT) is the application of quantum mechanics to fields. ... The Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Interactions The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory which describes the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces, as well as the fundamental particles that make up all matter. ... The strong nuclear force or strong interaction (also called color force or colour force) is a fundamental force of nature which affects only quarks and antiquarks, and is mediated by gluons in a similar fashion to how the electromagnetic force is mediated by photons. ... The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... A fundamental interaction is a mechanism by which particles interact with each other, and which cannot be explained by another more fundamental interaction. ... In general physics, a force field is a vector field representing the gradient of a potential. ...

The carrier particles either appear in intermediate stages or are produced during all particle processes involving that type of interaction. Forces between particles can be described in terms of static force fields and exchanges of force carrier particles between the affected particles.

The force carriers of the Standard Model are bosons, known as gauge bosons: Boson (game) Bosons, named after Satyendra Nath Bose, are particles which form totally-symmetric composite quantum states. ... Gauge bosons are bosonic particles which act as carriers of the fundamental forces of Nature. ...

• Gluons mediating the strong interactions
• Photons mediating the electromagnetic interactions
• W and Z bosons mediating the weak interactions

The name for the carrier particle of gravitational interactions is the graviton. The status of this particle is still tentative, because the theory is incomplete and there has been no good experimental evidence that they exist. Gravitons are not considered to be a part of the Standard Model. In physics, gluons are the bosonic particles which are responsible for the strong nuclear force. ... The strong nuclear force or strong interaction (also called color force or colour force) is a fundamental force of nature which affects only quarks and antiquarks, and is mediated by gluons in a similar fashion to how the electromagnetic force is mediated by photons. ... The photon can be perceived as a wave or a particle, depending on how it is measured In physics, the photon (from Greek φοτος, meaning light) is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, for instance light. ... Electromagnetic interaction is a fundamental force of nature and is felt by charged leptons and quarks. ... In physics, the W and Z bosons are the elementary particles that mediate the weak nuclear force. ... The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ... Gravitation is the tendency of masses to move toward each other. ... In physics, the graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that transmits the force of gravity in most quantum gravity systems. ...

In the Standard Model the hypothetical Higgs boson, which is needed to account for the masses of fundamental particles, interacts via the weak interaction and Yukawa interactions but is not a force carrier. Higgs bosons are hypothetical elementary particles predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics. ... Mass is a property of physical objects that, roughly speaking, measures the amount of matter they contain. ... The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ... In particle physics, Yukawa interaction, named after Hideki Yukawa, is an interaction between a scalar field and a Dirac field of the type In the Standard Model, this interaction is responsible for the fermion masses after the Higgs field acquires a VEV. Its also possible to have a Yukawa...