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Founding Fathers are persons instrumental in the establishment of an institution, usually a political institution, especially those connected to the origination of its ideals. The term is most often used in more reverential treatments of national history. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Founders may refer to: Founding Fathers, often referred to as the Founders, persons instrumental in the establishment of an institution Founding Fathers of the United States, the political leaders who participated in the American Revolution as leaders of the Patriots Founders (Star Trek), a political entity in the fictional Star...

List by country or continent

Afghanistan

Ahmad Shah Durrani (1723-1773) unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747.^[1]His mausoleum is in Kandahar, Afghanistan, where he is fondly known as Ahmad Shah Baba (Father of Afghanistan).^[2] See Ahmad Shah Qajar for the Persian ruler (1909-1925). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1747 (MDCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the city in Afghanistan. ...

Argentina

José de San Martín (1778-1850) and Manuel Belgrano (1770-1820) are usually considered the founding fathers of Argentina.^{[citation needed]} José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... Manuel Belgrano (June 3, 1770 – June 20, 1820) was an Argentine lawyer, politician, and military leader, born in Buenos Aires. ...

Australia

Sir Henry Parkes (1815-1896) is regarded as the "Father of Federation" in Australia. During the late 19th century, he was the strongest proponent for a federation of Australian territories. Unfortunately he died before Australia federated, and never got to see his plan come to fruition.^[3] Sir Henry Parkes (27 May 1815 – 27 April 1896), Australian politician, is sometimes called the Father of Federation and is at least considered the most prominent among the Australian Founding Fathers. ... The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed a federation. ...

Bangladesh

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) is regarded as the "Father of the Nation" in Bangladesh. A charismatic politician and popularly called as "Bangabandhu" (friend of the Bengal)Newsweek magazine referred to him as the "poet of politics" when he was incarcerated by the Pakistani forces in 1971, the year of Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan. Though most part of Mujib's political career featured a struggle for democracy and defiance against military rule in the State of Pakistan, he banned all opposition political activities and introduced one party system (called BAKSAL-Bangladesh Farmers Workers Awami League) in the newly created state of Bangladesh. In the mid-night of August 15, 1975, a group of disgruntled army officers brutally killed him along with most of his family members at his residence in Dhaka (see Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman). His daughter Sheikh Hasina (born 1947) served as Bangladesh's Prime Minister during 1996-2001 and leader of opposition in the national Parliament during 1991-1996 and 2001-2006.In an opinion poll conducted by the BBC Radio in 2003, he was voted as the greatest Bangalee (a native of the Bengal)of all times.^{[citation needed]} Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... The Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League was the political amalgmation of the Awami League with the Krishak Sramik Party that supported President Mujibur Rahman in governing Bangladesh. ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bengali: Ḍhākā; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh, was assassinated on August 15, 1975. ... Sheikh Hasina Wazed (Bangla: শেখ হাসিনা ওয়াজেদ) (born September 28, 1947) was the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1996 to 2001. ...

Brazil

José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Patriarch of Brazilian Independence

José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (1763-1838) is regarded as the "Patriarch of Independence" in Brazil. He was responsible to advise the so Prince Regent of Brazil, Pedro de Alcantara, about Portugal's intentions to downgrade Brazil to colonial status, after years the Portuguese American territory was already joint to the European metropolis as a united kingdom. This attitude convinced the Prince Regent to declare the independence of Brazil in September 7, 1822, becoming himself the new independent country's emperor, titled as Pedro I of Brazil (1798-1834).^[4] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 444 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (450 × 607 pixel, file size: 35 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 444 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (450 × 607 pixel, file size: 35 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva (June 13, 1763 – April 6, 1838), Brazilian statesman and naturalist, was born at Santos, São Paulo. ... After its independence from the Portuguese on September 7, 1822, Brazil became a monarchy, the Brazilian Empire, which lasted until the establishment of the Republican government on November 15, 1889. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil (pron. ...

