It has been suggested that the section Engines from the article Formula One car be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Since its inception in 1947, Formula One has used a variety of engine regulations. The origin of the name Formula comes from the use of a maximum engine capacity and single weight regulation. "Formulas" limiting engine capacity had been used in Grand Prix racing on a regular basis since after World War I. The engine formulae are divided according to era. Formula One - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... An engine is something that produces an effect from a given input. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Operation

Formula One currently uses four-stroke V8, naturally-aspirated reciprocating engines. They typically produce 300 horsepower per litre of displacement, far higher than most internal combustion engines. For comparison, the naturally-aspirated piston engine production car with the most specific power is the Honda S2000 engine with 92kW (125PS) per litre. The four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today (cars and trucks, generators, etc). ... The Liberty V8 aircraft engine clearly shows the configuration A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders. ... A naturally-aspirated engine (NA - aspiration meaning breathing) refers to an internal combustion engine (normally petrol or diesel powered) that is neither turbocharged nor supercharged. ... Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... This page lists superlatives of the automobile industry - that is, the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and other such topics. ... “S2000” redirects here. ...

Formula 1 engines derive their power through their ability to operate at a very high rotational speeds, up to 20,000 revolutions per minute (rpm). This contrasts with road car engines of a similar size which operate safely at typically less than 7,000 RPM. However, the torque (turning power at a given speed) of a Formula 1 engine is not much higher than a conventional gas engine. For example, the 2.4 litre Toyota engine producing 544 kw (740 PS) at 19000 RPM, outputs 274 N.m thus a 14,3 bar mean effective pressure. This is comparable with the 14,3bar maximum MEP of the 2003 BMW E46 M3 CSL, the best production car in this respect, although the F1 torque value is perhaps higher at a lower rotational speed. Torque applied via an adjustable end wrench Relationship between force, torque, and momentum vectors in a rotating system In physics, torque (or often called a moment) can informally be thought of as rotational force or angular force which causes a change in rotational motion. ... The mean effective pressure is an abstraction of the pressure exerted into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. ... The E46 automobile platform is the fourth generation of BMWs highly successful 3 Series entry-level luxury car / compact executive car. ... This page lists superlatives of the automobile industry - that is, the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and other such topics. ...

Consequently, high power is obtained in making the engines turn faster, a goal sought ever since research into performance engines began. The configuration of naturally aspirated engines has not been greatly modified since the Cosworth DFV, and their mean effective pressure stayed around 14 bars.^[1] Until the 1980s, the metal valve springs limited revoltions to about 12,000 per minute, but since the 1990s they have been replaced by pressurised air, allowing up to 20,000 rpm. The Cosworth DFV V8 engine (DFV standing for double four valve) was the most successful in the history of Formula 1/Grand Prix motor racing. ...

The stroke is the distance the piston travels in one revolution. A shorter stroke enables a higher rotating speed at a constant mean piston speed, also made possible in part by advances in metallurgy to withstand the accelerations. Shortening the stroke however, implies enlarging the bore, resulting in a less efficient combustion chamber. The stroke of an F1 engine is approximately 40 mm, less than half as long as the bore is wide (98 mm), in an "over-square" configuration. The mean piston speed is the average speed of the piston in a reciprocating engine. ... Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ...

History

1947-1953

This era used pre-war voiturette engine regulations, with 4.5 L atmospheric and 1.5 L supercharged engines. Formula 2 cars were allowed, and the World Championship was run under F2 rules in 1952 and 1953, but F1 races were still held in those years. The Indianapolis 500 used pre-war Grand Prix regulations, with 4.5 L atmospheric and 3.0 L supercharged engines. The power range was up to 425 hp. A supercharger (also known as a blower, a positive displacement pump or a centrifugal pumper) is a gas compressor used to pump air into the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. ...

