Fort Nashborough was the original stockade for the settlement that became Nashville, Tennessee. A stockade is an enclosure of palisades and tall walls made of logs placed side by side vertically with the tops sharpened to provide some security. ... For other cities named Nashville, see Nashville (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 195 km 710 km 2. ...

Preparations

No attempt had been made to permanently settle the area known as French Lick on the banks of the Cumberland River in Middle Tennessee until 1779. In February of that year, Wataugan leader James Robertson set out with a nine-man exploation party to the site. Soon after their arrival, fellow pioneer Casper Mansker joined the group. A 3,000-acre land grant was negotiated with Richard Henderson and arrangements were made for the movement of these families who were prepared to risk all to start a new life in a far-distant rugged wilderness. Robertson charged three of his men with staying behind and planting some corn to prepare for the arrival of a much larger group, whilst he returned to Watauga to prepare them to make the journey westward. Length 1,106 km Elevation of the source 480 m Average discharge 3,217 m³/s Area watershed 46,830 km² Origin Oven Fork, Kentucky Mouth Ohio River Basin countries United States The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the southern United States. ... Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee, delineated according to law as well as custom. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... James Robertson was a North Carolina farmer and explorer of the 1700s. ...

James Robertson did not immdiately return to Watauga, but detoured to Illinois to see General George Rogers Clark, who, as the agent of Virginia was dispensing "cabin rights" on very favorable terms. Robertson, whose Watauga Association was in opposition to the control of the government of North Carolina (which held claim to the land) thought it possible that the yet-to-be established border between the Virginia and North Carolina frontiers would throw the new Cumberland River settlement in Virginia. Thus he wished to get secure titles and eliminate any future complications over ownership. After making provisional arrangements with General Clark, Robertson returned to his family to prepare for the pending relocation to the Cumberland country. Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 25th 149,998 km² 340 km 629 km 4. ... Clark as painted by Matthew Harris Jouett in 1825 George Rogers Clark (November 19, 1752 – February 13, 1818) was the preeminent American military leader on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 35th 110,862 km² 320 km 690 km 7. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 28th 139,509 km² 805 km 240 km 9. ...

Robertson by land

On November 1, 1779, Robertson led some 200 "movers," some on horseback and some on foot, from Fort Patrick Henry at Watauga toward the western frontier to prepare for the later arrival of the party's women and children, to be led over waterways by John Donelson. Robertson's brothers, Mark and John, were in the party, as well as his oldest son, 11-year-old Jonathan, who drove the sheep. The men were joined en route by John Rains and a number of his friends, who then decided to settle at French Lick, rather than in Kentucky. The end of the journey was not reached until Christmas Day, due to delays caused by the winter described as the coldest one any of them had ever known. [1] November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... John Donelson, explorer and adventurer, was co-founder of the city of Nashville, Tennessee and the father of Rachel Jackson, the wife of seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson. ... Official language(s) English Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 37th 104,749 km² 225 km 610 km 1. ... Joseph and Mary with baby Jesus, at the first Christmas Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a holiday in the Christian calendar, usually observed on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ...

