The Forts of Texas include a number of historical and operational military installations. For over two hundred years, various groups fought over access to or control over the region that is now Texas. Possession of the region was claimed and disputed by the European powers of Spain and France, and the continental countries of Mexico, the United States, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederate States of America. Ownership of specific lands were claimed and disputed by different ethnic groups, including numerous Native American tribes, Mexican residents, Anglo and African American settlers, and European immigrants. Access to and control of resources were claimed and disputed by various economic groups, including indiginous hunter/gatherers, farmers, herders, ranchers, colonists, settlers, buffalo hunters, traders, bandits, smugglers, pirates, and revolutionaries. Over the centuries, claims and disputes were enforced by Native American warriors, Spanish conquistadors, French cavaliers, Texas Rangers, local militias, and uniformed regular army regiments of Spain, Mexico, Texas, the United States, and the Confederacy. Official language(s) None See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Capital Washington-on-the-Brazos, Harrisburg, Galveston, Velasco, Columbia (1836) Houston (1837–1839) Austin (1839–1845) Language(s) English (de facto) Spanish, French, German and Native American languages regionally Government Republic President1  - 1836-1838 Sam Houston  - 1838-1841 Mirabeau B. Lamar  - 1841-1844 Sam Houston  - 1844-1845 Anson Jones Vice... Motto: Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem: God Save the South (unofficial) Dixie (traditional) The Bonnie Blue Flag (popular) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Government Republic President... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska down to their descendants in modern times. ... Conquistador (Spanish: kōn-kÄ“-stŏ-dōr) (meaning Conqueror in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas and Asia Pacific under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement... Texas Rangers American League AAA Oklahoma RedHawks AA Frisco RoughRiders A Bakersfield Blaze Clinton LumberKings Spokane Indians R Arizona Rangers The Texas Rangers are a Major League Baseball team based in Arlington, Texas, a suburb in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. ... A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ... A regiment is a military unit, larger than a company and smaller than a division. ...

Many military camps, barracks, fortified trading posts, palisades, stockades, blockhouses, strongholds, and fortifications were built to establish, defend, or dispute claims to the area. A barracks housing conscripts of Norrbottens regemente in Boden, Sweden. ... A trading post is a place where trading of goods takes place. ... Palisades is also a general term for steep cliffs next to a river. ... A stockade is an enclosure of palisades and tall walls made of logs placed side by side vertically with the tops sharpened to provide some security. ... A 19th-century-era block house in Fort York, Toronto In military science, a blockhouse is a small, isolated fort in the form of a single building. ... A stronghold is a strongly fortified defensive structure. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ...

Early History and Pre-History

The southwestern region of North America has been inhabited for many centuries. A major spring in Central Texas is believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas of North America. There is evidence of migrations and displacements of peoples in the pre-historical era. However, no evidence has been found of fortifications built by early Native Americans. Texas derives its name from the name of a Native American tribe noted for its friendliness. The Texas state motto is "Friendship." World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Central Texas (a part of which is Texas Hill Country), is a region in the U.S. state of Texas. ...

Exploration

The region of Texas was claimed by both royal France and imperial Spain. Both European powers mounted military expeditions to explore the region of Texas. A small number of simple fortifications were established in this era to protect both French and Spanish claims from each other, and to protect expeditionary operations from unwelcoming local inhabitants. Forts of this era include: Map of the first (light blue) and second (dark blue — plain and hachured) French colonial empires France had colonial possessions, in various forms, from the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s. ... Military flag of the Spanish Empire from the 16th century up to 1843. ...

• Fort Saint Louis (near Inez, TX)
• Fort St. Louis de Carlorette - A fort originally built by the French, but later rebuilt, garrisoned, and defended by Native Americans. (Near Spanish Fort, TX)

Fort Saint Louis was a frontier fort built in 1685 by French exporer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle near what is now Inez, Texas. ...

Colonization

In the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries, the primary mechanism for colonization was the Spanish missions in Texas. Many Spanish missions included defensive structures to protect the missions' operations and communities. Key missions were supported by nearby Spanish army forts, called presidios. The Spanish Missions in Texas comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. ...