• Alta inline-4 1.5 L Compressor
• Alfa Romeo inline-8 1.5 L Compressor
• Bristol inline-6 2.0 L
• BRM V16 1.5 L
• ERA inline-6 1.5 L Compressor
• Ferrari inline-4 2.0 L (F2), V12 1.5 L Compressor, V12 2.0 L (F2) and V12 4.5 L
• Lea-Francis inline-4 2.0 L (F2)
• Maserati inline-4 1.5 L Compressor and inline-6 2.0 L (F2)
• Simca-Gordini inline-4 1.5 L Compressor
• Talbot-Lago inline-6 4.5 L

The Alta Car and Engineering Company was a sports and racing car manufacturer from England, commonly known simply as Alta. ... During its history, Alfa Romeo has competed successfully in many different categories of motorsport, including Formula One, sportscar racing, touring car racing and rallies. ... Bristol Cars is a manufacturer of hand-built luxury cars, based at Filton, near Bristol, England. ... British Racing Motors (generally known as BRM) was a British Formula 1 motor racing team. ... English Racing Automobiles (ERA) was a Formula One constructor from 1950 through 1952. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Lea-Francis was a motor manufacturing company that began life building bicycles. ... Present Maserati logo A 1957 Maserati 200SI at the Scarsdale Concours Maserati Birdcage 1959 Maserati 5000 GT Coupe Maserati Sebring Maserati is a famous Italian manufacturer of racing cars and sports cars, established in 1914 in Bologna. ... Simca Rallye 2 Simca is a now-defunct French automobile manufacturer, which also produced cars in Brazil and Spain in the 1960s. ... Gordini was a Formula One constructor and engine manufacturer from 1950 until 1956. ... Talbot-Lago was a French automobile manufacturer at Suresnes, Seine. ...

1954-1960

Engine size was reduced for 2.5 L. 750 cc supercharged cars were allowed but no constructor built one for the World Championship. The Indianapolis 500 continued to use old pre-war regulations. The power range was up to 290 hp. Indy 500 redirects here. ...

• Alta inline-4 2.5 L
• BRM inline-4 2.5 L
• Coventry Climax inline-4 2.0 L and inline-4 2.5 L
• Ferrari inline-4 2.5 L and V6 2.5 L
• Lancia V8 2.5 L
• Maserati inline-6 2.5 L and V12 2.5 L
• Mercedes double-inline-4 2.5 L
• Vanwall inline-4 2.5 L

The Alta Car and Engineering Company was a sports and racing car manufacturer from England, commonly known simply as Alta. ... British Racing Motors (generally known as BRM) was a British Formula 1 motor racing team. ... Coventry Climax was a British specialty engine manufacturer. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Lancia (Lan-cha) is an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat group in 1969. ... Present Maserati logo A 1957 Maserati 200SI at the Scarsdale Concours Maserati Birdcage 1959 Maserati 5000 GT Coupe Maserati Sebring Maserati is a famous Italian manufacturer of racing cars and sports cars, established in 1914 in Bologna. ... This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ... Vanwall was a Formula One team in the 1950s. ...

1961-1965

Introduced in 1961 amidst some criticism, the new reduced engine 1.5 L formula took control of F1 just as every team and manufacturer switched from front to mid-engined cars. Although these were initially underpowered, five years later average power had increased by nearly 50%. Lap times were better than in 1960 anyway. The old 2.5 L formula had been retained for International Formula racing, but this didn't achieve much success until the introduction of the Tasman Series in Australia and New Zealand during the winter season, leaving the 1.5 L cars as the fastest single seaters in Europe during this time. The power range was between 150 and 225 hp. The Tasman Series was a race series held mainly in the 1960s, in Australia and New Zealand, with cars similar to Formula One, yet according to the engine rules that were in effect until 1960. ...

