NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ford Model T

The Ford Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and also the Flivver) was an automobile produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1927. The Model T set 1908 as the historic year that the automobile came into popular usage. It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that "put America on wheels"; some of this was because of Ford's innovations, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting, as well as the concept of paying the workers a wage proportionate to the cost of the car, so that they would provide a ready made market.^[1] The first production Model T was built on September 27, 1908, at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan. Thin Lizzy are a hard rock band who formed in Dublin, Ireland in 1969. ... Image File history File links Picture of non-black 1927 Model T at Greenfield Village, photo by rmhermen File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Industrial robots welding a car body in the white section of a production line. ... â€œFordâ€ redirects here. ... The Ford Model S was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Model A was the second huge success for the Ford Motor Company, after its predecessor, the Model T. First produced on October 20, 1927, but not sold until December 2, it replaced the venerable Model T, which had been produced for 18 years. ... Car classification is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories. ... An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low cost operation. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ... 1950 Jaguar XK120 Roadster This article is about the car body style. ... The best selling North American pickup truck, the Ford F-Series. ... For other uses, see Truck (disambiguation). ... The Peugeot 406 CoupÃ©, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupÃ©, noted for its large, angular design 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupÃ© Rover P5 Coupe, a traditional four-door coupÃ© Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupÃ© Gala-CoupÃ© of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coup... Estate car body style (Saab 95) A station wagon (United States usage), wagon (Australian usage, though station wagon is widely used) or estate car (United Kingdom usage) is a car body style similar to a sedan car but with an extended rear cargo area. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Saab 900 Convertible 1962 Rambler American 1981 AMC Eagle 4-WD convertible Convertible can also refer to a convertible security A convertible (sometimes called cabriolet in British English) is a car body style with a folding or retracting roof (aka soft top or top in USA, hood in UK). ... A colored automobile engine The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... Gearbox redirects here. ... Rear wheel drive was a common form of engine/transmission layout used in automobiles throughout the 20th century. ... Epicyclic gearing is used here to increase output speed. ... Kerb (sometimes mis-spelled as curb by Americans) weight is the total weight of a vehicle with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables (such as motor oil and coolant), a full tank of fuel and not loaded with either passengers or cargo. ... Designers at work in 1961. ... Henry Ford (1919) Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 â€“ April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. ... Childe Harold Wills (1878 - 1940), also known as C. Harold Wills, was an early associate of Henry Ford, one of the first employees of the Ford Motor Company, and a contributor to the design of the Model T. After leaving Ford, he began his own ultimately unsuccessful automobile company. ... Joephs A. Galamb (1881 - 1955) (in hungarian: Galamb JÃ³zsef) mechanical engineer was born in MakÃ³, Hungary. ... Car redirects here. ... Henry Ford (1919) Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 â€“ April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. ... â€œFordâ€ redirects here. ... Modern car assembly line. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Piquette Plant was the second home of Ford Motor Company automobile production. ... Detroit redirects here. ...

There were several cars produced or prototyped by Henry Ford from the founding of the company in 1903 until the Model T came along. Although he started with the Model A, there were not 19 production models; some were only prototypes. The production model immediately before the Model T was the Ford Model S ^[2], an upgraded version of the company's largest success to that point, the Model N. The follow-up was the Ford Model A and not the Model U. Company publicity said this was because the new car was such a departure from the old that Henry wanted to start all over again with the letter A. As it happens, the first Plymouth car (1928), built by competitor Chrysler Corporation, was named the Model U. The original Model A, also called the Fordmobile, was the first car produced by Ford Motor Company, beginning production in 1903. ... The Ford Model S was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Model N was an inexpensive automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Model A was the second huge success for the Ford Motor Company, after its predecessor, the Model T. First produced on October 20, 1927, but not sold until December 2, it replaced the venerable Model T, which had been produced for 18 years. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Chrysler Corporation was a United States-based automobile manufacturer that existed independently from 1925â€“1998. ...

The Ford Model T was named the world's most influential car of the twentieth century in an international poll. ^[3] Henry Ford said of the vehicle: The Car of the Century (COTC) was an international award given to the worlds most influential car of the Twentieth Century. ...

Characteristics

The Ford Model T car was designed by Childe Harold Wills and two Hungarian immigrants named Joseph A. Galamb and Eugene Farkas^[4]. Also, Harry Love, C. J. Smith, Gus Degner and Peter E. Martin were part of the team.^[5]. While production of the Model T began in 1908,^[6] model years range from 1909 to 1927. Childe Harold Wills (1878 - 1940), also known as C. Harold Wills, was an early associate of Henry Ford, one of the first employees of the Ford Motor Company, and a contributor to the design of the Model T. After leaving Ford, he began his own ultimately unsuccessful automobile company. ... Joephs A. Galamb (1881 - 1955) (in hungarian: Galamb JÃ³zsef) mechanical engineer was born in MakÃ³, Hungary. ... Peter E. (Ed) Martin (born Wallaceburg, Ontario 1888, died Detroit, Michigan, 1944) was a leading early production executive of the Ford Motor Company. ...

