Fossil water is groundwater having remained in an aquifer for thousands or more years. The Ogallala and Nubian aquifers are among the most notable of fossil water reserves. Groundwater is water flowing within aquifers below the water table. ... An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, or permeable mixtures of unconsolidated materials ( gravel, sand, silt, or clay) (see also groundwater). ... The Ogallala Aquifer underlies portions of eight states. ... Today Nubia is the region in the south of Egypt, along the Nile and in northern Sudan, but in ancient times it was an independent kingdom. ...
In areas with a high water table, tunnels and basements are less common due to the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water, and the risk of flooding.
Fossilwater is groundwater that has remained in an aquifer for millennia, and occurs mainly in deserts.
Fossilwater is non-renewable by present day rainfall due to their depth below the surface, and any extraction ('mining') causes a permanent change in the water table in such regions.
When we refer to fossilwater in an aquifer, it is water trapped since the ice age and there is no certainty how long it would take to replenish them, thus it safe to conclude that mining their water is only a temporary solution.
Water scarcity: In general a country with less than 1,700 cubic meter per capita is regarded as experiencing water stress, while less than 1000 cubic meter is regarded as water shortage.
Water scarcity or availability is based on measurements of stream flow within countries in question, with evaporation calculated based on local climate and subtracted from the total.
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