Roman Forum with Palatine Hill in the background.

From a different view

Map of central Rome during the Roman Empire, with Forum Holitorium and Forum Boarium shown at bottom middle

The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum, although the Romans referred to it more often as the Forum Magnum or just the Forum) was the central area around which ancient Rome developed, in which commerce, business, trading and the administration of justice took place. Here the communal hearth was located. Sequences of remains of paving show that sediment eroded from the surrounding hills was already raising the level of the forum in early Republican times. Originally it had been marshy ground, which was drained by the Tarquins with the Cloaca Maxima. Its final travertine paving, still to be seen, dates from the reign of Augustus. Download high resolution version (1311x548, 188 KB)The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. ... Download high resolution version (1311x548, 188 KB)The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. ... The Palatine Hill (Latin Palatium) is the centermost of the seven hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome in Italy. ... Download high resolution version (1311x500, 176 KB)The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. ... Download high resolution version (1311x500, 176 KB)The Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. ... Download high resolution version (1099x777, 204 KB) From Nordisk familjebok This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1099x777, 204 KB) From Nordisk familjebok This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (also called Tarquin I) was the legendary fifth King of Rome, said to have reigned from 616 BC to 579 BC. Tarquinius Priscus came from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii and was actually named Lucumo. ... The Cloaca Maxima was one of the worlds earliest sewage systems. ... Travertine A carving in travertine Travertine, a natural stone, is a white concretionary form of calcium carbonate that is usually hard and semicrystalline. ... Bust of Augustus Caesar Imperator Caesar Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius. ...

It is now famous for the remains, which eloquently show the use of urban spaces during the Roman Age. The Roman Forum includes the following major monuments, buildings and other ancient ruins: Rocky landscape with ruins, by Nicolaes Berchem, ca. ...

• Temple of Castor and Pollux
• Temple of Jupiter
• Temple of Saturn
• Temple of Vesta
• Basilica Aemilia
• Basilica Julia
• Arch of Septimius Severus
• Arch of Titus
• Rostra

The last monument built inside the Forum is the Column of Phocas.
During the Middle Ages, though the memory of the Forum Romanum persisted, its monuments were for the most part buried under debris, and its location was designated the Campo Vaccinio or "cattle field," located between the Capitoline Hill and the Colosseum. The return of Pope Urban V from Avignon (1367) led to an increased interest in ancient monuments, partly for their moral lesson and partly as a quarry for new buildings being undertaken in Rome after a long lapse. Artist from the late 15th century drew the ruins in the Forum, antiquaries copied inscriptions from the 16th century, and a tentative excavation was begun in the late 18th century. But the excavation by Carlo Fea, who began clearing the debris from the Arch of Septimius Severus in 1803, and archaeologists under the Napoleonic regime marked the beginning of clearing the Forum, which was only fully excavated in the early 20th century. This article needs to be wikified. ... Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on Capitoline Hill, 6th thru 1st century B.C. The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Jupiter, greatest and best. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The Basilica Aemilia was erected in 179 BC by the censors Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (after whom the basilica is named) and Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, completely rebuilt over two decades and dedicated in 34 BC, restored after a fire by Augustus in 14 BC, and then again in AD 22 on... The Basilica Julia, named after Julius Caesar, who dedicated it in 46 BC from the spoils of the Gallic War, the Basilica Julia was completed by Augustus, but burned shortly afterward and was not rededicated for another twenty years, in 12 AD. It again was rebuilt by Diocletian after the... The Arch of Septimius Severus in 2005 The Arch of Septimius Severus before the excavation of the Roman Forum, painted by Canaletto in 1742 (Royal Collection, UK) The white marble Arch of Septimius Severus at one end of the Roman Forum is a triumphal arch erected in 204 to commemorate... Detail from the Arch of Titus showing spoils from the Sack of Jerusalem The Arch of Titus is a triumphal arch with a single arched opening, located on the Summa Sacra Via to the west of the Forum in Rome. ... A rostrum (Latin beak) is an anatomical structure resembling a birds beak, such as part of the carapace of a crustacean. ... Piazza del Campidoglio, on the top of Capitoline Hill The Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus Mons), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the famous and highest of the seven hills of Rome, the site of a temple for the Capitoline Triad: the gods Jupiter, his wife Juno and... The Colosseum in Rome, Italy The Colosseum, originally known as the Flavian Amphitheater (lat. ... Urban V, né Guillaume de Grimoald (1310 - December 19, 1370), pope from 1362 to 1370, was a native of Grisae in Languedoc. ... Carlo Fea (2 February 1753 - 18 March 1836) was an Italian archaeologist. ...

