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The term formalism describes an emphasis on form over content or meaning in the arts, literature, or philosophy. A practitioner of formalism is called a formalist. The Arts is a broad subdivision of culture, comprised of many expressive disciplines. ...
Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ...
The philosopher Socrates about to take poison hemlock as ordered by the court. ...
Religion Formalism in religion means an emphasis on ritual and observance, over their meanings. A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value, which is prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. ...
Law -
Formalism is a school of thought in law and jurisprudence which assumes that the law is a system of rules that can determine the outcome of any case, without reference to external norms. For example, formalism animates the commonly heard criticism that "judges should apply the law, not make it." To formalism's rival, legal realism, this criticism is incoherent, because Legal realism assumes that, at least in difficult cases, all applications of the law will require that a judge refer to external (i.e. non-legal) sources, such as the judge's conception of justice, or commerical norms. Legal formalism is a Positivist view in jurisprudence and the philosophy of law. ...
Philosophers of law ask what is law? and what should it be? Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. ...
Criticism In general in the study of the arts and literature, formalism refers to the style of criticism that focuses on artistic or literary techniques in themselves, in separation from the work's social and historical context.
Art criticism -
Aesthetically speaking, formalism is the concept that everything necessary in a work of art is contained within it. The context for the work, including the reason for its creation, the historical background, and the life of the artist, is not considered to be significant. Examples of formalist aestheticians are Clive Bell, Jerome Stolnitz, and Edward Bullough. Look up formalism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Arthur Clive Howard Bell (September 16, 1881 – September 18, 1964) was an English critic, associated with the Bloomsbury group. ...
Literary criticism -
In contemporary discussions of literary theory, the school of criticism of I. A. Richards and his followers, traditionally the New Criticism, has sometimes been labelled 'formalist'. The formalist approach, in this sense, is a continuation of aspects of classical rhetoric. Formalism is literary critcism. ...
Literary theory is the theory (or the philosophy) of the interpretation of literature and literary criticism. ...
Ivor Armstrong Richards (February 26, 1893-1979) was an influential literary critic and rhetorician. ...
New Criticism was the dominant trend in English and American literary criticism of the early twentieth century, from the 1920s to the early 1960s. ...
Rhetoric (from Greek , rhêtôr, orator, teacher) is generally understood to be the art or technique of persuasion through the use of oral language and written language; however, this definition of rhetoric has been contested since rhetoric emerged as a field of study in Universities. ...
Russian formalism was a twentieth century school, based in Eastern Europe, with roots in linguistic studies and also theorising on fairy tales, in which content is taken as secondary since the tale 'is' the form, the princess 'is' the fairy-tale princess. // Introduction The distinctive feature of Russian Formalism is the emphasis on the functional role of literary devices and the original conception of the evolution of literary history. ...
A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ...
The Arts
Poetry In modern poetry, Formalist poets may be considered as the opposite of writers of free verse. These are just labels, and rarely sum up matters satisfactorily. 'Formalism' in poetry represents an attachment to poetry that recognises and uses schemes of rhyme and rhythm to create poetic effects and to innovate. To distinguish it from archaic poetry the term 'neo-formalist' is sometimes used. Free verse (also at times referred to as vers libre) is a term describing various styles of poetry that are not written using strict meter or rhyme, but that still are recognizable as poetry by virtue of complex patterns of one sort or another that readers will perceive to be...
See for example:
The Formalist: A Journal of Metrical Poetry was a literary periodical, edited by William Baer, which was published twice a year from 1990 to the fall/winter issue of 2004. ...
New Formalism is a late-twentieth and early twenty-first century movement in American poetry that has promoted a return to metrical and rhymed verse. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Film -
In film studies, formalism is a trait in filmmaking, which overtly uses the language of film, such as editing, shot composition, camera movement, set design, etc., so as to emphasise graphical (as opposed to diegetic) qualities of the image. Strict formalism, condemned by realist film theorists such as Andre Bazin, has declined substantially in popular usage since the 1950s, though some more postmodern filmmakers reference it to suggest the artificiality of the film experience. Formalist film theory is a theory of film study that is focused on the formal, or technical, elements of a film: i. ...
Film theory seeks to develop concise, systematic concepts that apply to the study of film/cinema as art. ...
Look up edit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Composition is the plan, placement or arrangement of the elements of art in a work. ...
Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. ...
Andr Bazin (April 18, 1918–November 11, 1958) was a famous and influential French film critic and film theorist. ...
Examples of formalist films may include Eisenstein's The Battleship Potemkin, Parajanov's The Color of Pomegranates, Resnais's Last Year at Marienbad and Hitchcock's Blackmail. The Battleship Potemkin (Russian: , ), sometimes rendered as The Battleship Potyomkin, is a 1925 silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and produced by Mosfilm. ...
Sergei Parajanov and Lilya Brik, a sister of Aragons wife Elsa Triolet. ...
The Colour of Pomegranates (Sayat Nova) is a 1970 art film by the Armenian director Sergei Parajanov, considered a masterpiece by Fellini, Jean-Luc Godard and Antonioni. ...
Still from Lannée dernière à Marienbad Lannée dernière à Marienbad (translated as Last Year in Marienbad in the UK and Last Year at Marienbad in North America) is a 1961 French movie directed by Alain Resnais, starring Delphine Seyrig, Giorgio Albertazzi, Sacha Pitoëff. ...
Blackmail (1929), directed by Alfred Hitchcock, was one of the first British films with sound. ...
Intellectual method Formalism can be applied to a set of notations and rules for manipulating them which yield results in agreement with experiment or other techniques of calculation. These rules and notations may or may not have a corresponding mathematical semantics. In the case no mathematical semantics exists, the calculations are often said to be purely formal. See for example scientific formalism. Scientific formalism is a possible term for two aspects of the presentation of science, particularly relevant to the physical sciences. ...
Mathematics In the foundations of mathematics, formalism is associated with a certain rigorous mathematical method: see formal system. In common usage, a formalism means the out-turn of the effort towards formalisation of a given limited area. In other words, matters can be formally discussed once captured in a formal system, or commonly enough within something formalisable with claims to be one. Complete formalisation is in the domain of computer science. Foundations of mathematics is a term sometimes used for certain fields of mathematics itself, namely for mathematical logic, axiomatic set theory, proof theory, model theory, and recursion theory. ...
In logic and mathematics, a formal system consists of two components, a formal language plus a set of inference rules or transformation rules. ...
In logic, mathematics, and computer science, a formal system is a formal grammar used for modelling purposes. ...
Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ...
Formalism also more precisely refers to a certain school in the philosophy of mathematics, stressing axiomatic proofs through theorems specifically associated with David Hilbert. In the philosophy of mathematics, therefore, a formalist is a person who belongs to the school of formalism, which is a certain mathematical-philosophical doctrine descending from Hilbert. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Look up theorem in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
David Hilbert (January 23, 1862, Königsberg, East Prussia – February 14, 1943, Göttingen, Germany) was a German mathematician, recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Anthropology In economic anthropology, formalism is the theoretical perspective that the principles of neoclassical economics can be applied to our understanding of all human societies. Economic anthropology is an approach to the central questions of anthropology through the lens of economics. ...
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