Missions of this period with historical connections to fortifications or military operations include:

• Mission de Nuestra Señora de la Luz del Orcoquisac (near Eminence, TX)
• Mission de Nuestra Señora de la Purisima Concepcion (in San Antonio, TX)
• Mission de San Antonio de Valero (in San Antonio, TX)
• Mission de San Francisco de la Espada (in San Antonio, TX)
• Mission de San Francisco de los Tejas (near Weches, TX)
• Mission de San José y San Miguel de Aguayo (in San Antonio, TX)
• Mission de San Juan Capistrano (in San Antonio, TX)
• Mission de San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz (near Camp Wood, TX)
• Mission de Señora de los Dolores de los Ais (near San Augstine, TX)

Presidios and forts of this period include: San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ... The Alamo is a popular destination for tourists in San Antonio. ... Founded in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near present-day Weches, Texas, this was the first mission in Texas. ... San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ... San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ... Presidio is a place in the State of Texas in the United States of America: see Presidio, Texas. ...

• Presidio de la Bahía del Espíritu Santo (near Goliad, TX)
• Fort Bend (near Richmond, TX)
• Presidio de la Virgen de los Dolores de los Tejas (near Nacogdoches, TX)
• Presidio de San Agustín de Ahumada (near Eminence, TX)
• Presidio de San Antonio de Béjar (in San Antonio, TX)
• Presidion de San Elizario (near San Elizario, TX)
• Presidio de San Sabá (near Menard, TX)
• Presidio de San Xavier de Gigedo (near Rockdale, TX)
• Fort Maison Rouge - Jean Lafitte's pirate fort in Galveston

Fort Bend was a blockhouse built in a large bend of the Brazos River in what is now Fort Bend County, Texas to provide protection against Indian raids. ...

Texas Revolution

In the period leading up to the Texas Revolution, Mexico established some new forts in Texas to control or limit Anglo American immigration into the region. During and shortly following the Revolution, the Texians established a number of forts to defend Texas towns and cities. The Texas Revolution or Texas War of Independence was fought from October 2, 1835 to April 21, 1836 between Mexico and the Tejas portion of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. ... The term Anglo can be used as a prefix to indicate a relation to England, as in the phrases Anglo-American or Anglo-America. It is also used, somewhat loosely, to refer to a person or people of English ethnicity in North America. ... The Texians were Anglo-American citizens of Texas when Texas was part of Mexico, and subsequently when it was a sovereign nation. ...

Forts of this period include:

• The Alamo - Previously Mission de San Antonio de Valero (in San Antonio, TX)
• Fort Anáhuac (near Anahuac, TX)
• Fort Houston (near Houston, TX)
• Fort Defiance - Later known as Fort Goliad - Previously Presidio la Bahía (near Goliad, TX)
• Fort Lipantitlan (near Mathis, TX)
• Presidio de San Antonio de Béjar (in San Antonio, TX)
• Fort Tenoxtitlan (near Cooks Point, TX)
• Fort Terán (near Rockland, TX)
• Fort Travis (near Galveston, TX)

The Alamo is a popular destination for tourists in San Antonio. ...

Mexican-American War

Following US annexation of the Republic of Texas, the US and Mexico did not have a mutual agreement as to the border between Mexico and the new State of Texas. The US Army established a number of new forts along the border, and military disputes in this area eventually led to the Mexican-American War. Capital Washington-on-the-Brazos, Harrisburg, Galveston, Velasco, Columbia (1836) Houston (1837–1839) Austin (1839–1845) Language(s) English (de facto) Spanish, French, German and Native American languages regionally Government Republic President1  - 1836-1838 Sam Houston  - 1838-1841 Mirabeau B. Lamar  - 1841-1844 Sam Houston  - 1844-1845 Anson Jones Vice... Official language(s) None See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia Strength 7,000 - 43,000 18,000 - 40,000 Casualties KIA: 1,733 Total dead: 13,283 Wounded: 4,152 25,000 killed or wounded (Mexican government...

Forts of this period include:

• Fort Brown (in Brownsville, TX)
• Fort Polk (near Port Isabel, TX)
• Fort Sabine (near Sabine, TX)

Fort Brown from across the Resaca Fort Brown was a military post of the United States Army in Texas during the latter half of 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. ...

Civil War

Texas forts garrisoned by the US Army were abandoned or surrendered at the start of the American Civil War. Some were re-garrisoned by local Texas forces in order to maintain defenses against Indian incursions. Several camps were opened by the Confederate States Army for recruiting or training. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was formed in February 1861 to defend the Confederate States of America, which had itself been formed that same year when seven Southern states seceded from the United States (four more states soon followed). ...

