The letters CVH denote a particular type of 4-cylinder internal combustion engine produced by the Ford Motor Company during the 1980s and 1990s. An engine is something that produces an effect from a given input. ... Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation and the worlds third largest automaker after Toyota and General Motors, based on worldwide vehicle sales. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

The CVH (Compound Valve angle Hemispherical combustion chamber) engine was introduced by Ford in 1980 in the third generation Ford Escort. It was later used in the Ford Sierra as well as the second generation Ford Festiva and from 1983 it was used in the Ford Orion. Engines were built in the Dearborn Engine Plant for the North American market, and in Ford's then-new engine plant in Bridgend in Wales for the European market. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... The Ford Escort was a compact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The Ford Sierra was a large family car built by Ford Motor Company in Europe between 1982 and 1993, originally designed by Patrick le Quément. ... The Ford Festiva was a subcompact car sold by the Ford Motor Company in North America, Asia and Australasia, introduced in 1986 in Japan. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ford Orion was a saloon built by the automaker Ford for the European market from July 22, 1983 to 19 September 1993. ... Bridgend (Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) is a town in the traditional county of Glamorgan and the main town in the county borough of Bridgend in south Wales. ... This article is about the country. ...

The engine was originally conceived in 1974 and is unique in terms of its valves mounted at a compound angle, which allows for a hemispherical combustion chamber shape without using a more expensive twin camshaft arrangement. It also featured hydraulic valve lifters, a first for a European Ford engine. 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Throughout its 20-year production life, the CVH had a reputation for being almost painfully coarse and noisy at high revs (CVH, said some pundits, was an acronym for Considerable Vibration and Harshness). Jeremy Clarkson famously said of the CVH-powered Escort that "it was powered by engines so rough, even Moulinex wouldn't use them". Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson (born 11 April 1960) is an English broadcaster and writer who specialises in motoring. ...

The CVH was also notorious for its lubricating oil to sludge prematurely if the service schedule was skipped. Timing belts frequently failed about 60,000 to 90,000 miles (100,000 to 150,000 kilometers) (again if the service schedule was skipped). Numerous late-model piston engines from many manufacturers have suffered from failures due to oil sludge contamination. ...

Despite its considerable shortcomings in terms of NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness), and its aforementioned intolerance to poor or neglected servicing, the CVH was regarded as being a very easy engine to tune, and with many of its key components being considerably over-engineered. It wasn't long before the engine started receiving attention from the aftermarket tuning industry, and the 1.6 litre version quickly became a stalwart of the tuning scene in the 1980s and 1990s with some phenomenal power outputs (over 200 bhp) being extracted from the turbocharged variants. The naturally aspirated 1.6 was a popular choice for the kit car industry where it could be relatively easily and cheaply tweaked to around 130 bhp. This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... A kit-car is an automobile that is available in kit form, i. ...

The CVH was produced in many different capacities from 1.1 to 2.0 litres, the smaller versions being exclusively for the European market.

1.3

The 1.3 L CVH was introduced in the 1980 European Escort and in the Orion and Fiesta from 1983 to 1986. Bore was 80.0 mm and stroke was 64.5 mm. The 1.3L was also planned for the North American version of the Escort, but engineering tests found it to be unacceptably underpowered, and plans to produce 1.3L engines were scrapped just a few months before full-scale production. The Ford Escort was a small family car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The Ford Orion was a saloon built by the automaker Ford for the European market from July 22, 1983 to 19 September 1993. ... The Ford Fiesta is a mid-class supermini car designed by the Ford Motor Company in Europe, and also manufactured in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India and South Africa. ...

1.4

The 1.4 L CVH replaced the 1.3 L CVH in the Escort, Orion and Fiesta from early 1986. Bore was 77.2 mm and stroke was 74.3 mm. In European trim, this engine produced 75bhp. It was widely known as the 'Lean Burn' engine, as it was designed primarily for fuel economy and featured a different cylinder head which was aimed less at power output than other CVH powerplants. The carburetted versions feature an unusual Weber 28/30 carb with a manifold vacuum-actuated secondary choke (power valve), instead of the more usual sequential linkage which opens the secondary butterfly at 3/4 to full throttle. The idea was to save more fuel, especially with lead footed drivers, but the result was mainly a car which ran horribly lean under any kind of load, particularly after a the famous CVH top-end wear begins to reduce engine vacuum with some mileage on the clock. The 1.4 version is less tuneable than other CVH's, and some top-end parts are not interchangeable with the most common tuning parts; however replacing the carb with the common Weber 32/34 DMTL plus the appropriate inlet manifold makes them more driveable, albeit with a small increase in fuel consumption.

