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For the song by Green Day, see Dookie This article is about the band Green Day. ...
This article is about the album by Green Day. ...
 FOD deflection system on a PT6T installed on a Bell 412. Air enters from upper right, and pure air follows the curved ramp down to the turbine inlet (also covered by a screen). Any debris being sucked in will have enough momentum that it won't make such a sharp bend, and will hit the screen on the upper left, and will be carried out to the left, getting blown overboard. F.O.D. stands for Foreign Object Damage. According to the National Aerospace Standard 412, maintained by the National Association of FOD Prevention, Inc, Foreign Object Debris is a substance, debris or article alien to the vehicle or system which would potentially cause damage. Foreign Object Damage is any damage attributed to a foreign object that can be expressed in physical or economic terms that may or may not degrade the product's required safety and/or performance characteristics. Typically, FOD is an aviation term used to describe debris on or around an aircraft or damage done to an aircraft.[1] Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...
The Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS101 is a turboshaft engine family rangine from 650 to 850 shaft horsepower, used in a number of popular helicopters[1] and (as the LTP101) light aircraft. ...
Schematic diagram showing the operation of a simplified turboshaft engine. ...
A Bell 222 Bell 222U The Bell 222 is a helicopter built by Bell Helicopter Textron. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 499 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Foreign object damage Metadata This file...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 499 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Foreign object damage Metadata This file...
The PT6 is a turboprop aircraft engine manufactured by Pratt & Whitney Canada and is the most popular turboprop in history [1]. It has an unusual design in that the air enters from the rear of the engine and the power section is at the front. ...
It has been suggested that CH-146 Griffon be merged into this article or section. ...
"Internal FOD" is used to refer to damage or hazards caused by foreign objects inside the aircraft. For example, "Cockpit FOD" might be used to describe a situation where a clipboard, water bottle, or other item gets loose in the cockpit and jams or restricts the operation of the controls. "Tool FOD" is a serious hazard caused by tools left inside the aircraft after servicing. Tools or other items can get tangled in control cables, jam moving parts, short out electrical connections, or otherwise interfere with safe flight. Aircraft maintenance teams usually have strict tool control procedures including toolbox inventories to make sure all tools have been removed from an aircraft before it is released for flight.
FOD costs the aerospace industry $4 billion USD per year and causes expensive, significant damage every year to aircraft and parts and may cause death and injury to workers, pilots and passengers. USD redirects here. ...
Examples
Examples of FOD include: - Bird strikes: when an aeroplane flies into a bird, the impact can cause severe damage to the fuselage or engine, or even directly injure those aboard the aircraft if the bird strikes the aircraft in such a way as to enter the cockpit and/or cabin.
- Rock or other metal parts: Usually occurs when the aircraft is taking off or landing. The intake suction from a jet engine is often powerful enough to suck up loose material lying on the runway, and the winds created by a helicopter or prop-driven aircraft's rotors can send such objects airborne, creating hazards to nearby personnel.
- Hail: can break windshields and damage or stop engines.
- Ice on the wings
- Dust or ash clogging the air intakes (as in sandstorms in desert operating conditions or ash clouds in volcanic eruptions). For helicopters, this is also a major problem during a Brownout.
- Tools, bolts, metal shavings, etc. mistakenly left inside aircraft during the manufacturing process.
All aircraft occasionally lose small metal parts during takeoff and landing. These parts remain on the runway and can cause damage to tyres of other aircraft, hit the fuselage or windshield ("canopy"), or be sucked up into an engine. Although airport ground crews regularly clean up runways, the crash of Air France Flight 4590 demonstrated that accidents can still occur: in that case, the crash was caused by debris left by a flight that had departed only four minutes earlier. F-16 canopy after a bird strike A bird strike (sometimes birdstrike, bird hit, or BASH [bird aircraft strike hazard]) in aviation, is a collision between an airborne animal (most often a bird, but also sometimes another species) and a man made vehicle, especially aircraft. ...
The fuselage can be short, and seemingly unaerodynamic, as in this Christen Eagle 2 The fuselage (from the French fuselé spindle-shaped) is an aircrafts main body section that holds crew and passengers or cargo. ...
A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ...
This article is about the precipitation. ...
Look up sandstorm in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about volcanoes in geology. ...
A CH-47 Chinook helicopters downwash kicks up a dust cloud resulting in brownout For other uses, see Brownout (disambiguation). ...
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
This animation from Seconds From Disaster shows the fuel tank on fire Air France Flight 4590 was a Concorde flight from Charles de Gaulle International Airport near Paris, France to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, New York, and operated by Air France. ...
On aircraft carriers, FOD walkdowns are conducted before flight operations begin. A line of crewmen walk shoulder to shoulder along the full length of the flight deck, searching for and removing any foreign objects. The objects removed are often also referred to as "FOD" although they haven't caused any damage. In this context a more appropriate translation of the acronym would be "Foreign Objects and Debris".
Jet engine design and FOD Modern jet engines suffer major damage due to even small birds being sucked into the engine. The FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) requires that all engine types pass a test which includes throwing a fresh chicken (dead, but not frozen) into a running jet engine. The engine does not have to remain functional after the test, but it must not cause significant damage to the rest of the aircraft. Thus, if the bird strike causes it to "throw a blade" (break apart in a way where parts fly off at high speed), doing so must not cause loss of the aircraft. FAA.gov Circular It is reputed that the chicken used in the tests is known in aviation circles to be a specific size and is thus known as an "aviation standard bird". NASA_Chicken_Gun “FAA†redirects here. ...
The (misnamed) NASA Chicken Gun is one of several large diameter compressed air cannon used by the Federal Aviation Administration and US Air Force to test the strength of Aircraft Windshields and the safety of Jet engines. ...
