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Forro is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe. Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ...
A Portuguese Creole is a creole language based on the Portuguese language. ...
ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ...
ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code Twenty-two of the languages have two three-letter codes: a code for bibliographic use (ISO 639-2/B) a code for terminological use (ISO 639-2/T). ...
ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ...
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ...
Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone = sound/voice) is the study of sounds (voice). ...
Unicode is an industry standard whose goal is to provide the means by which text of all forms and languages can be encoded for use by computers. ...
// A Creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ...
The name means "freed slave" in Portuguese. The language is also called crioulo santomense. It sould not be confused with Santomense, the dialect of Portuguese spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe.
History São Tomé is an island of the Gulf of Guinea, discovered by the Portuguese in the 15th century. It was uninhabited at the time, but Portuguese settlers used the island as a center of the slave trade, and there was a need for slaves in the island. Since both parties needed to communicate, a pidgin was formed. The substrate languages were from the Bantu and Kwa groups. This pidgin then became fixed (creolized) as it became the mother language of children born from Portuguese men and African women slaves. (Mixed marriages were then encouraged by the Portuguese Crown, for the sake of settlement.) (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...
The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ...
This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Bantu is a language family that belongs to the Niger-Congo group. ...
The Kwa languages are spoken in the south-eastern part of Côte dIvoire, in Ghana, Togo and Benin, and the south-Western corner of Nigeria. ...
// A Creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ...
Later because of Dutch and French pressure to gain the island, many Portuguese settlers left. It must be remembered that children of Portuguese and black women were, eventually, not considered as African or slaves, some were considered as full right Portuguese citizens. Those mixed-raced that did not had the status of Portuguese, darker skin, often gained a "forro" declaration; because their Portuguese fathers did not want to enslave their children. Thus, this people, gained the name "forro". The São tomean Creole is most known as "Forro"[1], language of the freed slaves or Crioulo Santomense, not to confuse Crioulo Santomense with Santomense (a variety and dialect of Portuguese in São Tomé and Príncipe). Portuguese is the main language for children until their early 20's, when they relearn Forro. The rich São Tomean culture also preserves an unique mixture of Portuguese and African cultures.
Language features Although the São Tomean Creole had (and still has) a restricted contact with Portuguese (seen as a prestigious language), it did preserve a larger number of the substrate languages elements, more than the Creoles of Cape Verde, that preserve fewer traces. Roughly 93% of São Tomean Creole lexicon is from Portuguese and 7% of African origin.
Classification and related languages Creole - Portuguese-based A creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ...
A Portuguese Creole is a creole language based on the Portuguese language. ...
Forro is a creole language based on Portuguese, the superstrate language. The substrate languages were from the Bantu and Kwa groups. It is most similar to Principense, Angolar, and Annobonese. // A Creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ...
Bantu is a language family that belongs to the Niger-Congo group. ...
The Kwa languages are spoken in the south-eastern part of Côte dIvoire, in Ghana, Togo and Benin, and the south-Western corner of Nigeria. ...
Angolar, also Ngola (called lunga ngolá) is minority language of São Tomé and PrÃncipe, spoken in the southernmost towns of Sao Tomé island and sparsely along the coast. ...
Geographic distribution Forro is spoken mainly in São Tomé Island (most of it), there are some speakers in Principe Island. Rainforest trekking is one of the islands attractions São Tomé Island is, at 854 km², the largest island of São Tomé and PrÃncipe and is home to 96% of the nations population. ...
PrÃncipe is the smaller of the two major islands of São Tomé and PrÃncipe. ...
Dialects Due to the great similarity, Annobonese of Annobon, Equatorial Guinea and Principense of Principe Island can be seen has dialects of Forro. Annob n is an island south of S o Tom Island (S o Tom and ncipe), belonging to Equatorial Guinea. ...
Vocabulary Although the São Tomean Creole had (and still has) a restricted contact with Portuguese (seen as a prestigious language), it did preserve a larger number of the substrate languages elements, more than the Creoles of Cape Verde, that preserve fewer traces. Roughly 93% of São Tomean Creole lexicon is from Portuguese and 7% of African origin.
Although 95% of São Tomeans speak Portuguese; the islands' national language is Forro (spoken by 85%). Even though it does not have the prestige of the Portuguese language on the islands, it is evident that continuous contact with the large number Portuguese speakers did not destroy Forro, many relearn Forro when they become adults. The rich São Tomean culture also preserves an unique mixture of Portuguese and African cultures.
Writing system There is no orthography, but the São Tomean government is already studying one, that is now being implemented.
Examples - Hello: Seja lovadu! (proposed: sejalovadu); From Port. seja louvado
- Good Morning: Bom dja ô (proposed: Bondja o); From Port. Bom dia
- Good Afternoon: Bos tadji ô (proposed: Boxtadji o); From Port. Boas tardes or Boa tarde
- Good Evening: Boj notxi ô (proposed: Bojnotxi o); From Port. Boas noites or Boa noite
- What's your name: Que nomi bo e? (proposed: Ke nomi bo e?); From Port. Que nome você tem?
- My name's Pedro: Nomi mu sa Pedro; Possibly from Port. Nome meu é Pedro (somewhat incorrect Portuguese; only used in poetry).
Not everything is from Portuguese, Portuguese ( ▶ (help· info); IPA [] or []) is a Romance language predominantly spoken in Angola, Brazil, Mozambique and Portugal. ...
- I live in Neves (São Tomean City): Nga-ta Tlaxa. (-ta is from "esta" and Tlaxa is from "praça")
Notes - ^ Forro was a declaration of freedom of a specific slave used in Portugal and its colonies. These were the most wished documents for the enslaved population.
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