1.6

The 1.6 L CVH was used in the 1980 European Escort and 1981 North American Escort. Bore was 80.0 mm (3.149 in) and stroke was 79.5 mm (3.130 in). Output was 69 hp (52 kW) and 86 ft.lbf (117 Nm), while European versions produced 90hp in standard carburettor trim, or 105 hp, 108 hp or 115 hp in various fuel injected versions. The 115 hp version was restricted to the very rare Escort RS1600i The Ford Escort was a small family car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ford Escort (European). ... The carburetor (or carburettor, carb for short) is a device which mixes air and fuel for an internal_combustion engine. ... Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ...

1.6 Turbo

An uprated, turbocharged version of the 1.6 which was developed by Ford Europe for the hugely popular RS Turbo version of the Ford Escort and also later the Ford Fiesta. It made 132 bhp at 6,000 RPM, and 133lb/ft of torque at a very tractable 3,000 RPM. The blown engine was substantially smoother than it's normally aspirated cousins, the forced nature helping to damp out unpleasant harmonics. The block was slightly modified to provide an oil return from the turbocharger. Crankshaft and connecting rods were identical to the lesser 1.6 models, but the Mahle pistons were unique to the RS Turbo. These are manufactured using a pressure cast method, which makes them considerably stronger and more expensive than the normal cast pistons. The pistons dropped the compression to 8.3:1, allowing the use of large amounts of boost pressure. The standrd engine only needs 7psi of boost to produce its quoted power output, and is considered to be detuned from the factory. Because of it's strength and detuned nature, tuners continue to increase the standard figures by more than 100% for a relatively reasonable fee. Even today, some 20 years after its release, new ways are being developed to extract even more performance. The Ford Escort was a compact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The Ford Fiesta is a mid-class supermini car designed by the Ford Motor Company in Europe, and also manufactured in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India and South Africa. ...

1.9

The CVH was bumped up to 1.9 L for the North American 1986 model year Escort. Bore was now 82 mm (3.230 in) and stroke was up as well to 88 mm (3.465 in). This stroke length would be used in the 2.0L CVH engines, and continued into the Zeta engine which replaced it. This long stroke necessitated a raised engine block deck, a design also shared with later units. Output was 86 hp (64 kW) and 100 ft.lbf (136 Nm). 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Developed in the late 1980s by the Ford Motor Company, the Ford Zeta engine was a straight-4, double overhead cam internal combustion engine with which Ford had intended to replace the analogous Pinto and CVH models. ...

Electronic fuel injection and hemispherical "hemi" combustion chambers were added for 1987's Escort GT, bumping output to 108 hp (81 kW) and 114 ft.lbf (155 Nm). The second generation of American Escort got sequential EFI for 1991-1996, but power and torque was little changed at 88 hp (66 kW) and 108 ft.lbf (146 Nm) respectively. Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ...

2.0

The 2.0 was introduced in the 1997 Escort. It now used split port induction and produced 110 hp (82 kW) and 125 ft.lbf (170 Nm). The additional displacement was achieved by boring the 1.9 engine to 84.8 mm (3.339 in). It is the most refined CVH engine made. It is also the last CVH engine made and saw an end to production in the last of the 2004 Ford Focus LX/SE sedan and wagons. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ford Escort (European). ...

