Germany

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Germany Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_Germany. ... Politics of Germany takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Federal Chancellor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Constitution

Federal Council (Bundesrat) Federal Parliament (Bundestag) Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) Constitutional Court Federal Court of Justice

President Horst Köhler Chancellor Angela Merkel Cabinet

States (Länder) Districts (Kreise)

Elections Political parties Former parties

Human rights Foreign relations EU Politics

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The Federal Republic of Germany is a Central European country and member of the European Union, Group of 8 and NATO (among others). The Federal Republic is one of the world's leading industrialized countries and the biggest market economy in Europe with "windows to the East and West". The Bundesrat (federal council) is the representation of the 16 Federal States (Länder) of Germany at the federal level. ... The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is the parliament of Germany. ... The Federal Convention (Bundesversammlung) is a special body in the institutional system of Germany, convoked only for the purpose of selecting the Bundespräsident every five years. ... The Bundesverfassungsgericht The Federal Constitutional Court (in German: Bundesverfassungsgericht, BVerfG) is a special court established by the German constitutional document, the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). ... The Bundesgerichtshof or BGH (German for federal court) is the highest Germany for civil and criminal lawsuits. ... The President of Germany (German: Bundespräsident) is Germanys head of state. ... Horst Köhler ( ▶(?), born 22 February 1943) is the current President of Germany. ... The head of government of Germany has been known as the Chancellor (German: Kanzler) ever since the creation of the post. ... (pronounced //) (born in Hamburg, Germany on July 17, 1954) is the current Chancellor of Germany. ... The Cabinet of Germany (German: Bundeskabinett, Bundesregierung) is the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Germany is a Federal Republic made up of 16 States, known in German as Länder (singular Land). ... There are 439 German districts (Kreise), administrative units in Germany. ... Elections in Germany gives information on election and election results in Germany, including elections to the Federal Diet (the lower house of the federal parliament), the Landtage of the various states, and local elections. ... This is a list of political parties in Germany. ... Germany is seen to be one of the democratic nations in Europe. ... The Federal Republic of Germany is a Central European country and member of the European Union, Group of 8 and NATO (among others). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links European_flag. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... G-8 work session; July 20-22, 2002. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... European redirects here. ... The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures, social structures and philosophical systems of the East, namely Asia (including China, India, Japan, and surrounding regions). ... See Occident (movement) for the French political movement. ...

Since reunification in 1990 Germany has further extended its responsibilities and central position in European and global affairs. The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) took place on October 3, 1990, when the areas of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, in English commonly called East Germany) were incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, in... This article is about the year. ...

History since 1990

For more information see: History of Germany since 1945 It has been suggested that West Germany be merged into this article or section. ...

Since 1951, Germany has been at the heart of European Integration and after German reunification in 1990 further promoted peaceful integration with its neighbors. Strong ties with the United States remain central to German foreign policy. 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

Within the framework of NATO and an integrated European Defence Force, the Federal Republic has resumed the deployment of military units to mediate in conflict regions worldwide. NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... EUFOR former Commander General David Leakey Soldier of the EUFOR participating in operation Spring Lift, as part of Althea The EUFOR or European Union Force is an international military force under the supervision of the European Council. ...

Germany is one of the world's strongest supporters for ecological awareness in response to climate change and global warming. Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years Climate change refers to the variation in the Earths global climate or in regional climates over time. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2005 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades. ...

Centerpieces of German Foreign Policy since 1945

Franco-German cooperation

see main article Franco-German cooperation François Mitterrand and Helmut Kohl in Verdun in 1984 The Franco-German Cooperation or Franco-German Partnership are terms to describe the high collaboration between the countries of France and Germany in the post-1945 world. ...

Being the historic core of Europe and the "twin engine for European integration", the cooperation with France is one of the most central element of German foreign policy. The Elysée Treaty from 1963 set the foundation for a collaboration that - next to the European project - also repeatedly called for a "Core Union" with maximum integration 1. European redirects here. ... The Franco-German cooperation or the Franco-German locomotive are terms used to describe the highly collaborative countries of France and Germany, especially in the context of European Union. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

European Integration

European Integration has gone a long way since the ECSC and the Elysée Treaty. Peaceful collaborations with its neighbors remain one of Germany's biggest political objectives, and Germany has been on the forefront of most achievements made in European integration: Image File history File links European_flag. ... The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was founded in 1951 (Treaty of Paris), by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands to pool the steel and coal resources of its member-states, thus preventing another European war. ... The Franco-German cooperation or the Franco-German locomotive are terms used to describe the highly collaborative countries of France and Germany, especially in the context of European Union. ...