Canada

Canada has the "Fathers of Confederation" who attended the Charlottetown, Quebec, and London Conferences to set up the Canadian Confederation.^[5] We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ... The London Conference was held in the United Kingdom in December 1866 and was the final in a series of conferences that led to Canadian confederation in 1867. ... We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ...

Chile

Bernardo O'Higgins (1778-1842) and José Miguel Carrera (1785-1821) are usually considered the founding fathers of Chile. Other people referred as founding fathers of Chile include Camilo Enríquez and Manuel Rodríguez (1785-1818).^{[citation needed]} Bernardo OHiggins Riquelme (August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842), South American independence leader, was one of the commanders – together with José de San Martín – of the military forces that freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... Camilo Ponce Enríquez (January 31, 1912–September 13, 1976) was an Ecuadorian political figure. ... Monument of Manuel Rodríquez displayed in Bustamante Park in Santiago, Chile // Early Years (1785-1810) Manuel Rodríguez Erdoíza, Chilean lawyer and guerrilla, was born on 27 February 1785 and was the son of Don Carlos Rodríguez de Herrera y Zeballos, a customs officer of Peruvian nationality...

European Union

Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967), Joseph Bech (1887-1975),^[6] Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi (1894-1972), Alcide De Gasperi (1881-1954), Jacques Delors (born 1925), Sicco Mansholt (1908-1995), Jean Monnet (1888-1979), Lorenzo Natali, Robert Schuman (1886-1963), Mario Soares (born 1924), Paul-Henri Spaak (1899-1972), Altiero Spinelli (1907-1986), and Pierre Werner (1913-2002) have been referred to as the founding fathers of the European Union.^[7][8] For other uses, see Konrad Adenauer (disambiguation). ... Joseph Bech (born February 17, 1887 in Diekirch, Luxembourg; died March 8, 1975 in Luxembourg (city)) was a Luxembourgish politician and statesman. ... Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi (en: Count Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi), (Tokyo, November 17, 1894 to Schruns, Vorarlberg, July 27, 1972) was an Austrian politician and geopolitician. ... Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. ... Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born July 20, 1925 in Paris) is a French economist and politician, the only person who served two terms as President of the European Commission (between 1985 and 1995). ... Sicco Leendert Mansholt (September 13, 1908 - June 29/30, 1995) was the president of the European Commission in 1972. ... Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (November 9, 1888 – March 16, 1979) is regarded by many as the architect of European Unity. ... Robert Schuman (June 29, 1886 – September 4, 1963) was a noted Luxembourg-born German-French politician, a Christian Democrat (M.R.P.) who is regarded as one of the founders of the European Union. ... Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (born December 7, 1924), Portuguese politician, was born in Lisbon, and graduated in history, philosophy and law from the University of Lisbon. ... Paul-Henri Charles Spaak   listen? (January 25, 1899 - July 31, 1972) was a Belgian Socialist politician and statesman. ... Altiero Spinelli (1907-1986) was an Italian citizen and lifelong advocate of European federalism. ... Pierre Werner (29 December 1913 - 24 June 2002) was a Luxembourg politician. ...

Germany

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), the "Iron Chancellor", engineered the unification of the numerous states of Germany. Modern, democratic Germany was decisively shaped by the "Fathers of the Basic Law" in the 1948 Constitutional Convention at Herrenchiemsee and by the first Federal Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer.^{[citation needed]} “Bismarck” redirects here. ... The Basic Law (German: Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the constitution[1] of Germany. ... Schloss Herrenchiemsee One of the fountains in the gardens of Schloss Herrenchiemsee Herrenchiemsee 2005 Herrenchiemsee is a complex of royal buildings on the Herreninsel, an island in the middle of Bavarias largest lake, the Chiemsee, 60 km south east of Munich. ... The head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (German: Kanzler). ... For other uses, see Konrad Adenauer (disambiguation). ...