• ATS V8 1.5 L
• BRM V8 1.5 L
• Coventry Climax inline-4 1.5 L, V8 1.5 L and Flat-16 1.5 L (never raced)
• Ferrari V6 1.5 L, V8 1.5 L and Flat-12 1.5 L
• Honda V12 1.5 L aircooled
• Porsche Flat-4 1.5 L aircooled and Flat-8 1.5 L aircooled

ATS (Automobili Turismo e Sport) was an Italian automotive constructor and racing team that operated between 1963 and 1965, formed after the famous Palace Revolution at Ferrari. ... British Racing Motors (generally known as BRM) was a British Formula 1 motor racing team. ... Coventry Climax was a British specialty engine manufacturer. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Honda Racing F1 Team is a Formula One team run by Japanese car manufacturer Honda. ... This article is about the auto company. ...

1966-1986

In 1966, with sports cars capable of outrunning Formula 1 cars thanks to much larger and more powerful engines, the FIA increased engine capacity to 3.0 L atmospheric and 1.5 L supercharged engines. Although a few manufacturers had been clamoring for bigger engines, the transition wasn't smooth and 1966 was a transitional year. The appearance of the standard-produced Cosworth DFV in 1967 made it possible for any small manufacturer to join the series with a home-built tub. Supercharging was allowed for the first time since 1960, but it wasn't until 1977 that it became viable, when Renault debuted their new Gordini V6 Turbo. In 1969, Lotus made a few unsuccessful experiments with a Pratt & Whitney turbine fitted to chassis which had also 4WD. The power range was between 390 to 500 hp, turbos 500 to 900 in race, in qualifiying up to 1500 hp. Cosworth Logo Cosworth is an automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 specialising in engines for automobile racing. ... Renault S.A. is a French vehicle manufacturer producing cars, vans, buses, tractors, and trucks. ... Pratt & Whitney is an American aircraft engine manufacturer whose products are widely used in both civil and military aircraft. ...

• Alfa Romeo V8 1.5 L Turbo, V8 3.0 L, Flat-12 3.0 L and V12 3.0 L
• BMW inline-4 1.5 L Turbo
• BRM H16 3.0 L and V12 3.0 L
• Ferrari V6 1.5 L Turbo, V12 3.0 L and Flat-12 3.0 L
• Ford V6 1.5 L Turbo
• Ford Cosworth DFV V8 3.0 L and DFY V8 3.0 L
• Hart inline-4 1.5 L Turbo
• Honda V6 1.5 L Turbo
• Maserati V12 3.0 L
• Matra V12 3.0 L
• Repco V8 3.0 L
• Renault Gordini V8 (never raced) 3.0 L and Gordini V6 1.5 L Turbo
• TAG-Porsche V6 1.5 L Turbo
• Tecno Flat-12 3.0 L
• Weslake V12 3.0 L
• Zakspeed inline-4 1.5 L Turbo

During its history, Alfa Romeo has competed successfully in many different categories of motorsport, including Formula One, sportscar racing, touring car racing and rallies. ... BMW, abbreviated for Bayerische Motoren Werke or in English Bavarian Motor Works, is an independent German company and manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. ... British Racing Motors (generally known as BRM) was a British Formula 1 motor racing team. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation and the worlds third largest automaker after Toyota and General Motors, based on worldwide vehicle sales. ... A Ford Cosworth DFV on a Ligier JS11 Cosworth is now two companies, Cosworth Racing and Cosworth Technology; they split in 1998. ... The Cosworth DFV V8 engine (DFV standing for double four valve) was the most successful in the history of Formula 1/Grand Prix motor racing. ... Hart was a Formula One engine manufacturer that participated in 157 Grands Prix, entering a total of 368 cars. ... Honda Racing F1 Team is a Formula One team run by Japanese car manufacturer Honda. ... Present Maserati logo A 1957 Maserati 200SI at the Scarsdale Concours Maserati Birdcage 1959 Maserati 5000 GT Coupe Maserati Sebring Maserati is a famous Italian manufacturer of racing cars and sports cars, established in 1914 in Bologna. ... Mécanique Avion TRAction or Matra is a French company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to aeronautics and weaponry which today operates as the Lagardère Group. ... Repco was a Formula One engine manufacturer from 1966 through 1969. ... Renault F1 is the Renault companys Formula One racing team. ... TAG Group (Holdings) SA is a private holding company based in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, and owned by Mansour Ojjeh and Akram Ojjeh, wealthy Saudi entrepreneurs. ... This article is about the auto company. ... Tecno was a Formula One constructor from Italy. ... Gurney-Weslake engine. ... Zakspeed is a racing team from Germany, founded in 1968 by Erich Zakowski. ...