Only a few forts were specifically garrisoned to be prepared for conflicts between the Confederates and the Union army and navy. These included:

• Fort Caney (near Sargent, TX)
• Fort Esperanza (on Matagorda Island, TX)
• Fort Griffin (near Sabine Pass, TX)
• Fort Grigsby (near Port Neches, TX)

Additionally, there were extensive earthwork fortications and batteries defending Galveston, which changed hands several times during the war. Galveston redirects here. ...

Defense from Indians

Interference or resistance from local inhabitants was a concern going back to the first explorations by France and Spain. This was especially of concern to Anglo American settlers in the Nineteenth Century as they pushed the frontier ever westward. While Native Americans of coastal regions and East Texas were relatively easily assimilated, displaced, or eliminated, some Native American tribes were more actively resistant. This was most famously true for the Comanche and Apache tribes. In the Nineteenth Century, one of the key organizations for protecting Anglo American settlements was the Texas Rangers. The Rangers operated a number of posts in Texas that were traditionally referred to as forts, though they lacked the kinds of heavy defenses associated with traditional military fortifications. The term Anglo can be used as a prefix to indicate a relation to England, as in the phrases Anglo-American or Anglo-America. It is also used, somewhat loosely, to refer to a person or people of English ethnicity in North America. ... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska down to their descendants in modern times. ... Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ... For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Traditional Apache scout be merged into this article or section. ... The term Anglo can be used as a prefix to indicate a relation to England, as in the phrases Anglo-American or Anglo-America. It is also used, somewhat loosely, to refer to a person or people of English ethnicity in North America. ... Texas Rangers American League AAA Oklahoma RedHawks AA Frisco RoughRiders A Bakersfield Blaze Clinton LumberKings Spokane Indians R Arizona Rangers The Texas Rangers are a Major League Baseball team based in Arlington, Texas, a suburb in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ...

There were essentially three periods of concern. In the mid Eighteenth Century, the US Army was concerned with protecting settlements and towns in eastern, central, and south Texas from Indian interference. During the Civil War, local Texas militias, law enforcement, and civilians were concerned with protecting the entire settled portion of the state from intereference from both Indians and Mexican bandits. In the late Eighteenth Century, the US Army was concerned with protecting settlements and towns in west Texas from Indians. In the latter period, several Texas forts were garrisoned with units of the US Army's famed Buffalo Soldiers. The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Buffalo Soldiers was the name given by the Plains Indians to the United States Army regiments composed of African-American soldiers that served on the American frontier after the Civil War. ...

Several of the most famous generals from both sides of the American Civil War were stationed at Texas forts while serving in the US Army during the first period. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

Forts of these periods include:

• Bent's Fort, also known as Adobe Walls (near Stinnett, TX)
• Fort Belknap (Near Newcastle, TX)
• Fort Bliss (near El Paso, TX)
• Fort Chadbourne (near Fort Chadbourne, TX)
• Fort Cibolo (near Shafter, TX)
• Fort Clark (near Brackettville, TX)
• Fort Colorado (in Austin, TX)
• Fort Concho (in San Angelo, TX)
• Fort Croghan (in Burnet, TX)
• Fort Davis (near Fort Davis, TX)
• Fort Duncan (near Eagle Pass, TX)
• Fort Elliott (near Mobeetie, TX)
• Fort Ewell (near Artesia Wells, TX)
• Fort Gates (near Gatesville, TX)
• Fort Graham (Under Lake Whitney. Partial historical reconstruction near Whitney, TX)
• Fort Griffin (Near Albany, TX)
• Fort Hancock (near Fort Hancock, TX)
• Fort Holland (near Valentine, TX)
• Fort Inge (near Uvalde, TX)
• Fort Lancaster (near Sheffield, TX)
• Fort Leaton (near Presidio, TX)
• Fort Lincoln (near D'Harris, TX)
• Fort Martin Scott (near Fredericksburg, TX)
• Fort Mason (near Mason, TX)
• Fort McKavett (near Fort McKavett, TX)
• Fort McIntosh (near Laredo, TX)
• Fort Merrill (near Dinero, TX)
• Fort Parker (near Groesbeck, TX)
• Fort Phantom Hill (Near Abilene, TX)
• Fort Quitman (near McNary, TX)
• Fort Richardson (Near Jacksboro, TX)
• Fort Ringgold (near Rio Grande City, TX)
• Fort D. A. Russell (near Marfa, TX)
• Sophienburg or Princess Sophia's Fort (in New Braunfels, TX)
• Fort Stockton (in Fort Stockton, TX)
• Fort Terrett (near Roosevelt, TX)
• Fort Worth

