There is also a later Fort George in Canada. Fort George is a historic military structure at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, that was the scene of several battles during the War of 1812. ...

Fort George, in the north-east of Scotland, is a large 18th century fortress near Inverness with perhaps the mightiest artillery fortifications in Europe. It was built to pacify the Scottish Highlands in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745, replacing an earlier Fort George built with the same aim after the 1715 Jacobite rising. The fortress has never been attacked, and has remained in continuous use as a garrison. It remains virtually unaltered, and nowadays is open to visitors with exhibits and recreations showing use at different periods, while still serving as army barracks. Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the UK Languages with Official Status1 English Scottish Gaelic Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. ... The Scottish Highlands are the mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... // Events September 1 - King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, leaving the throne of his exhausted and indebted country to his great-grandson Louis XV. Regent for the new, five years old monarch is Philippe dOrléans, nephew of Louis XIV. September - First of... Garrison House, built 1675, Dover, NH, USA In the military, garrison is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base. ... Barracks are military housing. ...

The First Fort George

The first Fort George was built in 1727 in Inverness, a large fortress capable of housing 400 troops on a hill beside the River Ness, the site of the medieval castle which had been rebuilt as a citadel by Oliver Cromwell then abandoned. Fort George surrendered to the Jacobites when they attacked Inverness in February 1746 and the Jacobites laid mines under the fortress under the direction of a French officer called L'Epine, who was amongst those killed when the mines exploded prematurely completely destroying Fort George. In 1747 William Skinner, the King's Military Engineer for North Britain, let a contract to rebuild the fortress, but Inverness Council made a claim for compensation for the loss of part of its harbour and an alternative site was found. Events June 11 - George, Prince of Wales becomes King George II of Great Britain. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. ... The River Ness is a river flowing from Loch Ness in Scotland, north to Inverness and the Moray Firth. ... Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ... Events January 8 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling April 16 - Battle of Culloden brings an end to the Jacobite Risings October 22 - The College of New Jersey is founded (it becomes Princeton University in 1896) October 28 - An earthquake demolishes Lima and Callao, in Peru Catharine de Ricci (born 1522... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape...

Siting and construction

The site chosen was a level spit of land at Ardersier, about 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Inverness, which forms a promontory jutting into the Moray Firth and controls the sea approach to Inverness. Work began in 1748, with around 1000 soldiers providing labour and defending the site against attack. By 1757 the main defences were in place, and Fort George was finally completed in 1769. The original budget was £92,673 19s 1d, but the final cost was more than £200,000, a figure larger than the Gross National Product of Scotland in 1750. There would be no more Jacobite rebellions for the fort to control, and it became a base for the Highland regiments recruited from the clans in the same way as the Black Watch. Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex to... Official name The Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) Colonel-in-Chief HRH the Duke of Edinburgh Deputy Colonel-in-Chief HRH the Prince of Wales Nicknames Motto Cuidich n Righ Marches Quick: The West Highland Laddie Description Infantry regiment Creation date 1994 Reason for creation Formed by the amalgamation ot... Official name The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) Colonel-in-Chief HRH The Prince of Wales Nicknames Motto Nemo Me Impune Lacessit Anniversaries Red Hackle Day (5 January) Marches Quick: All the Blue Bonnets are oer the Border Slow: The Garb of Old Gaul Pipes & Drums Quick: Hielan Laddie...

Fortifications

Some of Fort George's defences, showing the "pepperpot" towers

The fortifications form an outstanding example of defence in depth. The main walls are stone faced, in plan faceted and angled with projecting bastions so that every wall face is covered by fire from guns sited on top of other walls. The walls are many yards (metres) wide and grassed over, on top of barrel vaulted casemates which form underground bunkers designed to protect the entire garrison from artillery fire. The approach to the fortress from the landward side is across a wide area of loose shingle, unsuitable for siting heavy guns, so that besieging artillery is kept out of range. Sloping grassy banks designed to absorb artillery shells all but hide the fort from view. The entrance is reached via a ravelin, a free standing defensive structure incorporating a guardhouse and completely exposed to fire from the main fort, then by a raised wooden walkway, complete with drawbridge, bridging across a wide ditch set between heavily defended bastions. The ditch forms a wide killing ground openly exposed to gunfire from these walls. Download high resolution version (2832x2128, 1027 KB)Some of the defences at Fort George, Scotland. ... Download high resolution version (2832x2128, 1027 KB)Some of the defences at Fort George, Scotland. ... The point of a bastion on a reconstructed French fort in Illinois. ... A Casemate is a heavy duty structure originally a vaulted chamber in a fortress. ... A ravelin is a triangular fortification used to split an attacking force. ... The point of a bastion on a reconstructed French fort in Illinois. ...

Accommodation

The entrance leads on to the top of the main walls, then wide ramps lead down to the parade ground in front of the three storied Georgian architecture of the barracks which form streets around a central square, very much like an elegant small town of the period. Facilities include a chapel and the Grand Magazine gunpowder storage building. A Georgian styled house in Salisbury. ...

Visitor access

The barracks are still in use as a military establishment, but the site is very much open to the public. Historic Scotland use part of one of the barracks to display reconstructions of life in the early days of the fort, and the Grand Magazine displays the Seafield Collection of Arms as well as forming a stage for actors recreating the lives and stories of soldiers in the 1700s. The Fort Major's house facing the parade ground houses the Regimental Museum of the Queen's Own Highlanders. Events and trends The Bonneville Slide blocks the Columbia River near the site of present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon with a land bridge 200 feet (60 m) high. ...

External links

• Historic Scotland - sites detail
• Fort George on Undiscovered Scotland
• Inverness on Undiscovered Scotland