1987-1988

3.5 L formula / 1.5 L turbo, FIA regulations limited boost pressure for two seasons before the eventual ban of forced induction. The power was estimated between 500 and 800bhp.

1989-1994

3.5 L formula, the power range was up to 750 hp.

1995-2004

3.0 L formula, the power range was between 650 and 950 hp.

2005

3.0 L V10, engine may have no more than 5 valves per cylinder. ^[2] A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five. ...

2006

For 2006, the engines must be 90° V8 of 2.4 litres maximum capacity with a 98 mm maximum circular bore, which imply a 39.7 mm minimum stroke. They have two inlet and two exhaust circular valves per cylinder, are normally-aspirated and must have a 95 kg minimum weight. Previous year's engines with a rev-limiter are permitted for 2006 and 2007 for teams who can't obtain a competitive V8. The Liberty V8 aircraft engine clearly shows the configuration A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders. ... A poppet valve is a valve consisting of a hole, usually round or oval, and a tapered plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft also called a valve stem. ... A naturally-aspirated engine (NA - aspiration meaning breathing) refers to an internal combustion engine (normally petrol or diesel powered) that is neither turbocharged nor supercharged. ...

Pre-cooling air before it enters the cylinders, injection of any substance other than air and fuel into the cylinders, variable-geometry intake and exhaust systems, variable valve timing are forbidden. Each cylinder can have only one fuel injector and a single plug spark ignition. Separate starting devices are used to start engines in the pits and on the grid. An intake is an air intake for an engine. ... An exhaust system conveys burnt gases from an internal combustion engine and typically includes a collection of pipes. ... Variable valve timing, or VVT, is a generic term for an automobile piston engine technology. ... Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines to mix the fuel with air prior to combustion. ... The term spark-ignition is normally used to refer to internal combustion engines where the fuel-air mixture is ignited with a spark. ...

The crankcase and cylinder block must be made of cast or wrought aluminium alloys. The crankshaft and camshafts must be made from an iron alloy, pistons from an aluminium alloy and valves from alloys based on iron, nickel, cobalt or titanium. The complete rules are available from the FIA Formula One world championship regulations. ^[3] Template:Infobox aluminum “Aluminum” redirects here. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight 58. ... wikipedia sucks big balls For other uses, see Cobalt (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ...

This is leading to a power reduction of around 20% from the three litre engines. For example, Toyota F1 announces an approximately 740 hp output at 19000 rpm in its new RVX-06 engine ^[4], but real figures are of course difficult to obtain. Toyota F1 is a Formula One team run by Japanese car manufacturer Toyota and based in Cologne, Germany. ...

2007-2008

For 2007 engine freezing has been introduced to keep development costs down. The engines which were used in the 2006 Japanese Grand Prix, will be used for the 2007 and 2008 seasons.

Future engines

While there is currently an engine freeze that effectively bans constructors from developing new engines, there is much speculation on the engine regulations once the freeze is lifted. The FIA and FOM have made statements indicating that both want F1 to be more environmentally friendly and at the same time, be on the front line of future engine development. There is also speculation of a return to turbocharged engines based on comments made by the FIA on finding ways to effectively harness waste heat energy from the cars exhausts.

References

1. ^ F1 Engine Power Secrets, Ian Bamsey, June 2000 RACER magazine
2. ^ FIA 2005 Regulations, 2005 Formula One technical regulations
3. ^ 2006 Formula One technical regulations, chapter five, 15 December 2005
4. ^ TOYOTA F1 technologies, TF106 Specification, 14 January 2006