Other fora existed in other areas of the city; remains of most of them, sometimes substantial, are extant.

• The most important of these are a number of large imperial fora forming a complex with the Forum Romanum: the Forum Julium, Forum Augustum, the Forum Transitorium (also: Forum Nervae), and Trajan's Forum.
• The Forum Boarium was dedicated to the commerce of cattle and was between the Palatine Hill and the river Tiber.
• The Forum Holitorium was dedicated to the commerce of herbs and vegetables, between the Capitoline Hill and the Servian walls.
• The Forum Piscarium was dedicated to the commerce of fish, between the Capitoline hill and the Tiber, in the area of the current Roman Ghetto.
• The Forum Suarium was dedicated to the commerce of pork, near the barracks of the cohortes urbanae in the northern part of the campus Martius.
• The Forum Vinarium was dedicated to the commerce of wine, in the area now of the "quartiere" Testaccio, between Aventine Hill and the Tiber.
• Other markets were known, but not correctly identifiable because of either lack of clear information or plurality of sites. Among these, the Forum cuppedinis, for generic commerce of many kinds of goods.

The Forum Boarium was the cattle market of ancient Rome. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... The Palatine Hill (Latin Palatium) is the centermost of the seven hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome in Italy. ... Tiber River in Rome The River Tiber (Italian Tevere), the third-longest river in Italy (disputed — see talk page) at 406 km (252 miles) after the Po and the Adige, flows through Rome in its course from Mount Fumaiolo to the Tyrrhenian Sea, which it reaches in two branches that... The Forum Holitorium was the vegetable market of early ancient Rome, by the Tiber at the foot of the Capitoline and Palatine hills. ... { { otheruses } } { { cuisine } } A hierba (pronunciada urb adentro [ [ ingl�s americano ] ] y hurb adentro [ [ ingl�s brit�nico ] ]) es a [ [ planta ] ] crecida para el valor culinario o medicinal. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... Piazza del Campidoglio, on the top of Capitoline Hill The Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus Mons), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the famous and highest of the seven hills of Rome, the site of a temple for the Capitoline Triad: the gods Jupiter, his wife Juno and... The Forum Piscarium was the fish forum venalium of ancient Rome, north of the Roman Forum, between the Capitoline hill and the Tiber, in the area of the current Roman Ghetto. ... Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, the most abundant fish species in the world. ... The Roman Ghetto was located in the area surrounded by todays Via del Portico dOttavia, Lungotevere dei Cenci, Via del Progresso and Via di Santa Maria del Pianto close to the Tiber and the Theatre of Marcellus, in Rome, Italy. ... The Forum Suarium was the pork forum venalium of early Ancient Rome during the empire, mentioned first in two inscriptions of about 200 AD. This market was near the barracks of the cohortes urbanae in the northern part of the campus Martius, probably close to the present Propaganda, and its... Hormel Pork Loin Filets This article is on meat. ... The Campus Martius, or Field of Mars, was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about 2 km² (600 acres) in extent. ... The Forum Vinarium was the wine forum venalium of early Ancient Rome, it was located in the area now of the quartiere Testaccio, between Aventine Hill and the Tiber. ... A glass of red wine Wine display at the Mt Markey Winery This article is about the beverage. ... The Aventine Hill is one of the seven hills that ancient Rome was built on. ...

See also

• Roman architecture

The Romans adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for their own purposes, which were so different from Greek buildings as to create a new architectural style. ...

External links

• "Forum Romanum", a ThinkQuest site
• Christian Hülsen: The Roman Forum (at LacusCurtius; Hülsen was one of the principal excavators of the Forum)
• Forum Romanum (at LacusCurtius; article in Platner's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome)
• "Forum Romanum" Project at VRoma

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Roman Forum