• Maastricht Treaty

Most of the social issues facing European countries in general: immigration, aging populations, straining social-welfare and pension systems - are all important in Germany. Germany seeks to maintain peace through the "deepening" of integration among current members of the European Union member states The Maastricht Treaty (formally, the Treaty on European Union) was signed on 7 February 1992 in Maastricht between the members of the European Community and entered into force on 1 November 1993, under the Delors Commission. ...

• European Defence Force
• Introduction of the single currency € Euro

Germany has been the largest net contributor to EU budgets for decades (in absolute terms - given Germany's comparatively large population - not per capita) and seeks to limit the growth of these net payments in the enlarged union. EUFOR former Commander General David Leakey Soldier of the EUFOR participating in operation Spring Lift, as part of Althea The EUFOR or European Union Force is an international military force under the supervision of the European Council. ... ISO 4217 Code EUR User(s) European Union; eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; outside eurozone: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Kosovo, French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte. ...

• European Constitution

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, commonly referred to as the European Constitution, is an international treaty intended to create a constitution for the European Union. ...

Westbindung

"Bindung" is the German word for fixation or bond; "Westbindung" is Germany's implant into Western Europe and the Western World. A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ... See Occident (movement) for the French political movement. ...

In particular during the Cold War - but continuous into the 21st century - (West-) German foreign policy pursues the country's integration into NATO and a strong co-operation and collective security with its Western partners. For other uses, please see Cold War (disambiguation). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... Collective Security is a system aspiring to the maintenance of peace, in which participants agree that any breach of the peace is to be declared to be of concern to all the participating states, and will result in a collective response. ...

As a free democracy and market economy, the world's largest exporting nation and the world's third-richest economy (nominal GDP) (behind the U.S. and Japan), Germany shares the interest and institutions of a free and secure world trade. Countries by nominal GDP. Source: IMF (2005) This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ...

Israel and the Near East

Main articles: Germany-Israel relations, Jews in Germany, and Iran-Germany relations

Following German history during the Holocaust, one of Postwar Germany's aims were to establish and maintain relations of Wiedergutmachung with the State of Israel. Starting with the Reparations Agreement in 1952, support for the national security of the State of Israel is central to German foreign policy. Israel and Germany maintain a special relationship based on shared beliefs, Western values and a combination of historical perspectives. ... Jews have lived in Germany and contributed to German culture for over 1700 years, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of anti-semitic violence, culminating in the Holocaust and the destruction of the Jewish community in Germany and much of Europe. ... The relations between Germany and Iran have been some of the closest between any western nation and post-1979 Iran. ... The history of Germany is, in places, extremely complicated and depends much on how one defines Germany. ... Selection procedure of Hungarian Jews at the Auschwitz camp on 26 May 1944, where the Nazis chose whom to kill immediately and whom to use as slave labor or for medical experimentation. ... The German word Wiedergutmachung after World War II refers to the reparations that the German government agreed to pay to the direct survivors of the Holocaust, and to those who were made to work as forced labour or who otherwise became victims of the National Socialists. ... The Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany was signed in 1952. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Germany has been actively involved in the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty in 1979, the Oslo Accords (1993) which led to the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty in 1994 and the continuous Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict which make Germany arguably (next to the United States) Israel's closest ally. The Israel-Jordan peace treaty was signed at the southern border crossing of Wadi Araba on October 26, 1994, and made Jordan only the second Arab country (after Egypt) to normalize relations with Israel. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), were finalized in Oslo, Norway on August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993, with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The Israel-Jordan peace treaty was signed at the southern border crossing of Wadi Araba on October 26, 1994, and made Jordan only the second Arab country (after Egypt) to normalize relations with Israel. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ...

Germany also holds a special relationship with Turkey and is active in maintaining diplomatic relationships with Iran.