Engine and means of starting

The Model T had a front mounted, 177 in³ (2.9 L) four-cylinder en bloc motor (that is, all four in one block, as common now, rather than in individual castings, as common then) producing 20.2 hp (15 kW) for a top speed of 40-45 mph (64-72 km/h). The small four cylinder engine was known for its L heads. According to Ford Motor, the Model T had fuel economy on the order of 13 to 21 mpg (5 to 9 kilometres per litre or 11.1 to 18.7 litres per 100 km).^[7] The engine was capable of running on gasoline or ethanol,^[8] though the decreasing cost of gasoline and the later introduction of Prohibition in the United States made ethanol an impractical fuel. The Ford Model T used a 177 inÂ³ (2. ... Grain alcohol redirects here. ... Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a clandestine underground brewery during the prohibition era. ...

A flywheel magneto (broadly equivalent to a modern alternator) produced low voltage alternating current to power a trembler coil, which created a high voltage current. This ignition pulse was passed to the timer (analogous to a distributor in a modern vehicle) and redistributed to the firing cylinder. Ignition timing was adjusted manually by using the spark advance lever mounted on the steering column which rotated the timer. A battery could be used for starting current: at hand-cranking speed, the magneto did not always produce sufficient current. A certain amount of skill and experience was required to find the optimal timing for any speed and load. When electric headlights were introduced in 1915, the magneto was upgraded to supply power for the lights and horn. In keeping with the goal of ultimate reliability and simplicity, the trembler coil and magneto ignition system was retained even after the car became equipped with a generator and battery for electric starting and lighting. Most cars sold after 1919 were equipped with electric starting, which was engaged by a small round pedal on the floor in front of the driver's seat. This article is about the engine component. ... Early 20th century Alternator made in Budapest, Hungary, in the power generating hall of a hydroelectric station. ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... Distributor cap. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Before starting a Model T with the hand crank, the spark had to be manually retarded or the engine might "kick back". The crank handle was cupped in the palm, rather than grabbed with the thumb over the top of the handle, so that if the engine did kick back, the rapid reverse motion of the crank would throw the hand away from the handle, rather than violently twisting the wrist or breaking the thumb. Most Model T Fords had the choke operated by a wire emerging from the bottom of the radiator where it could be operated with the left hand while cranking the engine with the right hand. A crank is a bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or an arm keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion. ...

The car's 10 gallon (38 liter) fuel tank was mounted to the frame beneath the front seat; one variant had the carburetor (a Holley Model G) modified to run on ethyl alcohol, to be made at home by the self-reliant farmer. Because fuel relied on gravity to flow forward from the fuel tank to the carburetor, a Model T could not climb a steep hill when the fuel level was low. The immediate solution was often to drive up steep hills in reverse. In 1926, the fuel tank was moved forward to under the cowl on most models.^[9] Bendix-Technico (Stromberg) 1-barrel downdraft carburetor model BXUV-3, with nomenclature A carburetor (North American spelling) or carburettor (Commonwealth spelling), is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. ... Holley can refer to: People Alexander Lyman Holley, mechanical engineer Charles Hardin Holley was the real name of singer, Buddy Holly Horace Holley, prominent follower of the BahÃ¡Ã Faith Lonnie Holley, artist Marietta Holley, humourist Michael Holley, sports commentator Robert W. Holley, biochemist Places Holley, New York Category: ... Information on pump, California. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Early on the engine blocks were to be produced by The Lakeside Foundry on St. Jean in Detroit. Ford cancelled the deal before many engine blocks were produced.

While the first few hundred Model Ts had a water pump, its use was abandoned early in production. Ford opted for a cheaper and more reliable circulation system based on the thermo-syphon principle. Hot water, being less dense, would rise to the top of the engine and up into the top of the radiator, descending to the bottom as it cooled, and back into the engine. This was the direction of water flow in most makes of cars even when they did have water pumps, until the introduction of crossflow radiator designs. Water pumps were also available as an aftermarket accessory for Model T. Not to be confused with radiata. ...

Download high resolution version (750x625, 170 KB)1925 Ford “New Model” T, Tudor Sedan, 2892cc engine, at a car show at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Download high resolution version (750x625, 170 KB)1925 Ford “New Model” T, Tudor Sedan, 2892cc engine, at a car show at Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ...

Transmission and drivetrain

The Model T was a rear-wheel drive vehicle. Its transmission was a planetary gear type billed as "three speed". By today's standards it would be considered a two speed, since one of the three speeds was actually reverse. Rear-wheel drive (or RWD for short) is a common engine/transmission layout used in automobiles. ... Epicyclic gearing is used here to increase output speed. ...

