Introduced in 1994, as a Mid Year Model Change (1994.5), turbodiesel truck engines used in Ford F-Series trucks, the Ford Econoline van, the Ford LCF commercial truck, and the Ford Excursion SUV. The Power Stroke is manufactured by Navistar International Corporation (International Truck and Engine Corporation) and is based on a design for a gasoline-powered V8 from International Harvester. Four different engines have been made based on this original design, the 420 cu in (6.9 L), 444 cu in (7.3 L), 365 cu in (6 L), and 388 cu in (6.4 L); the last three have used the Power Stroke name. These engines are built in Indianapolis, Indiana and Huntsville, Alabama. Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... It has been suggested that International Harvester be merged into this article or section. ... Turbodiesel refers to any diesel engine with a turbocharger. ... For other uses, see Truck (disambiguation). ... Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... The F-Series is a series of full-size pickup trucks from Ford Motor Company sold for over 5 decades. ... The Ford E-Series, also known as the Econoline, is a line of full-size vans and truck chassis from Ford Motor Company. ... The Ford Excursion is a full-size sport utility vehicle that was produced by the Ford Motor Company between model years 2000 and 2005. ... Navistar International Corporation NYSE: NAV is the parent company of International Truck and Engine Corporation, a leading producer of mid-range diesel engines, medium trucks, heavy trucks, severe service vehicles, and parts and service sold under the International® brand. ... International Harvester Company (IHC or IH; now Navistar International Corporation) was an agricultural machinery, construction equipment, vehicle, commercial truck, and household and commercial products manufacturer. ... Indianapolis redirects here. ... Huntsville, Alabama (top center), near the Tennessee border, is north of Birmingham and northeast of Decatur, across the Tennessee River flowing northwest. ...

These engines primarily compete in the United States full-size pickup truck market with the Duramax V8 from General Motors/DMAX and the B series straight 6 from Dodge/Cummins. The best selling North American pickup truck, the Ford F-Series. ... The Duramax is General Motors diesel engine family for large trucks, designed by Isuzu. ... General Motors Corporation, also known as GM, an American multinational corporation, is the worlds largest auto company by production volume for the first 9 months of 2007, and by sales volume for 76 consecutive years. ... Not to be confused with the Isuzu D-Max pickup truck DMAX of Moraine, Ohio is a manufacturer of Diesel engines for trucks. ... The Cummins B Series is a family of straight-4 and straight-6 diesel truck and industrial piston engines. ... Dodge is a North American brand of automobiles and light to heavy-duty trucks from Chrysler, sold globally. ... This article is about the diesel engine manufacturer. ...

6.9

The roots for the 6.9L go back to 1978, when the International Harvester Corporation began developing the 420 ci. 6.9L Diesel. The 420 cu in (6.9 L) International's Engine was used by Ford from 1983 through 1987, though it did not use the Power Stroke name. Unlike the larger engines, it used indirect injection. In an internal combustion engine, the term indirect injection refers to a fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. ...

Specifications

• Engine Description: IHI 6.9L Diesel
• Displacement: 6.9L / 420 ci.
• Bore x Stroke: 4.00 x 4.18 (in.)
• Block / Head: Cast iron / Cast iron
• Aspiration: Natural
• Valvetrain: OHV 2-V
• Compression: 20.7:1
• Injection: Indirect, Stanadyne DB2
• Horsepower / Torque (at start): 170 hp (127 kW) / 310 ft·lbf (420 N·m).

7.3

For 1988, Ford replaced the old 420 cu in (6.9 L) with a larger 445 cu in (7.3 L) version. This was upgraded in 1993 with an optional turbocharger and again in mid 1994 when electronics and direct injection were added; the new configuration was named the Power Stroke and lasted through the end of 2003. This model produced Template:210hp and 525 ft·lbf (712 N·m) of torque in its last production year. The 7.3 is widely considered the most durable of the diesel motors in the industry. Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc. ... // Fuel injection is a means of metering fuel into an internal combustion engine. ...