Fort Bliss is a census-designated place and US Army post located in El Paso County, Texas. ... Fort Chadbourne was established October 28, 1852, to protect the western frontier. ... Fort Concho is a National Historic Landmark in San Angelo, Texas, and is owned and operated by that city. ... Set in the rugged beauty of the Davis Mountains of west Texas, Fort Davis is one of Americas best surviving examples of an Indian Wars frontier military post in the Southwest. ... Fort Duncan was a U.S. Army post, set up to protect the first U.S. settlement on the Rio Grande near the current town of Eagle Pass, Texas. ... Fort Griffin was a Cavalry fort established in the late 1860s in northwest Texas, specifically northwestern Shackelford County, to give settlers protection from early Comanche and Kiowa raids. ... Fort Inge was a frontier fort in Uvalde County, Texas, garrisoned by the U.S. Army from 1849 to 1869. ... Fort Mckavett was named in honor of Capt. ... Fort McIntosh is the name of several former military installations in the United States of America: Fort McIntosh (Pennsylvania) Fort McIntosh (Texas) Fort McIntosh (Georgia) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Fort Parker massacre was an event in 1836 in which members of the pioneer Parker family were killed in a raid by Native Americans. ... Fort D. A. Russell was the name of two United States Military posts in the western United States. ... Paisano Pete, the worlds largest roadrunner, welcomes visitors to Fort Stockton. ... This article is about the history of Fort Worth, Texas. ...

First World War

Prior to the First World War, revolutions in Mexico led to unrest along the US border, including Mexican raids on towns in the Southwest United States. This led to garrisoning by the US Army of camps and forts all along the Rio Grande river, Texas' border with Mexico. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The Southwest region of the United States is drier than the adjoining Midwest in weather; the population is less dense and, with strong Spanish-American and Native American components, more ethnically varied than neighboring areas. ... Río Bravo redirects here. ...

Forts of this period include:

• Fort Bliss (near El Paso, TX)
• Fort Brown (in Brownsville, TX)
• Fort Clark (near Brackettville, TX)
• Fort Crockett (in Galveston, TX)
• Fort Duncan (near Eagle Pass, TX)
• Fort Holland (near Valentine, TX)
• Fort McIntosh (near Laredo, TX)
• Fort Ringgold (near Rio Grande City, TX)
• Fort D. A. Russell (near Marfa, TX)
• Fort Sam Houston (in San Antonio, TX)
• Fort San Jacinto (in Galveston, TX)
• Fort Travis (on Point Bolivar, TX)

Additionally, unfortified coastal artillery stations were established at key points on the Texas coast to prevent U-boats or commerce raiders from approaching Texas ports. This included Freeport, Sabine Pass and San Luis Pass. Fort Bliss is a census-designated place and US Army post located in El Paso County, Texas. ... Fort Brown from across the Resaca Fort Brown was a military post of the United States Army in Texas during the latter half of 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. ... Fort Crockett is a government reservation originally built as a defense installation on Galveston Island overlooking the Gulf of Mexico. ... Fort Duncan was a U.S. Army post, set up to protect the first U.S. settlement on the Rio Grande near the current town of Eagle Pass, Texas. ... Fort D. A. Russell was the name of two United States Military posts in the western United States. ... Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. ... 19th century coastal artillery guns preserved in Suomenlinna fortress in Helsinki Coastal artillery is the branch of armed forces concerned with operating mobile anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... Commerce raiding or guerre de course is a naval strategy of attacking an opponents commercial shipping rather than contending for control of the seas with its naval forces. ...