The Model T's transmission was controlled with three foot pedals and a lever that was mounted to the road side of the driver's seat. The throttle was controlled with a lever on the steering wheel. The left pedal was used to engage the gear. When pressed and held forward the car entered low gear. When held in an intermediate position the car was in neutral, a state that could also be achieved by pulling the floor-mounted lever to an upright position. If the lever was pushed forward and the driver took his foot off the left pedal, the Model T entered high gear. The car could thus cruise without the driver having to press any of the pedals. There was no separate clutch pedal.

The middle pedal was used to engage reverse gear, and the right pedal operated the engine brake. The floor lever also controlled the parking brake, which was activated by pulling the lever all the way back. This doubled as an emergency brake.

Although it was extremely uncommon, the drive bands could fall out of adjustment, allowing the car to creep, particularly when cold, adding another hazard to attempting to start the car: a person cranking the engine could be forced backward while still holding the crank as the car crept forward even though it was nominally in neutral. Power reached the differential through a single universal joint attached to a torque tube which drove the rear axle; some models (typically trucks) could be equipped with an optional two speed rear axle shifted by a floor mounted lever. All gears were vanadium steel running in an oil bath. A differential can mean one of several things: Differential (mathematics) Differential (mechanics) Differential signaling is used to carry high speed digital signals. ... A universal joint A universal joint, U joint, Cardan joint or Hardy-Spicer joint is a joint in a rigid rod that allows the rod to bend in any direction. ... A torque tube system is an automobile driveshaft technology, used in cars with a front engine and rear drive. ... General Name, symbol, number vanadium, V, 23 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 5, 4, d Appearance silver-grey metal Standard atomic weight 50. ...

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 514 KB) The suspension components of a Ford Model T. The coil spring device is an aftermarket accessory shock absorber. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 514 KB) The suspension components of a Ford Model T. The coil spring device is an aftermarket accessory shock absorber. ...

Suspension and wheels

Model T suspension employed a transversely mounted semi-elliptical spring for each of the front and rear axles, which were "live," i.e., not an independent suspension. A live axle is a type of beam axle suspension system that uses the driveshafts that transmit power to the wheels to connect the wheels laterally so that they move together as a unit. ... Independent suspension is broad term for any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i. ...

The front axle was drop forged as a single piece of vanadium steel. Ford twisted many axles eight times and sent them to dealers to be put on display to demonstrate its superiority. The Model T did not have a modern service brake. The right foot pedal applied a band around a drum in the transmission, thus stopping the rear wheels from turning. The previously mentioned parking brake lever operated band brakes on the outside of the rear brake drums. A blacksmiths forge For finery forges (making iron) see finery forge. ... A band brake is an measuring device for loading a rotating shaft and measuring the torque applied to it and is mainly used to determine brake horsepower. ...

Wheels were wooden artillery wheels, with steel welded-spoke (not truly wire) wheels available in 1926 and 1927. The artillery wheel was developed for use on gun carriages when it was found that the lateral forces involved in horse artillery manoeuvres caused normally-constructed cart wheels to collapse. ...

Tires were pneumatic 30 in (76 cm) in diameter, 3.5 in (8.9 cm) wide in the rear, 2 in (5 cm) in the front. The old nomenclature for tire size changed from 30×3 to 21" (rim diameter) × 4.50 (tire width).^[clarify] Firestone tire A tire (US spelling) or tyre (UK spelling) is a roughly toroidal piece of (usually) rubber placed on a wheel to cushion it. ...

Wheelbase was 99 inches; while standard tread width was 56 in (142 cm), 60 in (152 cm) tread could be obtained on special order, "for Southern roads". This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Design changes

There were few major changes throughout the life of this model; early ones had a brass radiator and headlights. The horn and numerous small parts were also brass. Many of the early cars were open-bodied touring cars and runabouts, these being cheaper to make than closed cars. Prior to the 1911 model year (when front doors were added to the touring model), U.S.-made open cars did not have an opening door for the driver. Later models included closed cars (introduced in 1915),^[10] sedans, coupes and trucks. The chassis was available so trucks could be built to suit. Ford also developed some truck bodies for this chassis, designated the Model TT. The headlights were originally acetylene lamps made of brass (commonly using Prest-O-Lite tanks),^[11] but eventually the car gained electric lights. Horatio Nelson Jackson in his 2-seat Winton touring car, The Vermont, drives across America A touring car was a popular car body style in the early 20th century, being a larger alternative to the runabout. ... Ford Model TT was a light truck produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is a hydrocarbon belonging to the group of alkynes. ...

The Model T originally employed some advanced technology, for example, its use of vanadium steel. Its durability was phenomenal with many Model Ts and their parts still in use 80 years later.

Colors

Henry Ford is commonly reputed to have made the statement "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black." Actually, Model Ts in different colors were produced from 1908 to 1914, and then again from 1926 to 1927. It is often stated that Ford chose black because the paint dried faster than other colored paints available at the time, and a faster drying paint would allow him to build cars faster since he would not have to wait for the paint to dry.

