Fort Pulaski National Monument
IUCN Category V (Protected Landscape/Seascape)
Location	Chatham County, Georgia, USA
Nearest city	Savannah, Georgia
Coordinates	32°1′38″N 80°53′25″W / 32.02722, -80.89028
Area	5,623.10 acres (22.76 km²)
Established	October 15, 1924
Total visitation	297,982 (in 2005)
Governing body	National Park Service

Fort Pulaski National Monument is located between Savannah and Tybee Island, Georgia. It preserves Fort Pulaski, notable as the place where, during the American Civil War, in 1862, the Union Army successfully tested a rifled cannon. The success of the test rendered brick fortifications obsolete. The fort was also used as a prisoner-of-war camp. The National Monument includes most of Cockspur Island (containing the fort) and all of adjacent McQueens Island. The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Image File history File links US_Locator_Blank. ... Chatham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. ... This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedias quality standards. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedias quality standards. ... Tybee Island is an island and a present-day city in Chatham County, Georgia near the city of Savannah. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... For other uses, see Cannon (disambiguation). ... A Prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of persons captured by the enemy in time of war. ... Navajo National Monument Devils Tower National Monument Statue of Liberty National Monument Fort Matanzas National Monument A National Monument is a protected area of the United States that is similar to a national park (specifically a U.S. National Park) except that the President of the United States can quickly... The monument erected on the island where John Wesley first landed in America. ...

Construction

Outer Wall of the Fort.

Following the War of 1812, President James Madison ordered a new system of coastal fortifications to protect the United States against foreign invasion. Construction of a fort to protect the port of Savannah began in 1829 under the direction of Major Gen. Babcock, and later Second Lieutenant Robert E. Lee, a recent graduate of West Point. The new fort would be located on Cockspur Island at the mouth of the Savannah River. In 1833, the new fort was named Fort Pulaski in honor of Kazimierz Pulaski, a Polish soldier and military commander who fought in the American Revolution under the command of George Washington. Pulaski was a noted cavalryman and played a large role in training Revolutionary troops. He took part in the sieges of Charleston and of Savannah. Wooden pilings sunk up to 70ft into mud support an estimated 25,000,000 bricks. Fort Pulaski was finally completed in 1847 following 18 years of construction and nearly $1,000,000 in construction costs. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 371 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Exterior of Fort Pulaski: Taken by me August 2007 File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 371 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Exterior of Fort Pulaski: Taken by me August 2007 File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... This article is about the U.S. – U.K. war. ... “Madison” redirects here. ... // This article is about the Confederate general. ... “USMA” redirects here. ... For things named to honor Kazimierz Pułaski, see: Pulaski (disambiguation). ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Not to be confused with Golgotha, which was called Calvary. ... Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ... This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedias quality standards. ...

The monument erected on Cockspur Island, Georgia, where John Wesley first landed in America.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (798 × 1065 pixel, file size: 698 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The monument within the grounds of the Fort Pulaski National Monument built to commemorate the landing in America of John Wesley on Cockspur Island, Georgia... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (798 × 1065 pixel, file size: 698 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The monument within the grounds of the Fort Pulaski National Monument built to commemorate the landing in America of John Wesley on Cockspur Island, Georgia... The monument erected on the island where John Wesley first landed in America. ... For other persons named John Wesley, see John Wesley (disambiguation). ...

Civil War

Though completed in 1847, Fort Pulaski was under the control of only two caretakers until 1860 when South Carolina seceded from the United States and set in motion the Civil War. It was at this time that Georgia governor Joseph E. Brown ordered Fort Pulaski to be taken by the state of Georgia. A steamship carrying 110 men from Savannah traveled downriver and the fort was signed over and now belonged to the state of Georgia. Following the secession of Georgia in February 1861, the state joined the Confederate States of America. Confederate troops then moved into the fort. Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion...

By December 1861 Tybee Island was thought to be too isolated and unprepared for conflict and was abandoned by Confederate forces. This allowed Union troops to gain a foothold across the Savannah River from Fort Pulaski. Union forces under Quincy A. Gillmore began construction of batteries along the beaches of Tybee. Civil War–era portrait of Gillmore. ...