Second World War

During the Second World War, the US Army opened or expanded a number of bases and airfields for training. Extensive U-Boat activity in the Gulf of Mexico led to concern about naval raids on Texas ports and coastal cities by ships and submarines of the Axis powers. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ... USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Forts of this period include:

• Fort Bliss (near El Paso, TX)
• Fort Brown (in Brownsville, TX)
• Fort Clark (near Brackettville, TX)
• Fort Crockett (in Galveston, TX)
• Fort McIntosh (near Laredo, TX)
• Fort Sam Houston (in San Antonio, TX)
• Fort D. A. Russell (near Marfa, TX)
• Fort San Jacinto (in Galveston, TX)
• Fort Travis (on Point Bolivar, TX)

Additionally, unfortified coastal artillery stations were established at key points on the Texas coast to prevent U-boats or aircraft from approaching Texas ports. This included Sabine Pass, Port Arthur, Baytown, Freeport, Port Aransas, Port Isabel, and San Luis Pass. Also, a number of camps for prisoners of war were established. Fort Bliss is a census-designated place and US Army post located in El Paso County, Texas. ... Fort Brown from across the Resaca Fort Brown was a military post of the United States Army in Texas during the latter half of 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. ... Fort Crockett is a government reservation originally built as a defense installation on Galveston Island overlooking the Gulf of Mexico. ... Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. ... Fort D. A. Russell was the name of two United States Military posts in the western United States. ... 19th century coastal artillery guns preserved in Suomenlinna fortress in Helsinki Coastal artillery is the branch of armed forces concerned with operating mobile anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ...

Cold War

The emergence of nuclear weapons and a period of comparative tranquility amongst Texas' inhabitants and neighbors saw the end of conventional fortifications in Texas. However, forts in Texas served a home bases for major US Army units, and also served as important training areas for the US military and her various allies during the Cold War. The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... The Cold War was the period of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies from the mid 1940s until the early 1990s. ...

Forts of this period include:

• Fort Bliss (near El Paso, TX)
• Fort Hood (near Killeen, TX)
• Fort Sam Houston (in San Antonio, TX)

Fort Bliss is a census-designated place and US Army post located in El Paso County, Texas. ... Fort Hood is a census-designated place and US Army post located outside of Killeen Texas. ... Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. ...

Twenty-first Century

Fort Bliss and Fort Hood remain the headquarters for major American army units, and both reservations remain important training areas for US and allied forces. Fort Sam Houston remains the home for the Army Medical Department. The US Navy retains a major training center at Corpus Christi, and the US Air Force has retained a small number of bases. Defense cutbacks have closed a large number of smaller bases and camps. Fort Bliss is a census-designated place and US Army post located in El Paso County, Texas. ... Fort Hood is a census-designated place and US Army post located outside of Killeen Texas. ... Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. ... The United States Army Medical Department (AMEDD) comprises the six medical Special Branches of the Army. ...

Due to continuing interest in the colorful history of Texas and her people, archaelogical exploration of known and recently discovered historical forts continues.

External links

• Texas Beyond History - Texas Frontier Forts. Retrieved on December 1, 2006.
• Texas Forts Trail. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• Texas Historical Commission - Texas Military Sites. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• Forts of Northeast Texas. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• Forts of Southeast Texas. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• Forts of Central Texas. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• Forts of South Texas. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• Forts of West Texas. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.
• List of Camps, Forts, and Posts in Texas - 1861 to 1865. Retrieved on November 30, 2006.