Over 30 different types of black paint were used to paint various parts of the Model T. The different types of paint were formulated to satisfy the different means of applying the paint to the different parts, and they had different drying times, depending on the paint and the drying method used for a particular part. Ford engineering documents suggest that the color black was chosen because it was cheap and it was durable.

Production

Mass production

The Model T was the first automobile mass produced on assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, marketed to the middle class. A Ford Model T, used for giving tourist rides, is shown above at Greenfield Village. ... Image File history File links TModel_launch_Geelong. ... Image File history File links TModel_launch_Geelong. ... - - Nickname: City by the Bay Geography Area: 1,240 kmÂ² Coordinates: Time Zone UTC +10:00 Population (2003) 200,067 Among Australian cities: Density: persons/kmÂ² Political Mayor: Shane Dowling Governing body: City of Greater Geelong Geelong is a port city of 200,067 people (2003 census) located on Corio... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardised products on production lines. ... A monument to the working and supporting classes along Market Street in the heart of San Franciscos Financial District, home to tens-of-thousands of professional and managerial middle class workers each day. ...

When introduced, the T used the building methods typical at the time, assembly by hand, and production was small. Ford's Piquette plant could not keep up with demand for the Model T, and only 11 cars were built there during the first full month of production. In 1910, after assembling nearly 12,000 Model Ts, Henry Ford moved the company to the new Highland Park complex. The Highland Park Ford Plant was a production plant for Ford Motor Company in the city of Highland Park, Michigan, which is surrounded by Detroit. ...

The assembly line was introduced to Ford by William C. Klann upon his return from visiting a slaughterhouse at Chicago's Union Stock Yards and viewing what was referred to as the "disassembly line" where animals were cut apart as they moved along a conveyor. The efficiency of one person removing the same piece over and over caught his attention. He reported the idea to Peter E. Martin, who was doubtful at the time, but encouraged him to proceed. Others at Ford have claimed to have put the idea forth to Henry Ford, but William "Pa" Klann's slaughterhouse revelation is well documented in the archives at the Henry Ford Museum and elsewhere, making him the father of the modern automated assembly line concept. The process was an evolution by trial and error of a team consisting primarily of Peter E. Martin, the factory superintendent; Charles E. Sorensen, Martin's assistant; Harold Wills, draftsman and toolmaker; Clarence W. Avery; and Charles Lewis.^[12]^[13]^[14] When the first car was completed using the assembly line, in front of the media, onlookers and even Henry Ford, it was Pa Klann who drove it proudly off the line. Modern car assembly line. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... ÃŠÃŠÃŠÃŠThe Union Stock Yard & Transit Co. ... Peter E. (Ed) Martin (born Wallaceburg, Ontario 1888, died Detroit, Michigan, 1944) was a leading early production executive of the Ford Motor Company. ... Charles Emil Sorensen (7 September-1881-11 August 1968) emigrated from Denmark to the United States with his parents when he was four years old. ... Charles Lewis is the founder of the Centre for Public Integrity. ...

As a result, Ford's cars came off the line in three minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, increasing production by eight to one (requiring 12.5 man-hours before, 1 hour 33 minutes after), while using less manpower.^[15]

By 1914, the assembly process for the Model T had been so streamlined it took only 93 minutes to assemble a car. That year Ford produced more cars than all other automakers combined. The Model T was a great commercial success, and by the time Henry made his 10 millionth car, 9 out of 10 of all cars in the entire world were Fords. In fact, it was so successful that Ford did not purchase any advertising between 1917 and 1923; in total, more than 15 million Model Ts were manufactured, more than any other model of automobile for almost a century. See http://en. ...

Henry Ford's eccentric approach to research and development meant few changes to the vehicle were made over its lifetime; he believed the Model T was all the car a person would, or could, ever need. As other companies offered comfort and styling advantages, at competitive prices, the Model T lost market share. Eventually, on May 26, 1927, Ford Motor Company ceased production and began the changeovers required to produce the Model A.^[16] is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Model T engines continued to be produced until August 4, 1941. Almost 170,000 engines were built after car production stopped. Replacement engines were required to continue to service already produced vehicles. Racers and enthusiasts, forerunners of modern hot rodders, used the Model T's block to build popular and cheap racing engines, including Cragar, Navarro, and famously the Frontenacs ("Fronty Fords") of the Chevrolet brothers, among many others. is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Chevrolet (IPA: - French origin) (also known as Chevy) is a brand of automobile, produced by General Motors (GM). ...

Price

The standard four-seat open tourer of 1909 cost US$850 when competing cars often cost $2000-$3000; in 1913, the price dropped to $550, and $440 in 1915. Sales were 69,762 in 1911, 170,211 in 1912, 202,667 in 1913, 308,162 in 1914, and 501,462 in 1915.^[17] In 1914, an assembly line worker could buy a Model T with four months' pay.^[18]

By the 1920s, the price had fallen to $300 (about $3,400 in 2006 inflation-adjusted dollars) because of increasing efficiencies of assembly line technique and volume. Henry employed vertical integration of the industries needed to create his cars. He specified how to make the wood crates that outside suppliers used to ship him parts. Then he disassembled the crates and used the preformed wood pieces in the bodies of his cars. He also used wood scraps to make charcoal and sold it under the brand name "Kingsford," still a leading brand of charcoal. It has been suggested that Vertical expansion be merged into this article or section. ... Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. ...