Ghana

Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) led the nation to its independence from the United Kingdom in 1957.^{[citation needed]} This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

India

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) is referred to as the founding father of India. He was one the top leaders of the Indian National Congress which struggled for the liberation of India from British rule. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964), the first Prime Minister of India, is also considered a founding father^[9]. To a much lesser extent, it can also refer to Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956), the architect of the Indian constitution^[10]. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... The flag of British India British India, circa 1860 The British Raj (Raj in Hindi meaning Rule; from Sanskrit Rajya) was the British rule between 1858 and 1947 of the Indian Subcontinent, which included the present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Burma (Myanmar), whereby these lands were under the colonial... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the Government of India. ... Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (April 14, 1891 or 1892 - December 6, 1956) was the most prominent Indian Untouchable leader of the 20th century. ...

Although this usage is declining, when used in the plural, as the "Founding fathers" it usually refers to the members of the Constitutional Assembly's Draft Committee ^[11]. Ironically the Drafting Committee also included women, among its ranks.

Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882), Count Camillo Benso (1810-1861), Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) have been referred to as the founding fathers of the Kingdom of Italy.^[12] Garibaldi in 1866. ... Count Camilio Benso di Cavour (August 10, 1810 _ June 6, 1861) was a statesman who was a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification and the first Prime Minister of the new Kingdom of Italy. ... Giuseppe Mazzini. ... Anthem Marcia Reale dOrdinanza (Royal March of Ordinance)¹ The Kingdom of Italy at the height of its power in 1940. ...

Netherlands

Often Prince William I of Orange (1533-1584) is referred to as the vader des vaderlands or father of the fatherlands of the Netherlands. William I (William the Silent). ...

Norway

Usually the Riksforsamlingen at Eidsvoll in 1814, consisting of 112 men from most of the country, in Norway often referred to as the Eidsvoll Fathers or the Fathers of the Constitution.^[13] Grunnlovsforsamlingen Eidsvoll 1814 - painting by Oscar Wergeland Riksforsamlingen is a Norwegian term approximately meaning The National Assembly. // The Assembly Riksforsamlingen is the name given to the 1814 Assembly of Eidsvoll, Norway. ... County Akershus Landscape Romerike Municipality NO-0237 Administrative centre Sundet Mayor (2005) Arild Sandahl (Ap) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 222 457 km² 385 km² 0. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Namibia

Sam Nujoma was named Namibias "Founding Father of the Nation" after the indepedence in 1990</ref> President Sam Nujoma Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma (born May 12, 1929) was the first President of Namibia. ...

Nigeria

Herbert Macaulay (1864-1946), Alvan Ikoku (1900-1971), Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904-1996), Obafemi Awolowo (1909-1987), Sir Ahmadu Bello (1910-1966), Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912-1966), Murtala Mohammed (1938-1976), Aminu Kano (1920-1983), Joseph Tarka (1932-1980) and Dennis Osadebay (1911-1994) are considered founding fathers of Nigeria. The troika of Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe, and Ahmadu Bello negotiated Nigeria's independence from Britain.^[14] Herbert Macaulay (1864-1946) was a Nigerian politician, engineer, journalist, and musician. ... Alvan Ikoku (1900–1971) was a Nigerian educator, statesman, activist and politician. ... Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe (November 16, 1904 – May 11, 1996), usually referred to as Nnamdi Azikiwe, or, informally and popularly, as Zik, was the founder of modern Nigerian nationalism and the first President of Nigeria, holding the position throughout the Nigerian First Republic. ... Obafemi Awolowo Chief Obafemi Awolowo (1909-1987) was a Nigerian politician and leader, a Yoruba and native of Ikenne in Ogun State of Nigeria, who started as a regional political leader like most of his pre-independence contemporaries. ... Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello (1909 - 1966) was a Nigerian politician, born on 12th June, 1909 in Rabbah, Sokoto State. ... Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912-January 15, 1966) was the first prime minister of an independent Nigeria. ... Murtala Mohammed General Murtala Ramat Mohammed (November 8, 1938–February 13, 1976) was a military ruler (Head of the Federal Military Government) of Nigeria (1975–1976). ... Aminu Kano (1920-1983) was a Muslim politician from Nigeria. ... Joseph Tarka (1932-1980) was a Nigerian politician from Benue State and a former minister for Communications under General Yakubu Gowon. ... Dennis Osadebay (June, 1911-Dec 1994) was a Nigerian politician, poet, journalist and former premier of the now defunct Mid-Western Region of Nigeria, which now comprises Edo and Delta State. ...

