In 1991, the Argentine Currency Board pegged the monetary value of the Argentine peso to the United States dollar by law. The fixed exchange rate (1 peso to the dollar) allowed for a macroeconomic stabilization. Argentine firms increased capital goods purchases from 1993 to 1999, taking advantage of this low exchange rate and on the lower tariffs on imports after the free trade liberalization measures taken by President Carlos Menem's administration. Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... The Argentine Currency Board pegged the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar between 1991 and 2002 in an attempt to eliminate hyperinflation and stimulate economic growth. ... The Argentine peso (originally established as the nuevo peso argentino or peso convertible) is the currency of Argentina. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... A fixed exchange rate, sometimes (less commonly) called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime wherein a currencys value is matched to the value of another single currency or to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

The influx of imported machines and supplies helped the modernization of the country's industrial base, but negatively impacted its trade balance. Balance of trade figures are the sum of the money gained by a given economy by selling exports, minus the cost of buying imports. ...

The U. S. trade surplus with Argentina was $2,400 million in 1999, down slightly from 1998. Fresh Argentine beef was exported to the U. S. market in 1997 for the first time in over 60 years, and in 1999 its export quota of 20,000 tons was filled. However, beef exports to the U. S. were suspended in August 2000 when some Argentine cattle (near Paraguay) were discovered to have anti-bodies for hoof and mouth disease. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation). ... Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), sometimes called hoof-and-mouth disease, is a highly contagious but non-fatal viral disease of cattle and pigs. ...

Argentina's trade deficit dropped from $5,000 million in 1998 to $2,200 million in 1999, primarily because the recession lowered demand for imports. The overall value of 1999 Argentine exports fell 12%, due mainly to low international commodity prices, while imports dropped 19% from 1998. Balance of trade figures are the sum of the money gained by a given economy by selling exports, minus the cost of buying imports. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Effects of the 2001 crisis

Immediately after the collapse of the Argentine economy at the end of 2001 and the devaluation of the peso in 2002, imports fell sharply and Argentina's trade deficit became a surplus. As recovery continued and the exchange rate stabilized around 3 pesos/dollar, exports (mainly beef, soy and other agricultural products, as well as petroleum) grew steadily. The Argentine economic crisis was part of the situation that affected Argentinas economy during the late 1990s and early 2000s. ... Devaluation is a reduction in the value of a currency with respect to other monetary units. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Imports began recovering in 2003, as the purchasing power of companies and individuals increased, and experienced further growth in 2004. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Purchasing Power- the amount of value of a good/services compared to the amount paid. ...

Argentina's exports and imports (FOB), in millions of USD, 1992-2004.

Image File history File links A chart showing the amount of exports and imports of Argentina, from 1992 to 2004. ... Image File history File links A chart showing the amount of exports and imports of Argentina, from 1992 to 2004. ... Look up fob, FOB in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Mercosur

Mercosur, the customs union that includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, entered into force January 1, 1995. Chile and Bolivia joined the pact subsequently as associate members. Cooperation between Brazil and Argentina (historic competitors) is the key to Mercosur's integration process, which includes political and military elements in addition to a customs union. Brazil accounts for more than 70% of Mercosur GDP and Argentina about 27%. Intra-Mercosur trade rose dramatically from $4,000 million in 1991 to over $23,000 million in 1998. More than 90% of intra-Mercosur trade is duty-free, while the group's common external tariff (CET) applies to more than 85% of imported goods. Remaining goods will be phased into the CET by 2006. Motto (Spanish) (Portuguese) (Guaraní) Our North is the South  â€¢  â€¢ Pro Tempore Secretariat Montevideo, Uruguay Largest city São Paulo, Brazil Official languages 3 Portuguese Spanish Guaraní Membership 5 Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela Leaders  -  Carlos Álvarez Establishment  -  Declaration of Foz do Iguaçu 30 December 1985   -  Treaty of Asunción... A customs union is a free trade area with a Common External Tariff. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

Brazil's higher level of industrialization and production capacity, as well as other economic asymmetries, have been a source of tension with Argentina. In recent years, Argentina's recovering industrial sector has pressured the government to obtain restrictions (especially quotas) on Mercosur's free trade regulations, in order to protect their growth from what they see as disloyal competition from their larger partner to the north.

Intellectual property issues

Argentina adheres to most treaties and international agreements on intellectual property. It is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization and signed the Uruguay Round agreements in December 1993, including measures related to intellectual property. However, extension of adequate patent protection to pharmaceuticals has been a highly contentious bilateral issue. For the 2006 film, see Intellectual Property (film). ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (French: Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle or OMPI) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ...

In May 1997, the U. S. suspended 50% of Argentina's GSP benefits because of its allegedly unsatisfactory pharmaceutical patent law. In May 1999, The U. S. Government initiated consultations under WTO procedures to address these inadequacies and expanded the consultations in May 2000. For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ...

Exports and imports

Last available data on exports are from 2004. Such qualitative data on imports are not immediately available. INDEC provides import usage estimates for 2005.

Argentine exports are mainly of the agricultural type. Soybean products (the beans themselves, oils, etc.) account for 22.2% of the total exports. Cereals (mostly wheat and maize) make up for 8.5%. Binomial name (L.) Merr. ... This article is about cereals in general. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... This article is about the maize plant. ...

The petroleum-related complex takes up 20% of the total exports. Oil and natural gas account for over three quarters of that amount, while petrochemical industries play a smaller part. Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... For other uses, see Natural gas (disambiguation). ... Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ...

Next come the automotive complex and the bovine products (beef, leather and milk), each about 7% of the total exports, and the smaller siderurgical industry (3.4%). Tribes Bovini Boselaphini Strepsicerotini The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of about 24 medium-sized to large ungulates, including domestic cattle, bison, the Water Buffalo, the Yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. ... For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation). ... Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. ... A glass of cows milk. ... Siderurgy (from Latin sidus - star and Greek ergon - work) is a process consisting of extracting iron from iron ore by heating, first mixed with combustibles then separated in a melting pot. ...

Industrial manufactures not covered by the other categories make up 11% of the exports.

The country also trades in (by descending order of participation in the total): fruits, fish, paper and timber, copper, aluminium, grapes, sheep products, tobacco, and cotton.

During 2005 Argentina's exports reached a historical high of 40,013 million USD (16% up from 2004), while imports grew 28% to 28,992 million USD, resulting in a trade surplus of 11,322 million USD (6.4% less than the one recorded in 2004). The largest growth in exports was found in the industrial manufacturing sector (25%). [1]

In March 2006, after several unsuccessful attempts to contain rising beef prices in the internal market, the national government suspended all beef exports, with a few exceptions, for 180 days, a drastic measure intended to redirect up to 600,000 tonnes for internal consumption.

From a non official source Foreign Trade of Argentina, these are the main definitive imported products on year 2006, on year 2005 and on year 2004; and for export statistics, these are the main definitive exported products on year 2006, on year 2005 and on year 2004.

Sources

• Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (statistics available in Spanish and English)