First world car

The Ford Model T was the first automobile built by various countries simultaneously. First built abroad by Ford of Britain in 1914, they were also assembled by Ford Germany and in various South American countries, including Argentina and Brazil. 1933 Ford Model Y 1953 Ford Anglia E494A 1960 Ford Anglia 100E Ford Zephyr Six 1966 Ford Anglia 105E in Wales 1966 Ford Cortina Mk I in GT trim, with Lotus Cortina-like side stripe 1967 Ford Anglia 105E 1936 Fordson trucks ad Ford of Britain Limited was the manufacturing... Ford Germany was the German subsidiary of the American automaker Ford Motor Company, which existed under various names from 1925. ...

Car clubs

Cars built before 1919 are classed as veteran cars and later models as vintage cars. Today, two main clubs exist to support the preservation and restoration of these cars: The Model T Ford Club International and the Model T Ford Club of America. Many steel Model T parts are still manufactured today, and even fiberglass replicas of their distinctive bodies, which are popular for T-bucket style hot rods (as immortalized in the Jan and Dean surf music song "Bucket T," which was later recorded by The Who). The automotive Brass Era is the first period of automotive manufacturing, named for the prominent brass fittings used during this time for such things as lights and radiators. ... A vintage car is commonly defined as a car built between the start of 1919 and the end of 1930. ... It has been suggested that Fiber-reinforced plastic be merged into this article or section. ... A T-Bucket with a supercharged Chrysler Hemi engine A T-bucket (or Bucket T) is a specific style of hot rod car, based on a Ford Model T but extensively modified, or alternatively built with replica components to resemble a Model T. Since the last Model T was built... T-Bucket hot rod Hot rods are older, often historical, cars. ... Jan & Dean were a rock and roll duo, popular from the late 1950s through the mid 1960s, consisting of William Jan Berry (3 April 1941 â€“ 26 March 2004) and Dean Ormsby Torrence (born 10 March 1940). ... Surf music is a genre of popular music associated with surf culture, particularly Orange County and other areas of Southern California. ... The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. ...

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 590 KB) This is an Australian Model T Ford owened by a freind. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 590 KB) This is an Australian Model T Ford owened by a freind. ...

The Model T in popular culture

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... CARS is a four-letter acronym that can stand for: Cable television relay service station Canadian Aviation Regulations Childhood Autism Rating Scaleâ€Ž Customer Access and Retrieval System Citizens Against Road Slaughter Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, a cooperative effort of the University of Chicago and... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For the 2008 film, see Speed Racer (film). ...

Criticism

In a Time Magazine article by automotive critic Dan Neil, the Model T is listed as one of the 50 worst cars of all time. Neil blames the consequences of mass-produced automobiles on the Model T, including heavy pollution and war in the Middle East. Specific criticisms for the Model T itself are "blacksmithed body panels and crude instruments" and Neil refers to it as, "The Yugo of its day." ^[19] Dan Neil is an Automobile Columnist for the Los Angeles Times, noted for his for his one-of-a-kind reviews of automobiles, which blend technical expertise with offbeat humor and astute cultural observations. ...

Image gallery

See also

Notes

^ Ford also attempted a buy on time program to aid sales, resembling that of the German Kdf-Wagen [the forerunner of the Volkswagen Beetle]. Ford's plan was not a success, either.
^ Early Ford - models from the years 1903 - 1908; page 5
^ Joyrides | Car of the Century? Ford's Model T, of course
^ History Lesson: Hungary Celebrates the Ford Model T. Edmunds.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.
^ Reynold M. Wik, Henry Ford Grass Roots America, 1972
^ Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.100.
^ media.ford.com Mdoel T Facts
^ Air & The Climate Effects - Ford
^ 1926 - Model T Ford Club of America
^ Clymer, p.37.
^ Clymer, p.100.
^ First hand account of Charles Sorensen from his autobiography, My Forty Years with Ford (1956)[1]
^ Essay by Stephen C. Perry, Gardner-Webb University (Published May 8, 2000)
^ Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World, 2003
^ Georgano.
^ detnews.com | Michigan History
^ Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
^ Georgano.
^ The 50 Worst Cars of All Time. TIME.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-23.

