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Encyclopedia > Fosphenytoin

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fosphenytoin
(2,5-dioxo-4,4-diphenyl-imidazolidin-1-yl)methoxyphosphonic acid
CAS number
93390-81-9[1]		 ATC code
N03AB05[2]
Chemical formula C16H15N2O6P[3]
Molecular weight 362.274 g/mol
Bioavailability 100%
Metabolism  ?
Elimination half-life 15 minutes to convert to phenytoin
Time to reach steady state  ?
Excretion  ?
Pregnancy category  ?
Legal status Not a controlled substance
Route(s) of administration Intravenous, Intramuscular
Formulation(s)  ?

Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx®, Parke-Davis) is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used in only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is a term used to describe a pharmacokinetic property of drugs, namely, the fraction of a dose which reaches the systemic circulation. ... The elimination half-life of a drug (or any xenobiotic agent) refers to the timecourse necessary for the quantity of the xenobiotic agent in the body (or plasma concentration) to be reduced to half of its original level through various elimination processes. ... For alternative meanings see steady state (disambiguation). ... --212. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother. ... The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ... Parke-Davis was a pharmaceutical company which was previously a subsiduary of Warner-Lambert prior to Warner-Lamberts acquisition by Pfizer in 2000. ... Phenytoin sodium (marketed as Dilantin® in the USA and as Epanutin® in the UK, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer) is a commonly used antiepileptic. ... A prodrug is a pharmacological substance (drug) which is administered in an inactive (or significantly less active) form. ... Seizures (or convulsions) are temporary alterations in brain function expressing themselves into a changed mental state, tonic or clonic movements and various other symptoms. ...


History

Phenytoin, in both its acidic and sodium salt forms, is erratically bioavailable whether it is injected or taken orally due to its high melting point, weak acidity, and its being only sparingly soluble in water.[4] The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... For the condition of acidity, see acid. ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ...


Fosphenytoin was approved by the FDA on August 5, 1996 for use in epilepsy.[5] The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ...


References and End Notes

  1. ^  CTD - Chemicals: fosphenytoin The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.
  2. ^  ATC-Index Medizinische Medien Informations GmbH © 1997-2005
  3. ^  Pubchem Substance Summary: Fosphenytoin National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^  Yamaoka Y, Roberts RD, Stella VJ. "Low-melting phenytoin prodrugs as alternative oral delivery modes for phenytoin: a model for other high-melting sparingly water-soluble drugs." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 1983 Apr;72(4):400-5. PMID 6864479
  5. ^  Cerebyx Labeling and Approval History Drugs@FDA. U.S Food and Drug Administration

See Also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Baylor Health Care System: Phenytoin vs fosphenytoin (2886 words)
Fosphenytoin, the long-awaited phosphate ester pro-drug of phenytoin, was developed to overcome many of the complications associated with parenteral phenytoin administration and was intended to replace Dilantin (2, 3).
The use of intravenous fosphenytoin for the treatment of status epilepticus was studied in an open-label, single-dose trial of patients having >=2 generalized seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures (16).
Because fosphenytoin exhibits a relative decrease in protein binding with higher doses administered at higher rates of infusion, it is recommended that loading doses of fosphenytoin be administered at 150 mg PE/min when rapid achievement of therapeutic plasma concentrations is critical.
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) (2493 words)
Fosphenytoin is indicated for the control of generalized convulsive status epilepticus and to prevent and treat seizures occurring during neurosurgery, when other means of phenytoin administration are unavailable, inappropriate, or deemed less advantageous.
In the IV study, fosphenytoin was better tolerated than phenytoin with a lower incidence of hypotension requiring decreases in infusion rate and burning at the infusion site; however, the overall incidence of adverse events was similar between groups.
Based on this study, fosphenytoin was not added to the open formulary at the institution and was restricted to patients who were in status epilepticus or in patients without IV access.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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