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Topics	History | Republic of Texas | Geography | Government | Politics | Economy | Texans | Metros | Counties December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Texas. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      A state of the United States is any one of the fifty subnational entities referred to... Official language(s) None See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Nickname: Live Music Capital of the World Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas County Travis County  - Mayor Will Wynn Area    - City 669. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... The history of Texas (as part of the unitited states) began in 1845, but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period, around 10,000 BCE. Its history has been shaped by being part of six independent countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of... Capital Washington-on-the-Brazos, Harrisburg, Galveston, Velasco, Columbia (1836) Houston (1837–1839) Austin (1839–1845) Language(s) English (de facto) Spanish, French, German and Native American languages regionally Government Republic President1  - 1836-1838 Sam Houston  - 1838-1841 Mirabeau B. Lamar  - 1841-1844 Sam Houston  - 1844-1845 Anson Jones Vice... For approximately 100 years, from the end of Reconstruction until the 1970s, the Democratic Party was dominant in Texas Politics. ... The following are people who were either born/raised or have lived for a significant period of time in Texas. ... Texas has 25 metropolitan areas (MSAs) defined by the United States Census Bureau. ... Index: Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Anderson County formed in 1846 from part of Houston County. ...
Regions	Ark-La-Tex | Big Bend | Brazos Valley | Central Texas | Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex | Deep East Texas | East Texas | Edwards Plateau | Galveston Bay | Golden Triangle | Greater Houston | Llano Estacado | North Texas | Northeast Texas | Permian Basin | Piney Woods | Rio Grande Valley | South Texas | South Plains | Southeast Texas | Texas Hill Country | Texas Panhandle | West Texas
Largest Cities	Abilene | Allen | Amarillo | Arlington | Austin | Baytown | Beaumont | Brownsville | Bryan | Carrollton | College Station | Corpus Christi | Dallas | Denton | Edinburg | El Paso | Euless | Flower Mound | Fort Worth | Frisco | Galveston | Garland | Grand Prairie | Harlingen | Houston | Irving | Killeen | Laredo | League City | Lewisville | Longview | Lubbock | McAllen | McKinney | Mesquite | Midland | Mission | Missouri City | North Richland Hills | Odessa | Pasadena | Pearland | Pharr | Plano | Port Arthur | Richardson | Round Rock | Rowlett | San Angelo | San Antonio | Sugar Land | Temple | The Woodlands | Tyler | Victoria | Waco | Wichita Falls This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... The general area of the Ark-La-Tex highlighted within the United States. ... Casa Grande is a prominent peak in the Chisos Mountains of the Big Bend area of west Texas. ... The Brazos Valley is a region in Texas consisting of Brazos County, Robertson County, Grimes County, Washington County, Madison County, and Leon County, with Brazos County and the cities of College Station and Bryan at its center. ... Central Texas (a part of which is Texas Hill Country), is a region in the U.S. state of Texas. ... The Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex encompasses the metropolitan divisions of Dallas–Plano–Irving and Fort Worth–Arlington, within the U.S. state of Texas. ... Deep East Texas is a subregion of East Texas in the US state of Texas. ... Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ... The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the plains region to the north, and the Pecos River to the west. ... Galveston Bay is a large estuary located along Texass coastline. ... The Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area is defined by the United States Census Bureau as a three-county region in Southeast Texas, east of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. ... The Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, a title designated by the U.S. Census as of 2003, is the seventh-largest metropolitan area and one of the most diverse[2] in the United States consisting of 10 counties within the state of Texas. ... Shaded Relief Image of the Llano Estacado Llano Estacado (or Staked Plains) is a region in the southwestern United States that encompasses parts of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas. ... North Texas is a distinct cultural and geographic area forming the central-northeastern section of the US state of Texas. ... Northeast Texas is a region in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Texas. ... The Permian Basin is a basin in the western part of the U.S. state of Texas, from just south of Lubbock to just south of Midland & Odessa, and it extends Westward into the Southeastern part of New Mexico. ... The Piney Woods viewed from Loop 390 outside of Marshall, Texas The Piney Woods is a terrestrial ecoregion in the Southern United States covering 54,400 mi² (140,900 km²) of East Texas, Southern Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Southeastern Oklahoma. ... The Rio Grande Valley is an area located in the southernmost tip of Texas. ... South Texas is a region of the U.S. state of Texas which lies roughly south of, or beginning at, San Antonio. ... Region in West Texas comprising the area north of the Caprock Escarpment on the Llano Estacado, and extending north into the Texas Panhandle. ... Southeast Texas is a region in the southeast corner of the U.S. state of Texas. ... The Texas Hill Country, as seen from near Interstate 10. ... The Texas Panhandle is a region of the state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. ... The dry plains of West Texas, have often been divided up into tracks of land divided by barbed wire fences. ... Nickname: The Friendly Frontier Location within the state of Texas County Taylor County Mayor Norm Archibald Area    - City 286. ... Nickname: none Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: http://www. ... Nickname: The Yellow Rose of Texas, Helium Capital of the World, Rotor City USA Location within the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas County Potter (and Randall) Mayor Debra McCartt Area    - City 233. ... Official website: http://www. ... Nickname: Live Music Capital of the World Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas County Travis County  - Mayor Will Wynn Area    - City 669. ... Baytown is a city located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. ... Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Counties Jefferson County Mayor Guy Goodson Area    - City 222. ... Brownsville is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. ... Bryan is a city in Brazos County, Texas, United States. ... City nickname: none Location in the state of Texas Counties Collin County Dallas County Denton County Mayor Becky Miller Area   â€“Land   â€“Water 36. ... City nicknames: Aggieland, heart of the Research Valley Location in the State of Texas County Brazos County Mayor Ron Silvia Area  - Land  - Water 104. ... Nickname: Sparkling City by the Sea Location in the state of Texas Counties Nueces County Mayor Henry Garrett Area    - City 1,192. ...      Nickname: Big D Location in the state of Texas Country United States State Texas Counties Dallas, Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall Mayor Laura Miller Area    - City 997. ... Nickname: The Lone Star of Texas Location within the state of Texas County Denton County  - Mayor Perry McNeill Area    - City 161. ... Edinburg is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. ... A panoramic view of El Paso, Texas from the north. ... Euless is a city located in Tarrant County, Texas. ... Flower Mound is a town located in Denton County, Texas (USA). ... Nickname: Cowtown Motto: Where the West Begins Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas Counties Tarrant and Denton Mayor Michael J. Moncrief Area    - City 774. ... Location within the state of Texas County Collin County  - Mayor Mike Simpson Area    - City 181. ... Nickname: The Oleander City Location in the state of Texas County Galveston Mayor Lyda Ann Thomas Area    - City 539. ... Garland is a suburb of Dallas, Texas, in Dallas County, Texas, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 215,768. ... Grand Prairie is a city in Dallas County (USA), with a significant overlap into Tarrant County, and a minor overlap into Ellis County. ... Harlingen is a city in Cameron County in the heart of the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, United States. ... Nickname: Space City Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Counties Harris County Fort Bend County Montgomery County Mayor Bill White Area    - City 1,558 km²  (601. ... Irving is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within Dallas County. ... Killeen is a city located in Bell County, Texas. ... Nickname: The Gateway City & The City Under Seven Flags Coordinates: Settled 1755 Government type Mayor / City Manager Mayor Raul Salinas Interim City Manager Cynthia Collazo Area    - City 218. ... League City is a city located in Galveston County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. ... Location Location in the state of Texas Government Counties Denton County Dallas County Mayor Gene Carey Geographical characteristics Area     City 42. ... Flag of Longview Longview is a city in Texas, United States, located between Dallas, TX and Shreveport, LA. The population was 73,345 at the 2000 census. ... Nickname: Hub City Location within the state of Texas Coordinates: County Lubbock County Mayor David Miller Area    - City 297. ... Location of McAllen, Texas McAllen is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas. ... McKinney is a city in Collin County, Texas (USA). ... Mesquite is a suburb of Dallas, Texas, located in Dallas County and Kaufman County, Texas. ... Nickname: The Tall City Location within the state of Texas County Midland County Mayor Mike Canon Area    - City 173. ... Mission is a city located in Hidalgo County, Texas. ... Flag of Missouri City Missouri City is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. ... North Richland Hills is a city in Tarrant County, Texas, United States. ... Nickname: City of Contrasts Location Location within the state of Texas Government County Ector County Mayor leader_name = Larry Melton {{{leader_name}}} Geographical characteristics Area     City 95. ... Nickname: Strawberry Capitol Location in the state of Texas. ... Pearland is a city located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area and is partially in Brazoria County, partially in Fort Bend County, and partially in Harris County. ... Pharr is a city located in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. ... Nickname: An All-American City Location within the state of Texas Coordinates: County Collin County & Denton County Mayor Pat Evans Area    - City 185. ... Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont-Port Arthur metropolitan area and is situated in southeast Texas. ... Richardson Interurban Depot, 1908 Nickname none Location Location within the state of Texas Government County Dallas County Collin County City Manager Bill Keffler Geographical characteristics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 74. ... The Round Rock, from which the city takes its name, marked a low water wagon crossing in Brushy Creek. ... Rowlett is a city located in Dallas County and Rockwall County, Texas, United States. ... Nickname: The Shining Star of Texas Location within the state of Texas County Tom Green County Mayor J.W. Lown Area    - City {{{area_total}}} km²  - Land 144. ... Nickname: Alamo City; River City Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Counties Bexar County Mayor Phil Hardberger Area    - City 1067. ... City nickname: The Land of Sugar City slogan: Sugar Land. ... Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. ... The Woodlands is a census-designated place (CDP) and master-planned community located in the the counties of Montgomery and Harris in the state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. ... Tyler is the county seat of Smith County in East Texas, United States. ... Victoria is a city in Victoria County, Texas, United States. ... Waco is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas. ... Nickname: The City that Faith Built Location within the state of Texas County Wichita County Mayor Lanham Lyne Area    - City 70. ...