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Volkswagen_Beetle. ... This article is about the original Volkswagen Beetle. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

External links

The Internet Movie Cars Database (IMCDb) is similar to IMDb but instead of showing the list of actors and the crew it show various cars in films and television series, with various screenshots. ... â€œFordâ€ redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ford Engines Fords engines are well known throughout the world, not only in Ford vehicles but in aftermarket, sports, and kit applications. ... The following is a list of vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company under the Ford marque. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mazda Familia. ... For the Police Interceptor version used by law enforcement, see Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor. ... For the standard version, see Ford Crown Victoria. ... The Ford Fairlane is a large, luxury automobile model manufactured by Ford Australia from 1960 to the present day, with only a brief absence in the mid-1960s. ... This article is about the Australian car model. ... Ford Performance Vehicles (FPV) is the Melbourne-based official performance tuning division of Ford Australia, founded in 2002. ... The Ford Fiesta is a mid-class supermini car designed and built by the Ford Motor Company in Europe, and also manufactured in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, China, India and South Africa. ... The Ford Ikon is a sedan version of the Ford Fiesta Mark V on the Ford B3 platform. ... The European Ford Fusion is an estate based on the supermini Ford Fiesta. ... Ford EcoSport Ford EcoSport The Ford EcoSport is a Compact SUV designed and built in Brazil by Ford. ... This article is about the North American Ford Focus. ... The Ford Focus C-MAX is a compact MPV designed by Ford for the European market and built since 2003. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... See also the Ford Galaxie full-size car of the 1950s and 1960s The Ford Galaxy is a large MPV first introduced in 1995. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Ford Laser was a compact car sold by Ford in Asia, Australia, and parts of South America, and Africa. ... The Ford Mondeo is a large family car sold by the Ford Motor Company in various markets throughout the world. ... This article is about the automobile named after a horse, for other uses see mustang. ... The Ford S-MAX is a large MPV produced by the Ford Motor Company for the European and by Changan Ford Automobile Co. ... The Ford Taurus is a mid-size, front wheel drive car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company in North America. ... The Ford Cargo was a originally a lightweight truck when launched in 1981. ... There are four distinct Ford vehicle lines which have used the Courier name: 1952-1958 American utility van 1991â€“2002 European van bronco 1998â€“present Brazilian pickup 1972-1982 American pickup and 1972â€“2006 Australian and New Zealand pick-up (rebadged Mazda B-Series) In the United States, the Ford... The Ford Bantam is a utility vehicle sold by the Ford Motor Company in South Africa. ... The Ford E-Series, formerly named and also known as the Econoline or Club Wagon, is a line of full-size vans (both cargo and passenger) and truck chassis from the Ford Motor Company. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Ford Edge is a mid-size crossover SUV under the Ford marque. ... For other Ford vehicles marketed as Ford Maverick, see Ford Maverick. ... The Ford Escape Hybrid, launched in 2004, is a gas-electric hybrid powered version of the Ford Escape SUV developed by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Expedition is a full-size SUV built by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Explorer is a mid-size sport utility vehicle sold in North America and built by the Ford Motor Company since 1990. ... The Ford Everest (model code U268) is a midsize SUV sold in Asia. ... The F-Series is a series of full-size pickup trucks from Ford Motor Company sold for over 5 decades. ... The Ford Flex is a full-size people-mover crossover SUV that replaces the discontinued Freestar and Mercury Monterey minivans. ... The Ford Pronto is a van currently produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Ranger name is used on two distinct and unrelated pickup truck lines by the Ford Motor Company The Ford-designed compact pickup truck (documented here), which is sold in North America, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. ... There are four distinct Ford vehicle lines which have used the Courier name: 1952-1958 American utility van 1991â€“2002 European van bronco 1998â€“present Brazilian pickup 1972-1982 American pickup and 1972â€“2006 Australian and New Zealand pick-up (rebadged Mazda B-Series) In the United States, the Ford... The Ford Territory is a crossover SUV built by Ford Australia and based on the EA169 platform of the Ford BA Falcon. ... The Ford Tourneo is a small minibus (9-10 seats) based on Fords Transit van (Not to be confused with the full size Ford Transit minibus. ... The Tourneo Connect is a vehicle made by Ford, which was first put into production in 2002 to the British market. ... The Ford Transit is a range of panel vans, minibuses and pickup trucks, produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe. ... Ford Transit Connect The Ford Transit Connect is a panel van developed by Ford Europe an introduced in 2002. ... The original Model A, also called the Fordmobile, was the first car produced by Ford Motor Company, beginning production in 1903. ... Ford Model B was an upscale touring car introduced in 1904. ... Ford Model C was introduced in 1904 and was a version of the Ford Model A with more modern look, slightly more powerful engine and 15 cm (6 inches) longer wheelbase. ... Ford Model F was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... Ford Model K was an upscale automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Model N was an inexpensive automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... Ford Model R was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Model S was an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... Ford Model TT was a light truck produced by the Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Model A was the second huge success for the Ford Motor Company, after its predecessor, the Model T. First produced on October 20, 1927, but not sold until December 2, it replaced the venerable Model T, which had been produced for 18 years. ... GAZ AA, a license built version of Ford AA by GAZ 1932-1942. ... The Model B was a new Ford automobile produced in model year 1932. ... 