Pakistan

Pakistan's founding father is Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), an Indian Muslim Barrister, originally from the Indian National Congress and later the Muslim League, who fought for the rights of Muslim minority in India, is widely held to be the creator of Pakistan. Founding Fathers are persons instrumental not only in the establishment (founding) of a political institution, but also in the origination of the idea of the institution. ... Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Urdu:  ) (December 25, 1876 – September 11, 1948) was an Indian Muslim politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan and served as its first Governor-General. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... The All India Muslim League (Urdu: مسلم لیگ), founded at Dhaka in 1906, was a political party in British India that developped into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ...

Portugal

Henry of Burgundy (1066–1112), was appointed Count of Portugal as a reward for military services to Kingdom of León, and with the purpose of expanding the territory southwards. And, more importantly, his son, Count Afonso I of Portugal (1109–1185), a Templar Brother who took control of the county after Henry died and was recognized by the Holy See, in 1179, as the first King of Portugal, through the Manifestis Probatum bull.^{[citation needed]} Henry of Burgundy (1066–1112) was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. ... History of Portugal series Prehistoric Portugal Pre-Roman Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia Visigoths and Suevi Moorish rule and Reconquista First County of Portugal Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal Second County of Portugal Establishment of the Monarchy Consolidation of the Monarchy 1383–1385 Crisis Discoveries Portuguese Empire 1580 Crisis Iberian... Coat of arms Kingdom of León, 1030 Capital León Language(s) Mainly Latin and Astur-Leonese. ... Afonso I, King of Portugal (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. ... This is a List of Portuguese monarchs from the independence of Portugal from Castile in 1139, to the beginning of the Republic in October 5, 1910. ... Manifestis Probatum was a 12th century papal bull in which Pope Alexander III recognised Afonso Henriques as the first king of Portugal. ...

Somalia

Ahmad Gurey (1506-1543) and Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (1856-1920) are considered mainly as the founding fathers of Somali nationalism. He created among the sultanates of Darod what is today called Somalia. For instance, second President of Somalia Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was born in Hobyo to a wealthy family of the sultanate of Obbio.^{[citation needed]} Ahmed Gurey statue in Mogadishu. ... Mohammed Abdullah Hasssan on his famous horse Xin-Faniin Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan, Sayyid) (born April 7, 1864, in the north of Somalia, died December 21, 1920 in Imi, Ethiopia) was Somalias religious and nationalist leader (called the Mad Mullah by the British, although he was neither... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... The Darod (Somali language: Darood, or Daarood) is a Somali clan. ... This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. ... Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was President of Somalia from June 10, 1967 until October 15, 1969. ...

South America

José de San Martín^[15], Simon Bolivar^[16], Jose Antonio Paez^{[citation needed]}, Rafael Urdaneta^{[citation needed]}, Francisco de Paula Santander^[17], Francisco de Miranda^[18] have been referred to as the founding fathers of the northern countries of South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia). José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (July 24, 1783 &#8211; December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ... Categories: Stub | 1790 births | 1873 deaths | Presidents of Venezuela ... Hero of the Latin American war for independence, Rafael José Urdaneta y Faría was born on October 24th, 1788, in the province of Maracaibo in Venezuela from an aristocratic family of spanish descent. ... Francisco de Paula Santander (April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840), was one of the military and political leaders during Colombias (then known as New Granada) independence struggle (1810-1819). ... Francisco de Miranda Sebastián Francisco de Miranda Rodríguez (commonly known as Francisco de Miranda March 28, 1750 – July 14, 1816) was a South American revolutionary whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but who is regarded as a forerunner of Simón Bol...