The settlement occurred at a time of great unrest on the western frontier of the thirteen colonies. The American Revolution broke out one month after the Henderson's Purchase treaty was signed. Most Cherokee towns tried to stay neutral, but Cherokee chief Dragging Canoe considered the war an opportunity to resist the white encroachment on Cherokee territory. American raids against his towns in East Tennessee forced Dragging Canoe to move them farther to the southwest. In 1779 they settled on Chickamauga Creek near Chattanooga, and became known as the Chickamauga band of Cherokees. Dragging Canoe had promised to make the settlers pay a "heavy price" if they moved there, and he made good his word. [2] On the theory of the meaning of the frontier see Frontier Thesis. ... Betsy Ross purportedly sewed the first American flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes representing each of the 13 colonies. ... The American Revolution is the series of events, ideas, and changes that resulted in the revolution and ensuing political separation of thirteen colonies in North America from the British Empire and the creation of the United States of America with a new political system. ... For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ... Dragging Canoe (1730? – 1792) was an American Indian war leader who led a dissident band of young Cherokees against the United States in the American Revolutionary War. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders William S. Rosecrans George H. Thomas Braxton Bragg James Longstreet Strength Army of the Cumberland (56,965) Army of Tennessee (66,000) Casualties 1,657 killed, 9,756 wounded, 4,757 captured/missing 2,312 killed, 14,674 wounded, 1... Nickname: Scenic City (official), River City, Chatty, Chatt-Town, Chattavegas Motto: Official website: http://www. ... Chickamauga is several things: Chickamauga (people), a Native American nation Chickamauga, Georgia The American Civil War Battle of Chickamauga The Rock of Chickamauga a nickname for Gen. ...

Donelson by river

After only three miles the river voyage was halted; ice and snow and cold had set in and the frozen river made progress impossible. There was no movement until mid-February, and when the boats were eventually cut loose, they were hampered again by the swell of the river due to incessant heavy rain. Donelson's group suffered greatly from Dragging Canoe's promiseof vengeance. On their way to French Lick they had to pass the Chickamauga towns on the Tennessee River. Headed north on the Tennessee river past the "Big Bend" in what is today Hardin County, Tennessee, the natives attacked the Donelson party and managed to capture one boat with 28 people on board. They had come that way because Donelson and Robertson had mistakenly assumed the Cumberland to be a tributary of the Tennessee River. The Cumberland is, in fact, like the Tennessee, a tributary of the Ohio River, and the journey by river was much more difficult -- and took three months longer -- than they had expected. On March 20, they arrived at the mouth of the Tennessee River and went into camp on the lowland which is now the site of Paducah, Kentucky. Wear, hungry and low on provisions, they were confronted by new difficulties. Having been constructed to float downstream, their boats scarcely able to ascend the rapid current of the Ohio, which due to heavy spring rains was particularly high and fast. They were also ignorant of the distance yet to be traveled, and the length of time required to reach their destination. Some of the company here decided to abandon the journey to French Lick; a part of them floating down the Ohio and Mississippi to Natchez, the rest going to points in Illinois. Among the latter were John Caffrey and his wife, who was Donelson's daughter. A riverboat passing under the Gay Street Bridge on the Tennessee River The river viewed from the top of Neyland Stadium. ... Hardin County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. ... Ohio River viewed from Liberty Hill in Ripley, Ohio. ... Paducah is a city located in McCracken County, Kentucky at the confluence of the Tennessee River and the Ohio River. ... This article is about the river in the United States. ... Natchez is a city located in Adams County, Mississippi. ... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 25th 149,998 km² 340 km 629 km 4. ... Photo submitted by Franklyncards John Caffrey Born 23 October 1891, Birr, Kings County (Offaly) he was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Note: Daughters is also a band. ...

This loss of companionship made a continuation of the voyage doubly trying on those who were left behind. However, nothing daunted, they determined to pursue their course up the Ohio from Paducah to the mouth of the Cumberland, a distance of fifteen miles. Upon seeing it, they were unsure it was even the Cumberland, because it was very much smaller in volume than they had expected to find. Probably their three days of incessant toil against the swift current of the Ohio had much to do with the appearance the river whose banks would become their home. However, they had heard of no stream flowing into the Ohio between the Tennessee and Cumberland, and, therefore, decided to make the ascent. They were soon assured by the widening channel that they were correct in their conjectures. In order to make progress up stream Donelson rigged his boat, the Adventure, with a small sail made out of a sheet. To prevent the ill effects of any sudden gusts of wind a man was stationed at each lower corner of this sail with instructions to loosen it when the breeze became too strong.