1933 Ford Model Y The Model Y was the first Ford specifically designed for markets outside the USA. The car was powered by a 933 cc, 8 hp Ford Sidevalve engine, and was in production in England from 1932 through 1937. ... Ford Model C was introduced in 1904 and was a version of the Ford Model A with more modern look, slightly more powerful engine and 15 cm (6 inches) longer wheelbase. ... The Ford CX was a car produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1935 to 1937. ... 1933 Ford Model Y The Model Y was the first Ford specifically designed for markets outside the USA. The car was powered by a 933 cc, 8 hp Ford Sidevalve engine, and was in production in England from 1932 through 1937. ... Ford Model C was introduced in 1904 and was a version of the Ford Model A with more modern look, slightly more powerful engine and 15 cm (6 inches) longer wheelbase. ... Ford KÃ¶ln was an automobile from Ford Motor Company that was in production from 1932 to 1935. ... The Ford Rheinland was an automobile built by Ford of Germany that was in production from 1933 to 1936. ... Ford Eifel was a car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company in Germany that was produced between 1935 and 1939. ... Ford 7Y is a car from Ford built in the United Kingdom between 1938 and 1939. ... The Ford 7W Ten, like alot of the cars in the days of 38, had a long, slender, sheet metal body with a wing-style hood that made the car look majestic in a sense. ... The Ford Anglia was a British car from Ford in the UK. It was related to the Ford Prefect and the later Ford Popular. ... Ford Prefect may refer to: Ford Prefect (car), a line of British cars produced by the UK section of the Ford Motor Company from 1948 - 1961 Ford Prefect (character), a character in The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, named after the car Ford Prefect (actor), ex byker grove actor... 1967 Ford Country Squire The Ford Country Squire was a full-size station wagon built by the Ford Motor Company from 1950 until 1991; it was based on the Ford full-size car line available in each year. ... The Ford Meteor describes two distinct lines of automobiles from the Ford Motor Company. ... Ford Pilot is a car from Ford built between 1947 and 1951 for the UK. During that period 22,155 cars were produced. ... The Ford Vedette was a large car manufactured by Ford France SA in their factory in Poissy from 1948 to 1954. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Categories: Automobile stubs | Ford vehicles ... The Ford Country Sedan was a full-size station wagon built by the Ford Motor Company from 1949 until the 1980s]; it was based on the Ford full-size car line available in each year. ... 1957 Ford Del Rio. ... The Edsel was a make of automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company during the 1958, 1959, and 1960 model years. ... 1955 Ford Fairlane Crown Victoria Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ford Fairlane The Ford Fairlane was an automobile model sold between 1955 and 1971 by the Ford Motor Company in North America. ... 1966 Ford Galaxie 7 Litre Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ford Galaxie For other uses, see Galaxie (disambiguation). ... The Ford Mainline was a car available from 1952 to 1956. ... The Ford Parklane was a car produced by the Ford Motor Company in the United States for one year only, 1956. ... 1956 Ford Popular The Ford Popular is a car from Ford built in England between 1953 and 1959. ... The Ford Ranchero was a car/pickup truck combination vehicle produced between 1957 and 1979 based on full-size, compact and intermediate automobiles by the Ford Motor Company for the North American market. ... Ford Squire is a car from Ford built between 1955 and 1959. ... Ford Taunus was a large family car sold by Ford in Germany. ... The Ford Thunderbird was a car manufactured in the United States by the Ford Motor Company. ... Two different vehicles have been sold as the Ford Versailles: 1955-1964 in France 1992-1996 in Brazil France The Ford Versailles was a car produced by the Ford Motor Company in France between 1955 and 1964, before Fords French factory was sold to Simca, which was subsequently acquired... For other Ford related cars called Zephyr, see Mercury Zephyr, Lincoln-Zephyr, and Lincoln Zephyr The Ford Zephyr was a car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company in the United Kingdom. ... The Ford Bronco was an SUV produced from 1966 through 1996, with five distinct generations. ... Ford Capri Mk III 1. ... The Ford Corcel was a car sold by Ford Motor Company in Brazil. ... Ford Corsair The Ford Corsair, manufactured by Ford Motor Company in the United Kingdom, was a midsize car available as either a saloon or estate from 1964 until 1970. ... The Ford Cortina is a mid sized family car sold by Ford of Britain in various guises from 1962 to 1982. ... The Ford Escort was a compact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... The 1960 Frontenac, which was essentially a rebadged Falcon for the Canadian market. ... For the