On the morning of April 10, 1862 Union forces asked for the surrender of the Fort to prevent needless loss of life. Colonel Charles H. Olmstead, commander of the Confederate garrison, rejected the offer.

Siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski

Damaged wall of Fort Pulaski (2005)

Fort Pulaski was prepared for a possible infantry attack. However, Fort Pulaski never endured a direct land assault. With 36 guns, including the new James Rifled Cannon, Union troops began a long sustained bombardment of Fort Pulaski. The new rifled cannon fired a rifled projectile that could go farther than the larger and heavier smoothbore cannonball. Within 30 hours, the use of the new rifled cannon had breached one of the fort's corner walls. Shells now passed through the fort dangerously close to the Fort's main powder magazine. Reluctantly, Col. Charles Olmstead surrendered the fort. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2571x4068, 3183 KB) en: Wall of Fort Pulaski National Monument (US-GA) damaged by artillery shelling during the Civil War, scanned from a slide photography taken 2005-04-20 de: Mauer von Fort Pulaski National Monument (US-GA) mit Schäden... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2571x4068, 3183 KB) en: Wall of Fort Pulaski National Monument (US-GA) damaged by artillery shelling during the Civil War, scanned from a slide photography taken 2005-04-20 de: Mauer von Fort Pulaski National Monument (US-GA) mit Schäden...

Within six weeks of the surrender, Union forces repaired the Fort and all shipping in and out of Savannah ceased. The loss of Savannah as a viable Confederate port crippled the Southern war effort. With the Fort securely in Union control, General David Hunter,commander of the Union garrison issued Gen. Order Number Seven, which stated that all slaves in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina were now free. President Abraham Lincoln quickly rescinded the order, but later issued his own Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. At this time, Fort Pulaski was made a final destination on the Underground Railroad as slaves throughout the area were freed upon arrival on Cockspur Island. David Hunter David Hunter (July 21, 1802 – February 2, 1886) was a Union general in the American Civil War. ... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Emancipation Proclamation Reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. ... This article is about a 19th-century slave escape route. ...

The garrison of Union soldiers reached 600 during the initial occupation, but as the War dragged on it became obvious the Southern forces would not be able to retake the Fort. The garrison was later reduced to around 250. Late in the War the Fort would be made into a prison for a group of captured Confederate officers known as "The Immortal Six Hundred." Thirteen of these men would die at the Fort of enforced ill treatment. After the War ended Fort Pulaski continued as a military and political prison for a short while. It would house a Confederate Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Assistant Secretary of War as well as three state governors, a senator and the man who had commanded the Fort after it had been taken by the South.

Post war

Between 1869 and 1872 the demilune to the rear of the Fort was covered with powder magazines and the few gun positions left were enlarged for heavier guns.

By the turn of the 20th century, the fort began to fall into disrepair. In an effort to save the old fort, the War Department finally declared Fort Pulaski a National Monument on October 15, 1924 by presidential proclamation of Calvin Coolidge. The monument was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. At that time repairs were started, when members of the CCC arrived on Cockspur Island and began rehabilitation of the fort. is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Line drawing of the Department of Wars seal. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Fort Pulaski was opened to the public only for a short time before the beginning of World War II. This war would see further use of Cockspur Island as a section base for the U.S. Navy. Following WWII, Fort Pulaski reverted to the Park Service's control, and it was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. Fort Pulaski remains open to the public. A typical plaque showing entry on the National Register of Historic Places. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Cockspur Island Lighthouse, a lighthouse that is also housed in this National Monument.
• A marker commemorating a thanksgiving service which John Wesley gave after his first arrival in Georgia is also on the grounds.

// Description The Cockspur Island Lighthouse is a small lighthouse located in Chatham County, Georgia that has been out of service since 1909. ... Eddystone Lighthouse, one of the first wavewashed lighthouses For other uses, see Lighthouse (disambiguation). ... For other persons named John Wesley, see John Wesley (disambiguation). ...

References

• The National Parks: Index 2001–2003. Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior.

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally owned land. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Fort Pulaski National Monument

• Official NPS website: Fort Pulaski National Monument
• Bombardment of Fort Pulaski
• Fort Pulaski Press Newsletter of Fort Pulaski