6.0

Unable to meet stricter emissions regulations, the 7.3L (445 cu in) Power Stroke was replaced by the 6.0 L (366.1 cu in) during the 2003 year model. This version lasted through 2006 (2007 model year). Many 6.0 L Power Stroke engines proved unreliable,^[1] may have cost Ford hundreds of millions of dollars in warranty repairs and leading to a recall and repurchase of at least 500 trucks. The major problem with the Navistar diesel engines are due to damage resulting from defective fuel injectors, which suffer from side loading, which then causes raw fuel to flood and enter the engine's oil crankcase or hydro-lock the engine. The previous occurrence is so disastrous that a total engine replacement in some cases, has been required. There were also minor problems resulting from the unreliable factory variable-vane turbocharger, head gasket problems, EGR valve carbon deposit clogging/sticking, defective Exhaust Pressure (EP) sensor/connector, extensive PCM recalibrations, fuel injector harness chafing/crushing, general engine stalling/bucking, and inability to conform to the new Federal diesel emissions standards of January 1, 2007. There were many running changes to the engine and in the 2006 year model the 6.0 had the least amount of warranty claims across the board for Ford motor company when compared to all of Frod's gas and diesel engines they used. Navistar International Corporation (NYSE: NAV) is the parent company of International Truck and Engine Corporation, a leading producer of mid-range diesel engines, medium trucks, heavy trucks, severe service vehicles, and parts and service sold under the International® brand. ...

The engine had an 3.74 in (95 mm) bore and 4.13 in (104.9 mm) stroke for a displacement of 365 cu in (6 L) or 5954 CC. It utilized a turbocharger and intercooler, producing 325 hp (242 kW) and 570 ft·lbf (773 N·m) with an 18:1 compression ratio, redlining at 4500 rpm. Bold text The compression ratio is a single number that can be used to predict the performance of any engine (such as an internal-combustion engine or a Stirling Engine). ...

This engine is still being utilized in the E-series until the end of the 2009 calendar year. The engine is the same configuration as the 2007 YM with a diesel particulate filter added to the exhaust system.

6.4

To meet even stricter emissions regulations for 2007, the 6.0L engine was replaced by the 6.4 L (390.6 cu in) Power Stroke. Ford introduced its redesigned 2008 Super Duty lineup in early 2007 equipped with the new 6.4 liter Power Stroke. The F-Series is a series of full-size pickup trucks from Ford Motor Company sold for over 5 decades. ...

The new engine has a 3.86 in (98 mm) bore and 4.13 in (104.9 mm) stroke, resulting in a total calculated displacement of 387 cu in (6.3 L) or 6.3 L (6333 cc). This new engine bumped the power up to 350 hp (261 kW) and torque to 650 ft·lbf (881 N·m) at the crank. Horsepower and Torque is achieved at 3,000 rpm and 2,000 rpm respectively. It also features a sequential turbo system, with a smaller fixed vane turbo providing a constant boost to a bigger variable geometry turbo resulting in almost no turbo spooling when taking off from a stop. The new turbo system also provides better power response while already in motion acting much like a gasoline engine in throttle response. The engine also has a Diesel Particulate Filter. The engine computer is also programmed to periodically inject extra fuel (regeneration in F-Series) to burn off accumulated soot into ash. For other senses of this word, see torque (disambiguation). ... A diesel particulate filter (top left) in a Peugeot A diesel particulate filter, sometimes called a DPF, is device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, most of which are rated at 85% efficiency, but often attaining efficiencies of over 90...

Many more changes have taken place with the 6.4 liter Power Stroke and other on-highway diesel engines built after January 1, 2007. The two major changes are the fuel and oil. The fuel required is Ultra-low sulfur diesel (15 PPM sulfur). The fuel is backwards compatible with all earlier diesel engines. The oil will be classified as CJ-4 vs. the previous CI-4 and CI-4 plus. CJ-4 oil must be used in all diesel engines requiring the ULSD and is backwards compatible to approx 12 years for all diesels. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) describes a new EPA standard for the sulfur content in on-road diesel fuel sold in the United States, beginning October 15th, 2006, except for California which must be selling it by September 1st, 2006. ... Parts per million (ppm) is a measure of concentration that is used where low levels of concentration are significant. ...

The 6.4 has had one recall due to the potential for diesel fuel or oil in the DPF causing very high EGTs (exhaust gas temperatures). The recall reflashes the engine computer to derate the fuel in order for the engine to reduce the DPF temperature if a high exhaust temperatures is found to be above Ford's specifications.

Applications

F Series and Excursion Applications

• • 1994–2003 7.3 L
  • 2003–2007 6.0 L
  • 2008– 6.4 L

E Series Applications

• • 1988-1994 7.3lt. IdI
  • 1994–2003 7.3 L
  • 2004–2007 6.0 L

LCF (Low Cab Forward) Application

• • 2005–current 4.5 L

See also

• Ford engines
• Ford Triton engine

Ford Engines Fords engines are well known throughout the world, not only in Ford vehicles but in aftermarket, sports and kit applications too. ... The Triton engine is Fords line of modern truck engines. ...

References

1. ^ Launch in Limbo. AutoWeek. Retrieved on March 5, 2007.

AutoWeek is a weekly automobile magazine based in Detroit, Michigan. ...

External links

• Powerstroke Diesel home page