Swiss Confederation

Both the anonymous Eidgenossen who drew up the Federal Charter of 1291, or the liberal statesmen who helped found the modern Swiss Confederation in 1848 can be considered the founding fathers of Switzerland. Among the latter, those who became the first members of the Swiss Federal Council were perhaps the most notable: Ulrich Ochsenbein, Jakob Stämpfli, Jonas Furrer, Martin J. Munzinger, Daniel-Henri Druey, Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Wilhelm Matthias Naeff and Stefano Franscini.^{[citation needed]} Eidgenossenschaft is a German term that literally translated means confederacy of the oath. In a strict sense an Eidgenossenschaft is a confederacy of equal partners, which can be individuals or groups such as states, formed by a pact sealed by an oath on God. ... Federal Charter of 1291 The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance (in German Bundesbrief) documents the Eternal Alliance or League Of The Three Forest Cantons (in German Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland, formed in early August, 1291. ... The Swiss Federal Council (German: , French: , Italian: , Romansh: ) is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the government as well as the head of state of Switzerland. ... Ulrich Ochsenbein (November 24, 1811 - November 3, 1890) was a Swiss politician. ... Jakob Stämpfli Jakob Stämpfli (February 23, 1820 - May 15, 1879) was a Swiss politician. ... Jonas Furrer (March 3, 1805 - July 25, 1861) was a Swiss politician. ... Martin Josef Munzinger (November 11, 1791 - February 6, 1855) was a Swiss politician. ... Daniel-Henri Druey (April 12, 1799 - March 29, 1855) was a Swiss politician. ... Friedrich Frey-Herosé (October 12, 1801 - September 22, 1873) was a Swiss politician. ... Wilhelm Matthias Näff (February 19, 1802 - January 21, 1881) was a Swiss politician. ... Stefano Francscini (October 23, 1796 - July 19, 1857) was a Swiss politician. ...

Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) the founder of the Republic of Turkey and its first President.^[19] Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938) was an army officer, revolutionary statesman, the founder of the Republic of Turkey and its first President. ...

United States of America

Main article: Founding Fathers of the United States

The signatories of the Declaration of Independence are often called "Founders," and the delegates of the Philadelphia Convention which prepared the Constitution are often called "Framers." According to Joseph J. Ellis , this concept emerges in the 1820s as the last survivors died out. George Washington was always the dominant figure. He was joined by John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and after that, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and others. Ellis says the "the founders," or "the fathers" comprised an aggregate of semi-sacred figures whose particular accomplishments and singular achievements were decidedly less important than their sheer presence as a powerful but faceless symbol of past greatness. For the generation of national leaders coming of age in the 1820s and 1830s—men like Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Adam Smith, and John C. Calhoun—"the founders" represented a heroic but anonymous abstraction whose long shadow fell across all followers and whose legendary accomplishments defied comparison. "We can win no laurels in a war for independence," Webster acknowledged in 1825. "Earlier and worthier hands have gathered them all. Nor are there places for us ... [as] the founders of states. Our fathers have filled them. But there remains to us a great duty of defence and preservation."^[20] Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ... // The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies were independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... John Adams, Jr. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836), an American politician and fourth President of the United States of America (1809–1817), was one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757–July 12, 1804) was an Army officer, lawyer, Founding Father, American politician, leading statesman, financier and political theorist. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, and jurist. ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... Henry Clay, Sr. ... Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was a leading American statesman during the nations antebellum era. ... Adam Smith FRSE (baptised June 5, 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. – July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century, best known as a spokesman for slavery, nullification and the rights of electoral minorities, such as slave-holders. ...

References