Construction and fort life

The colonists agreed to pay Henderson 26 pounds of silver per hundred acres, which was an expensive price of approximately $6.20 an acre. The log stockade was square in shape and covered two acres. It contained 20 log cabins and was protection for the settlers against wild animals and Indians. Buffalo, black bear, wild turkeys, white tail deer, beaver, raccoon, fox. elk, wolf, cougar, mink, and otter were abundant in the untamed forests.

A family's most treasured possessions were their guns for hunting, axes for wood-cutting, seeds, and hoes for cultivating. Frontier life was a constant struggle, and without these necessities, survival was at risk. Corn was the most important crop for their daily diet, and corn whiskey was the remedy for all health problems. Henderson, ever the profiteer, arranged to have corn shipped from Kentucky at a cost of $200 a bushel for that first winter in Nashville. Linen made from flax or cotton was used for clothes. Animal skins and hides supplemented their wardrobes. The first white child born in the new settlement was James Robertson's son, Felix, on January 11, 1781. He eventually became one of the most influential physicians of the era. Corn fields in southern Nebraska Corn can mean: In most Commonwealth countries, corn usually refers to any cereal, including, but not limited to maize In the U.S., Canada, and Australia, corn refers only to the cereal known in Commonwealth English as maize Corn can also mean: A type of... Whisky (or whiskey) is an alcoholic beverage distilled from grain, often including malt, which has then been aged in wooden barrels. ... Official language(s) English Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 37th 104,749 km² 225 km 610 km 1. ... Torn linen cloth, recovered from the Dead Sea Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax (and historically, cannabis) plant. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus. ... Cotton From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ...

The Land Grab Act of 1783 offered Tennessee lots in one hundred acre tracts for the price of about five dollars. Much property was awarded for honorable military service. Native American lands reserved by treaties and previous claims were not legally available, but in the haste, confusion and greed, there were many squatters and boundary disputes. The flood of colonists wanting land of their own was unstoppable. 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... An acre is an English unit of area, which is also frequently used in the United States and some Commonwealth countries. ...

Political significance

Upon reaching their destination, Donelson reunited with Robertson. They cleared the land and built a log stockade they called Fort Nashborough in honor of General Francis Nash, who won acclaim in the American Revolution. Together they built other fortified "stations" in the area, named for members of the party: Eaton's Station on the east side of the Cumberland; Clover Bottom, the Donelson plantation on the Stones River; Freeland's Station, Mansker's Station, Thompson's Station and others which are still remembered as neighborhood or town names in the modern Nashville area although the original settlements have long since been destroyed. Francis Nash (1742-1777) was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia. ...

Robertson drew up a constitution, called the Cumberland Compact, and began a new phase of autonomy from the government of North Carolina. Robertson had been a leader of the Watauga Association as well as a member of the Regulator Movement. The Cumberland Compact are articles of agreement created by settlers when they arrived on the Cumberland River. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... The War of the Regulation was a North Carolina uprising, lasting from 1764 to 1771, against British colonial rule. ...

Native American attacks

The largest and most numerous tribes were the Cherokee, who were civilized and originally peaceful to the eastern colonists. But from the beginning, the Cumberland settlement had very little peace, and was continually attacked. The tribes resented past concessions, broken treaties and further encroachment on their hunting grounds.

On April 2, 1781, a force of Chickamaugans led by Dragging Canoe attacked the fort at the bluffs. The Indians succeeded in luring most of the men out of the fort and then cutting them off from the entrance. But the whites managed to escape back to the fort while the Chickamaugans captured their horses. They also had help from the fort's dogs, turned loose by the women. The Chickasaw attacks decreased the following year. Because of their political situation, they decided to make peace with the settlers. Piomingo, an influential Chickasaw leader, considered the Cumberland settlers to be less of a threat than the Spanish government.

The Chickamaugans and their Creek allies continued attacks on the settlements for the next fourteen years. The "settlers" had to be on guard against Indian attacks at all times.