Applications

• 1980-1986 Ford Escort Mk. 3 (Europe): 1.1 L, 1.3 L, 1.6 L
• 1986-1990 Ford Escort Mk. 4 (Europe): 1.4 L, 1.6 L
• 1990-1998 Ford Escort Mk. 5 (Europe): 1.4 L, 1.6 L (1.6 L replaced by Zetec in '92)
• 1981-1984 Ford Escort (US) 1.6 L
• 1981-1984 Mercury Lynx (US) 1.6 L
• 1982-1983 Mercury LN7 (US) 1.6 L
• 1985-1990 Ford Escort (US) 1.9 L
• 1985-1987 Mercury Lynx (US) 1.9 L
• 1991-1996 Ford Escort (US) 1.9 L
• 1991-1996 Mercury Tracer (US) 1.9nbsp;L
• 1997-2002 Ford Escort (US) 2.0 L
• 1997-1999 Mercury Tracer (US) 2.0 L
• 2000-2004 Ford Focus (US) 2.0 L
• 1983-1989 Ford Fiesta Mk. 2: 1.3 L, 1.4 L, 1.6 L (1.4 L replaced 1.3 L for '86 model year)
• 1989-1992 Ford Fiesta Mk. 3: 1.4 L, 1.6 L (replaced by Zetec '93 model year onward)
• 1988-1993 Ford Sierra: 1.6 L, 1.8 L (Replaced Pinto from '89 model year onward)
• 1983-1986 Ford Orion Mk. 1 (Europe): 1.3 L, 1.6 L
• 1986-1990 Ford Orion Mk. 2 (Europe): 1.4 L, 1.6 L
• 1990-1992 Ford Orion Mk. 3 (Europe): 1.4 L, 1.6 L

• 1982-1988 Ford EXP (US) 1.6 L and 1.9 L
• 1982-1993 Morgan 4/4 1.6 L

Note that the 1.1 L version was only offered in Continental Europe, 1.1 L Escort Mk.3's for the United Kingdom used the 1117cc Kent engine although some right hand drive examples were built with the CVH mechanicals in this capacity including the van variant. The Ford Escort was a small family car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The Ford Escort was a small family car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The Ford Escort was a small family car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The Ford Zetec is a name used on many inline 4 cylinder automobile engines. ... See also Ford Escort (Europe). ... The Mercury Lynx is the name of a compact car produced by Ford Motor Company for its Mercury division. ... 1982 Ford EXP 1984 Ford EXP Turbo Coupe, from a Ford brochure 1986 Ford Escort EXP See also Ford Escort The Ford EXP and similar Mercury LN7 were two-door coupes based on the Ford Escort and Mercury Lynx. ... See also Ford Escort (Europe). ... The Mercury Lynx is the name of a compact car produced by Ford Motor Company for its Mercury division. ... See also Ford Escort (Europe). ... The Mercury Tracer was a compact Mercury car. ... See also Ford Escort (Europe). ... The Mercury Tracer was a compact Mercury car. ... The Ford Focus is a compact/small family car made by the Ford Motor Company and sold in most Ford markets worldwide. ... The Ford Fiesta is a mid-class supermini car designed by the Ford Motor Company in Europe, and also manufactured in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India and South Africa. ... The Ford Fiesta is a mid-class supermini car designed by the Ford Motor Company in Europe, and also manufactured in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India and South Africa. ... The Ford Zetec is a name used on many inline 4 cylinder automobile engines. ... The Ford Sierra was a large family car built by Ford Motor Company in Europe between 1982 and 1993, originally designed by Patrick le Quément. ... The Ford Pinto engine is the unofficial but ubiquitous nickname for a 4 cylinder internal combustion engine built by the Ford Motor Company in Europe. ... The Ford Orion was a saloon built by the automaker Ford for the European market from July 22, 1983 to 19 September 1993. ... The Ford Orion was a saloon built by the automaker Ford for the European market from July 22, 1983 to 19 September 1993. ... The Ford Orion was a saloon built by the automaker Ford for the European market from July 22, 1983 to 19 September 1993. ... First shown at the Chicago Auto Show and introduced in April 1981 as an early 1982 model, the Ford EXP and Mercury LN7 were the first two-seaters that Ford offered in 25 years. ... Morgan 4/4 was Morgan Motor Companys first real car with four wheels. ... The Ford Kent is an internal combustion engine from Ford of Europe. ...

CVH-PTE

The CVH-PTE is a revised version of the Ford CVH engine which was introduced on the European Ford Escort in 1995. It features a thicker crankcase to combat the harshness at high revs, although the 1990s saw it gradually being phased out in favour of the newer Zetec 16-valve unit. The Ford Escort was a compact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ford Zetec is a name used on many inline 4 cylinder automobile engines. ...

See also

• List of Ford engines
• Technical CVH information