Ostpolitik

see main article Ostpolitik Ostpolitik or Eastern Politics describes the realisation of the Change through Rapprochement principle, verbalised by Egon Bahr in 1963, by the effort of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, to normalize relations with Eastern European nations including East Germany. ...

During the postwar era, the FRG sought to improve relationship with the countries of Eastern Europe, first establishing trade agreements and subsequently, diplomatic relations. Eastern Europe is the eastern region of Europe variably defined. ...

Development Aid

Germany is one of the largest net contributors of the UNO and has several development agencies working in Africa and the Middle East. Look up UNO in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

German reunification

see main article German reunification Template:Infobox Chancellor Dr. Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born April 3, 1930) is a Catholic German conservative politician and statesman. ... The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) took place on October 3, 1990, when the areas of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, in English commonly called East Germany) were incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, in...

After the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany, German reunification took effect on October 3rd 1990. Berlin Wall on November 16, 1989 The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was a long barrier separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the surrounding territory of East Germany. ... The Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany is the final peace treaty negotiated between the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, and the Four Powers which occupied Germany at the end of World War II in Europe: France, the United Kingdom, the United States and... This article is about the year. ...

On November 14, 1990, Germany and Poland signed a treaty confirming the Oder-Neisse line. They also concluded a cooperation treaty on June 17, 1991. Germany concluded four treaties with the Soviet Union covering the overall bilateral relationship, economic relations, the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the territory of the former GDR, and German support for those troops. November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining until the end of the year. ... This article is about the year. ... The Oder-Neisse line (German: , Polish: ) is the border between Germany and Poland. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem: Auferstanden aus Ruinen   Capital East Berlin, in spite of status as part of an occupied city Government Socialist state  - Last Head of State Sabine Bergmann-Pohl  - Last Head of Government Lothar de Maizière History    - Established October 7, 1949   - Final Settlement September 25, 1990   - Disestablished October 3, 1990  Area...

Russia accepted obligations under these treaties as successor to the Soviet Union.

Centerpieces of German Foreign Policy since 1990

Central & Eastern Europe

EU Monetary Union and the single currency euro in 2004

• OSCE
• NATO enlargement

The German government was a strong supporter of the enlargement of NATO. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1165x1200, 488 KB) English Description: Economic and Monetary Union, map en Source: own map, based on the Generic Mapping Tools and ETOPO2 Author: San Jose, 18 June 2006 Other versions: map in German, map in French, map without text Deutsch Beschreibung... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1165x1200, 488 KB) English Description: Economic and Monetary Union, map en Source: own map, based on the Generic Mapping Tools and ETOPO2 Author: San Jose, 18 June 2006 Other versions: map in German, map in French, map without text Deutsch Beschreibung... ISO 4217 Code EUR User(s) European Union; eurozone: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; outside eurozone: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Kosovo, French Guiana, Réunion, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ...

• Balkan Crisis

German troops participate in the multinational efforts to bring peace and stability to the Balkans. The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that took place between 1991 and 2001. ... Balkan peninsula with northwest border Isonzo-Krka-Sava The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of southeastern Europe. ...

• European Union enlargement

Weimar triangle; Germany continues to be active economically in the states of central and eastern Europe, and to actively support the development of democratic institutions. In the 2000s Germany has been arguably the centerpiece of the European Union (though the importance of France cannot be overlooked in this connection). The term Weimar Triangle refers to a loose grouping of Poland, Germany, and France. ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

(see also Foreign relations of the European Union) Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Austria Foreign relations of Belgium Foreign relations of Cyprus Foreign relations of the Czech Republic Foreign relations of Denmark Foreign relations of Estonia Foreign relations of Finland Foreign relations of France Foreign relations of Germany Foreign relations of Greece Foreign relations...

Russia

Germany tries to keep Russia engaged with the Western world. The future aim is to promote a stable market-economy liberal democracy in Russia, which is part of the Western world.

The People's Republic of China

Germany has traditionally good relationships with the People's Republic of China (see Sino-German cooperation). In recent years trade between both countries has reached high volumes, both in import and exports. Close Sino-German cooperation, dating back to the 1920s, was instrumental in modernising the industry and the armed forces of the Republic of China, especially in the period immediately preceding the Second Sino-Japanese War. ...