concept car presented as the Ford GT40 on the auto show circuit in 2003, see Ford GT. GT40 Mk II front. ... See Ford LTD (Australia) for the Australian-built vehicle of the same name. ... The Ford Torino was an intermediate sized car produced by the Ford Motor Company for the North American market between 1968 and 1976. ... Ford Elite. ... Ford Fairmont is a name that has been used for two unrelated models of automobile; one in Australia and one in North America. ... The Ford Pinto was a subcompact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company for the North American market, first introduced on September 11, 1970, and built through the 1980 model year. ... // The Ford Aerostar was Fords first minivan, and was introduced as a 1986 model in summer 1985. ... The Ford Bantam is a utility vehicle sold by the Ford Motor Company in South Africa. ... The Ford Bronco II was a compact SUV sold between 1984 and 1990 as a compact complement to the full-size Ford Bronco, as well as to compete with the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and Jeep Cherokee. ... Ford Del Rey Ouro The Ford Del Rey was a midsized car produced by the Ford Motor Company in Brazil from 1981 to 1991. ... The Ford Escort was a compact car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 through 2003. ... First shown at the Chicago Auto Show and introduced in April 1981 as an early 1982 model, the Ford EXP and Mercury LN7 were the first two-seaters that Ford offered in 25 years. ... The Ford Festiva was a subcompact car sold by the Ford Motor Company in North America, Asia and Australasia, introduced in 1986 in Japan. ... The Ford Laser was a compact car sold by Ford in Asia, Australia, and parts of South America, and Africa. ... The Ford Crown Victoria is a fullsize car produced by the Ford Motor Company in the 1950s, and then again in the 1970s. ... The Ford Orion was a saloon built by the automaker Ford for the European market from July 22, 1983 to 19 September 1993. ... The Ford Probe was a coupe produced by Ford, introduced in 1989 to replace the Ford EXP as the companys sport compact car. ... The Ford Scorpio is an executive car produced by the Ford Motor Company at its factory in Cologne, Germany between 1985 and 1998. ... The Ford Sierra was a large family car built by Ford Europe between 1982 and 1993, originally designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le QuÃ©ment, . Released on 21 September 1982, it replaced the Ford Cortina/Taunus, and was itself replaced by the Mondeo. ... The Ford Telstar was an automobile sold by the Ford Motor Company in Asia, Australasia and Africa, comparable in size to the European Ford Sierra and the American Ford Tempo. ... The Ford Tempo is an American-built two-door coupe and four-door sedan produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1984 to 1994. ... 1990 Ford Verona 1. ... Ford Aspire was the name given to the second-generation Ford Festiva subcompact car sold by Ford Motor Company in the US and Canada from 1994 to 1997. ... The Ford Contour is a North American variant of the European Ford Mondeo sedan previously sold by Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Cougar is a mid-sized coupÃ© sold in the European market between 1999 and 2002. ... The Nissan Mistral was a 4x4 sold in Japan. ... 2001 Ford Puma 1. ... The Ford Windstar was a minivan produced and sold by the Ford Motor Company from March 1994 (for the 1995 model year) to 2003. ... 2003 Ford ZX2 The two-door 1998 Ford Escort ZX2 was introduced at the 1997 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. ... The Ford Excursion is a full-size sport utility vehicle that was produced by the Ford Motor Company between model years 2000 and 2005. ... The Ford Freestar was a minivan made by the Ford Motor Company, manufactured until November 2006. ... This page refers to the concept and production cars of 2002 and later; for the mid-1960s race car, see Ford GT40. ... The Ford Five Hundred (code name D258) was a full-size sedan produced by the Ford Motor Company during the 2005 to 2007 model years. ... For minivan, see Ford Freestar. ... â€œFordâ€ redirects here. ... Ford factory in Norlane, Victoria, 1957. ... Ford do Brasil is a subsidiary of American automaker Ford Motor Company, founded on April 24, 1919. ... 1933 Ford Model Y 1953 Ford Anglia E494A 1960 Ford Anglia 100E Ford Zephyr Six 1966 Ford Anglia 105E in Wales 1966 Ford Cortina Mk I in GT trim, with Lotus Cortina-like side stripe 1967 Ford Anglia 105E 1936 Fordson trucks ad Ford of Britain Limited was the manufacturing... Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited is the manufacturing and sales arm of Ford Motor Company for Canada. ... Ford Europe is the European division of the Ford Motor Company that is based in America. ... Ford Germany was the German subsidiary of the American automaker Ford Motor Company, which existed under various names from 1925. ... Ford Motor Company Philippines (FMCP) is a local Ford Motor Company subsidiary focused on manufacturing automobiles for local consumption. ... AutoAlliance International (AAI) is the name of a joint venture automobile assembly firm co-owned by Ford Motor Company and Mazda Motor Corporation. ... AutoAlliance Thailand (AAT) is the name of a joint venture automobile assembly firm co-owned by Ford Motor Company and Mazda Motor Corporation in Rayong province, Thailand. ... Changan Ford Automobile Co. ... The Landwind at the IAA 2005 in Frankfurt The Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited, abbreviated JMC, is an automobile manufacturer in China. ... Volvo Cars, or Volvo Personvagnar, is a well-known Swedish automobile maker founded in 1927 in the city of Gothenburg in Sweden. ... Otosan stands for Otomobil Sanayi which is Turkish and means Automobile Industry ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

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