Engine design that avoids FOD Some Military aircraft have a unique design to prevent FOD from damaging the engine. The design consisted of an S-shaped bend in the airflow so that air entered the inlet, was bent back towards the front of the plane, and bent back again towards the back before entering the engine. At the back of the first bend a strong spring held a door shut. Any foreign object flying in the intake flew in, hit the door, opened it, flew through, and then exited the aircraft. Thus, only small objects swept up by the air could enter the engine. This design did indeed prevent FOD problems, but the constriction and drag induced by the bending of the airflow reduced the engine's effective power, and thus the design was not repeated. However, many consider it an innovative solution to a challenging engineering problem.
The Russian MiG-29 fighter has a special engine design to prevent injestion of FOD during take-off from rough airfields. The front air intakes could be closed and special inlets on the top of the plane temporarily opened. This would allow enough airflow to the engine for take-off but reduced the chances of the engine sucking up objects from the ground. The Mikoyan MiG-29 (NATO reporting name Fulcrum) is a Russian fighter aircraft used in the air superiority role. ...
FOD damage examples
Bird strike
Air France Flight 4590 The crash of a Concorde, Air France Flight 4590, at Charles de Gaulle International Airport near Paris was caused by FOD, in this case a piece of titanium debris on the runway which had been part of a thrust reverser and which fell from a Continental Airlines DC-10 that had taken off about four minutes earlier. All 100 passengers and ten crew on board the flight, as well as four people on the ground, were killed. For other uses, see Concorde (disambiguation). ...
This animation from Seconds From Disaster shows the fuel tank on fire Air France Flight 4590 was a Concorde flight from Charles de Gaulle International Airport near Paris, France to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, New York, and operated by Air France. ...
Charles de Gaulle International Airport (IATA: CDG, ICAO: LFPG) (French: ), also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French), in Paris, is one of worlds principal aviation centres, as well as Frances main international airport. ...
This article is about the capital of France. ...
General Name, symbol, number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ...
KLM Fokker 70 with reverse thrust applied. ...
Continental Airlines (NYSE: CAL) is a U.S. certificated air carrier. ...
DC10 redirects here. ...
B-1A crash In the late 1970s, the B-1A bomber began production and the military began flight testing to determine its capabilities and limitations. Very shortly after the aircraft was accepted by the military, there was at least one very high profile crash, shortly after takeoff, from an airfield in North Dakota. The cause of the crash was determined to be FOD. Specifically, the aircraft flew into a flock of geese moments after it lifted from the ground. Many geese struck the leading edge of the wings. Unfortunately, the primary, secondary, and backup hydraulic system lines were all positioned within inches of each other in that section of the wing. The bird strikes dented the aircraft skin, which in turn dented the hydraulic lines and caused loss of pressure in all three systems. The aircraft became uncontrollable and crashed. The B-1 Lancer The Boeing IDS (formerly Rockwell) B-1B Lancer is a long-range strategic bomber in service with the USAF. Together with the B-52 Stratofortress, it is the backbone of the United States long-range bomber force. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area Ranked 19th - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 340 miles (545 km) - % water 2. ...
Geese redirects here. ...
Hydraulically powered cylinders are visible on this excavator. ...
It was determined that the aircraft design was the major factor in this crash, not the birds. Any military jet should be expected to operate in unimproved conditions and probably incur FOD during normal operation. Thus, the design decisions were faulty in that (a) all three hydraulic systems were too close together, (b) they were very close to the outer skin of the aircraft, and (c) they had no extra shielding on the skin nearest this juncture point. The B-1A was a short lived model. The B-1B incorporated many changes including rerouting, separating, and shielding the hydraulics. Six F-16 Fighting Falcons with the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds aerial demonstration team fly in delta formation in front of the Empire State Building. ...
British Airways Flight 9 On 24 June 1982, British Airways Flight 9 on route to Perth, Australia flew into a volcanic ash cloud over the Indian Ocean. The Boeing 747-236B suffered engine surges in all four engines until they all failed. The passengers and crew could see a phenomenon known as St. Elmo's fire around the plane. Flight 9 dived down until it exited the cloud allowing the ash clogging the engines to come out. The cockpit window was badly scratched by the ash particles but the plane landed at Jakarta, Indonesia safely. The 747's paint had been scratched off at the leading edges. is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...
British Airways Flight 9, sometimes referred to as the Jakarta incident,[1] was a scheduled British Airways flight from London Heathrow to Auckland, with stops in Bombay, Madras, Kuala Lumpur, Perth and Melbourne. ...
Location of Perth within Australia This article is about the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. ...
The Boeing 747, sometimes nicknamed the Jumbo Jet,[4][5] is a long-haul, widebody commercial airliner manufactured by Boeing in the United States. ...
St. ...
Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ...
Wildlife and wetlands near airports Significant problems occur with airports where the grounds were or have become nesting areas for birds. While fences can prevent a moose or deer from wandering onto a runway, birds are more difficult to control. Often airports employ a type of bird scarer that operates on propane to cause a loud enough noise to scare away any birds that might be in the vicinity. Airport managers use any means available (including trained falcons) to reduce bird populations. While this may seem cruel, the loss of human life from just one bird-related aircraft crash could be significant. As such, it is necessary to take all possible precautions to prevent such an accident from occurring. In other words, if such an accident occurred, the major (likely 100+) loss of human life would greatly overshadow the death of a single bird that happened to be sucked into the engine of an airplane. For other uses, see Moose (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the ruminent animal. ...
A typical propane gas gun bird scarer. ...
Flying a Saker Falcon Falconry or hawking is an art or sport which involves the use of trained raptors (birds of prey) to hunt or pursue game for humans. ...
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