Ecological Involvement

see also Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change UNFCCC Logo. ... IPCC is science authority for the UNFCCC The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to assess the risk of human-induced climate change. The Panel is open to all...

Kyoto protocol Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ...

Initiative for a Permanent Seat in the UNSC

As member of the G4 nations, the German Federal Government began an initiative to obtain a permanent seat in the Security Council of the United Nations, as part of the Reform of the United Nations. This would require approval of a two-thirds majority of the member states and approval of all five Security Council veto powers. G4 countries. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... In recent years, there have been many calls for reform of the United Nations. ...

This aspiration could be successful due to Germany's good relations with the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. Furthermore, Germany's long-term relation to France may support this. Germany is a stable and democratic republic and a G7 country which are also favourable attributes. The United Kingdom and France support German ascension to the supreme body. [1] The U.S. are sending mixed signals. 1983 G-7 Economic Summit in Williamsburg, Virginia (left to right) Pierre Trudeau, Gaston Thorn, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Ronald Reagan, Yasuhiro Nakasone, Margaret Thatcher, Amintore Fanfani. ... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ...

War on terror

Former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder with U.S. President George W. Bush at the White House in 2001

In 2001, the discovery that the terrorist cell which carried out the attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, was based in Hamburg, sent shock waves through the country. Image File history File links U.S. President George W. Bush walks with German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder at the White House on Thursday, March 29, 2001. ... Image File history File links U.S. President George W. Bush walks with German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder at the White House on Thursday, March 29, 2001. ...   [] (born April 7, 1944), German politician, was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American businessman and politician, was elected in 2000 as the 43rd President of the United States of America, re-elected in 2004, and is currently serving his second term in that office. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ...

The government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder backed the following U.S. military actions, sending Bundeswehr troops to Afghanistan to lead a joint NATO program to provide security in the country after the ousting of the Taliban.   [] (born April 7, 1944), German politician, was Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. ... The Bundeswehr ( ) (Federal Defence) is the armed forces of Germany and its administration. ... Flag flown by the Taliban. ...

Most of the public was strongly against America's 2003 invasion of Iraq, and any deployment of troops. This position was shared by the SPD/Green government, which led to some friction with the United States. This article regards the 2003 invasion of iraq. ...

In August 2006, the German government disclosed a botched plot to bomb two German trains. The attack was to occur in July 2006 and involved a 21-year-old Lebanese man, identified only as Youssef Mohammed E. H. Prosecutors said Youssef and another man left suitcases stuffed with crude propane-gas bombs on the trains.

Foreign Military Relations

Under the doctrine introduced by the 2003 Defense Policy Guidelines, Germany continues to give priority to the transatlantic partnership with the United States through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. However, Germany is giving increasing attention to coordinating its policies with the European Union through the Common European Security and Defence Policy. NATO 2002 Summit The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), sometimes called North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for defence collaboration established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on April 4, 1949. ...

German-American relations

see main article German-American relations German-American relations are the transatlantic relations between Germany and the United States and between the German and American people in particular. ...

Since 2006, the current chancellor Angela Merkel seeks to intensify relations with the United States and to rebuild political relations based on common values and beliefs. 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The head of government of Germany has been known as the Chancellor (German: Kanzler) ever since the creation of the post. ... (pronounced //) (born in Hamburg, Germany on July 17, 1954) is the current Chancellor of Germany. ...

Membership in International Institutions

European Council, European Union, European Space Agency, G4, G8, IMF, NATO, OECD, OSCE, UNO, World Bank Group, WTO The European Council, informally called the European summit, is a meeting of the heads of state or government of the European Union, and the President of the European Commission. ... The European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1975, is an inter-governmental organization dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member states. ... G4 countries. ... The Group of Eight (G8) consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... The World Bank Group is a group of five international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development and poverty reduction, and for encouraging and safeguarding international investment. ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ...

See also

• Security issues in Germany

Security issues in Germany covers the major threats to Germanys national and international security. ...

Further reading

• Germany in Europe
• The German Economy in the New Europe
• The United States, Germany and Europe: Building a Global Agenda
• EU Enlargement and Transatlantic Relations

External links

• Permanent Mission of Germany to the United Nations
• Auswärtiges Amt
• Internationale Politik
• AICGS American Institute for Contemporary German Studies
• SWP German Institute for International and Security Affairs